2022-2023学年湖南省长沙重点中学高一（下）第三次月考英语试卷（含解析）

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年湖南省长沙重点中学高一（下）第三次月考英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共11小题，共22.0分）AAfterdrawingbloodandrunningaCTscan，thedoctorhadquestionsforme."Whatisatypicaldaylikeforyou？""Iamagraduatestudentwithatightschedulethatusuallykeepsmeatworklateintothenight，"Ireplied.Next，heturnedtodiet.Ipausedwhenthisquestioncame，embarrassedbymyanswer."Ionlyhavecoffeeforbreakfast.Forlunchanddinner，Iusuallygrabsomethingfromafast-foodstandoncampus."Thedoctorseemedshocked.Asmorequestionsfollowedaboutmystresslevelsandlifestyle，myunhealthystatebegantosinkin.

Ingraduateschool，IwasfullyfocusedonmyprojectanddoingwhatIcouldtobecomeasuccessfulscientist.Ididn'tfeelIhadthetimeorenergytoshopforgroceriesandcook.Istoppedexercisinganddidn'tspendasmuchtimesocializing.WhenIwassluggish，insteadofgivingmymindandbodyarest，Idrankenergyboosterstomaintainmystrengthandcontinuedtoworklonghours.AsIprogressedthroughmyPhDProgram，Igainedanunhealthyamountofweight.IgottiredeasilyandIoftencaughtcoldsortheflu.Eventually，mystomachachewassobadthatitdrovemetotheemergencyroom.

Afterhearingthedoctor'swarning，IknewIhadnochoice.Istoppedworkinglateintothenight，whichgavememoretimetorelax，sleep，andpreparemyownmeals.Ireadupondietaryrecommendationsandbegantochoosenutritiousandhealthyfood.Ialsogaveupenergydrinksandswitchedtotea.Manytimes，Iwastemptedtogobacktomyoldroutine.IplacedstickynotesinmyofficeandathometoremindmyselfthatifIdidn'tmakehealthychoices，I'dsufferconsequences.

It'sbeen4yearsnowand，tomysurprise，Ihavenotonlynoticedgainsinmyhealth，butalsofounditeasiertobeproductiveatwork.1.Whatwastheproblemwiththeauthor？______A.Hedidpoorlyinhisstudies.

B.Hewasn'tgoodatsocializing.

C.Heignoredthedoctor'sadvice.

D.Hehadaveryunhealthylifestyle.2.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"sluggish"？______A.castdown B.wornout C.carriedaway D.leftbehind3.Whatliesbehindtheauthor'srecovery？______A.Creativity. B.Optimism. C.Self-control. D.Co-operation.BAstudy，ledbyresearchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia，SanDiego，trackedthesame875mother-childpairsinChilefor16years，conductingassessmentsatages1，5，10and16.Ateachvisitresearchersscreenedthemotherforsignsofdepressionandusedcognitive（认知的）developmenttestsonthechild.Theyalsoaskedquestionstoassessthehomelife，featuringthelevelofconnectionbetweenthemotherandchild.

Researchersfoundthatsignsofdepressioninmomswhenthechildisoneareassociatedwithlowerscoresoncognitivefunctiontestsforthechildatage16."Wefoundthatmotherswhowerehighlydepresseddidn'tinvest（投入）emotionallyorinprovidinglearningmaterialstosupporttheirchild，suchastoysandbooks，asmuchasmotherswhowerenotdepressed.This，inturn，impactedthechild'sIQatages5，10and16，"PatriciaEast，PhD，researchscientistwiththeDepartmentofPediatricsatUCSanDiegoSchoolofMedicineandoneoftheleadauthorsonthestudy，saidinastatement.

Theauthorsfoundtherelationshipinreversetobetrue，aswell—lowerdevelopmentscoresearlyinthechild'slifepromotedlessengagementfrommomandthatonlyincreasedsignsofmothers'depressionasthechildenteredintoadolescence.

ChildrenwhohadseverelydepressedmotherswerefoundtohaveanaverageverbalIQscoreof7.30comparedtoascoreof7.78inchildrenwithoutdepressedmothers.Althoughseeminglysmall，differencesinIQfrom7.78to7.30arehighlymeaningfulintermsofchildren'sverbalskillsandvocabulary，saidEast."Ourstudyresultsshowthelong-termconsequencesthatachildcanexperienceduetolong-termmothers'depression."

However，theauthorsrecognizethatthesefamiliesinChilecanbeverydifferentfrommothersandchildrenofotherculturalbackgroundsornationalities.Besides，allthefamiliesstudiedwerefromasimilarculturalbackgroundandsocioeconomicstatusandhadasimilarlevelofeducation.4.Whatdidtheresearchersdointhestudy？______A.Theyscreenedthechildforsignsofdepression.

B.Theytestedthecognitiveabilitiesofthemother.

C.Theyevaluatedthemother-childpairs'relationship.

D.Theyignoredthemother'seducationalbackground.5.Whatconclusiondidtheresearchersdraw？______A.Akid'sIQscoresweredecidedbythemother's.

B.Akid'sIQscoresweredifferentatdifferentages.

C.DepressedmothersgavebirthtokidswithlowIQscores.

D.Mothers'depressionmightnegativelyimpacttheirkids'IQ.6.Whatmightbetheauthors'attitudetowardstheresultsofthestudy？______A.Theydon'tsounddebatable.

B.Theymayencouragepublicdebate.

C.Theymaynotbeveryrepresentative.

D.Theyhavebeenconfirmedinalargescale.7.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage？______A.Adolescents'ConfusioninChile

B.ImpactofMothers'DepressiononKids

C.SignificanceofIQinKids'AcademicTests

D.MaternalDepressionandKids'CognitiveTestScoresCElNiño，aSpanishtermfor"theChristchild"，wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern，whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears，reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNiñoseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround.

Theweathereffects，bothgoodandbad，arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños，onbalance，thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNiñoin1997-1998helpedAmerica'seconomygrowby﹩15billion，partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests：farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.

ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardroughtinsouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiñomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia，theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.

ThemostrecentpowerfulNiño，in1997-1998，killedaround21，000peopleandcauseddamageworth﹩36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNiñoscomewithmonthsofwarning，andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute（ODI），however，just12%ofdisaster-relieffunding（救灾资金）inthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance，ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespitetheevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.

Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure（基础设施）canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers（下水道）makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMr.Hsiangandco-authors，civilconflictisrelatedtoElNiño'sharmfuleffectsandthepoorerthecountry，thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal，helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNiño，reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.8.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNiñointhefirstparagraph？______A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.

B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.

C.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.

D.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.9.WhatmayElNiñosbringabouttothecountriesaffected？______A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.

B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.

C.Richcountries'gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.

D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.10.ThedataprovidedbyODIinthefourthparagraphsuggestthat______.A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreduction

B.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaid

C.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst

D.victimsofElNiñodeservemorecompensation（补偿）11.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage？______A.TointroduceElNiñoanditsorigin.

B.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNiño.

C.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNiño.

D.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNiño.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）Lookingforawaytobehappier？Areyouseekingdeeperconnectionswithfriendsorlookingformorefriends？（1）______Tryalittlecompassion.

Compassion，asonescholardescribes，is"experiencingfeelingsoflovingkindnesstowardanotherperson'ssuffering".Thecompassionatetendtohavedeeperconnectionswithothersandhavemorefriends，whoaremoreforgivingandhaveastrongersenseoflifepurpose.Thecompassionatealsotendtobehappier，healthier，moreself-confident，andlessself-critical.（2）______

Practicingcompassiondoesn'thavetocostyoumoney.Allyouneedisaquietplace.（3）______Focusonyourbreathandtrytoclearyourmind.Thenmentallyfocusonyourheartareaandthinkaboutsomeoneyoufeeltendernesstoward.Thiscouldbeyourfriendoryourfamily.

（4）______Innersunshinewarmsnotonlytheheartoftheowner，butallwhocomeincontactwithit.Astimeallows，addmorepeopletothiscircle.Thismaysoundalittlestrange，butstudieshaveshownthissimpleexercisereallystrengthensyoursenseofcompassion.

Evenshort-termexerciseslikethisbroadenyourattention，yourthinkingandyouroverallsenseofwell-beinginawaythatlasts.（5）______Compassionhelpsyourbrainbecomemoreflexible，andletsyourbrainhaveawidersenseofwhat'sgoingon，anditgivesyouaccesstomoreideasonhowtoact.

Thispracticeisbeneficialtophysicalhealthandcanhelpreducephysicalsignsofstress.Andthehappinessthatcancomefromcompassiontrainingisthekindthatlasts.

A.Wanttorelatebettertootherpeople？

B.That'sinpartbecauseitchangesyourbrain.

C.Compassiontrainingishelpfultoreducestress.

D.Inthatquietspace，sitinacomfortableposition.

E.Thenexpandthatfeelingtoyourselfandtoothers.

F.Consequently，compassionhasdirectpersonalbenefits.

G.However，itisimportanttocreateacomfortableenvironment.12.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G13.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G14.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G15.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）Asherfatherguidedherwheelchairdowntheroadalongsidetheswimmingpool，12-year-oldTinaFisherfiddled（整理、摆弄）withthefolds（褶皱）oftheborrowedwetsuitshewaswearing.Shetookafew（1）______breathsandlookedaroundnervously.

Thisisagirlwholovesthe（2）______ofwaterflowingaroundherarmsandlegs，whountilrecentlywas（3）______herunderwaterswimming，andwhotakeseveryopportunitytospendtimeinthewater.

ButthiswasthefirsttimeTinahadbeenanywherenearapoolsincetheotherwise（4）______June2whenshewasplayingwithafriend.Just90minutesaftershefeltpaininherlegs—thefirstsymptomofaspinalstroke—shebecameparalyzed（瘫痪）fromthewaist（5）______.

Nowshewasgoingtotrysomethingshe'dnever（6）______evenwhenshe'dhadtheuseofherlegs：Shewasgoingtotakeherfirstscuba（水肺）divinglesson.

Tina'sfather，DennisFisher，slippedintothepoolandhelpedOccupationalDoctorKaitlinMacdonald（7）______hisdaughterintothewater.Shelay（8）______，restedherheadonthesurfaceand，forafewbriefmoments，（9）______hereyes.ThenshedidsomethingthatmadeMacdonald（10）______."Tina，"shesaid，"lookatyourleg."Eversoslightly，Tinawasmovingherrightleg.Itwas（11）______afewinches，butstill—Tina'smindwastellingherlegwhattodo，andherlegwas（12）______.

"Alotoftimes，we'llseemovementinthewaterfirst，"Macdonaldsaid，"Itmeansanabilityistherethatwecanbuildon，（13）______it'sstillweak."

ForTina，itfelt（14）______tojustbebackinthepool.Shewrappedherarmsaroundherfatherandbrieflylayherheadonhischest.ThensheturnedtoMacdonaldandsignaledshewasreadytoswimthe（15）______ofthepooltoachievehersuccess.

"OK，"Macdonaldsaid，"Herewego."17.

A.deep B.fresh C.shallow D.smooth18.

A.taste B.act C.feel D.movement19.

A.passingon B.workingon C.lookingon D.countingon20.

A.special B.lasting C.ordinary D.memorable21.

A.up B.around C.above D.down22.

A.accessed B.attempted C.accomplished D.demanded23.

A.catch B.hold C.throw D.lower24.

A.back B.aside C.over D.beneath25.

A.fixed B.opened C.rolled D.closed26.

A.upset B.sob C.smile D.disappoint27.

A.nomorethan B.muchmorethan C.nolessthan D.notlessthan28.

A.reflecting B.responding C.resisting D.returning29.

A.so B.and C.for D.although30.

A.nervous B.great C.terrific D.comfortable31.

A.height B.size C.area D.length四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）32.ChinaispreparedtobringbackgiantpandaYaYafromazoointheUnitedStatesassoonaspossible.

The20-yearloan（1）______（agree）forjointresearchandconservationprojectsbetweentheChineseAssociationofZoologicalGardensandMemphisZooinTennesseethatlandedYaYaintheUSinApril2003（2）______（end）onFriday.

Thezoohostedafarewellparty（3）______thefemalepandaonSaturdayandiscurrentlyawaitingapermitfromtheUSFishandWildlifeService（4）______（send）herhometoChina.

ManypeopleinChinahavebeenconcernedabout22-year-oldYaYa'shealthafter（5）______（know）thathermalepartner，LeLe，diedinFebruaryaheadofthepair'sscheduledreturn.

Thefemalepandaisin"（6）______（relative）stablecondition"，exceptforherfurcondition（7）______（cause）byaskindisease，Wangsaidataregularnewsconference.

ExpertsfromtheassociationandBeijingZooareintheUSworkingwithMemphisZoo（8）______（official）tofeedandcareforYaYa，thespokesmansaid.

Chinahascompletedallpreparationsforthegiantpanda'sreturn（9）______willstrengthencooperationwiththeUStoconduct（10）______healthassessmentbeforeherjourneyhome，hesaid.五、阅读填空（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）33.根据课文内容填空。

Duringatyphoon，youshoulddoyourbestto（1）______.Itisalsoimportantthatyoustayinside.Ifyouhavetogooutside，alwaysexitusingthestairs.Whenyouareout，（2）______trees，largesignsandlightpoles.Rememberto（3）______whatisgoingon.Payattentiontonewsupdatestoconfirmwhetherthedangerisgone.Thesetipswillhelpkeepyousafeandsound（4）______atyphoon.

Passage2

Anothertipistokeep（5）______private，includingyourphonenumber，addressandemailaccount.Youalsoneedtoshowrespectwhen（6）______otheronlineusers.Leavecommentspolitelyandtreatothersthewayyouwouldlike（7）______.Thoughthe（8）______ofonlineusersareniceandfriendly，theremightbesomeuserswhomakeyoufeeluncomfortableonline.Insuchcases，beawarethatyoualwayshavetherighttosaynoand（9）______.Rememberthatrelationshipsyouestablishinthe（10）______arejustthesameasthoseyouhaveinreallife.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)六、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共50.0分）34.假如你校年级组长文老师最近发现有不少学生沉迷手机，深感担忧，学校英语报正面向全体学生以"远离手机"为话题进行征稿。请你写一篇英语短文投稿，内容包括：

（1）学生使用手机问题的现状；

（2）高中生沉迷手机的危害；

（3）呼吁远离手机。

注意：

（1）写作词数应为80左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。35.Earlyoneweekendmorning,Iwassleepinglikealogwhenthetelephonerang.WhenIansweredIheardmyGrandma'svoice"Hey,sweetheart.Ihavemissedyousomuchlately.Whydon'tyoucometothecountrysideandenjoysomefineviews？"sheasked."Dad,Grandmaisinvitingustoherhome,"Ishoutedtomyfatherwhowasbusyinthekitchen."Finewithme,"herespondedinacasualtone.Afteraquickbreakfast,wedrovetoGrandma's.

Oncewearrived,wewereboththrilledbythebreathtakinglandscape.Theplumtreesinthebackyardwereripewithfruit,whilemillionsofwildflowerscoloredthevalley.Grandmaprepareddeliciouslunchincludingherspecialhomemadeapplejam,whichwasmyfavorite.Seeingmygreedyeyes,grandmasaid"Takesomewhenyouleave,andI'vegotplentystoredinthecellar（地窖）."Talkingandlaughing,wedidn'tevennoticethatitwaslateintheafternoon,thoughsomewhatcoolerthanithadbeenthatmorning.Grandmasuggestedthatwetakeherhomemadewoodenboatforatouralongthenearbyriver.

Seatedintheboat,lookingupatthesky,Ifeltlikethecloudsweregreetinguscheerfullyfromabove.Inthevastfields,thegoldentreeswerelikebridesinthesun.Thebreezeskimmedoverthesurfaceofthefield,carryingthesweetsmelloftheflowers.ItwaslikeapicturepaintedbyoneoftheDutchmasters."Itissonicetospendsomequalitytimewithfamily,"Dadmurmured."Itfeelslikewe'reonanadventure,"Iadded."It'sbeensomuchfun!"

Whilewewereadmiringthesplendidsettingaroundus,theweatherstartedgettinghotandhumidagain.Atfirst,weignoredthischange,butwhendadlookedupatthesky,hesawdark,lowcloudswereapproachingus.Thenafiercegale（大风）sprangup.Lightningflashedwithintheblackclouds,followedbyaroarofthunder."Row!"Dadshouted,trembling,"Atornado（龙卷风）iscoming!"

Therewasnotimetothink.Werowedasfastaswecould._______________

Grandmaopenedthedoorforus.___________________

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、B、C【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中回答医生的话Iamagraduatestudentwithatightschedulethatusuallykeepsmeatworklateintothenight（我是一名研究生，日程安排很紧，经常工作到深夜）和Ionlyhavecoffeeforbreakfast.Forlunchanddinner，Iusuallygrabsomethingfromafast-foodstandoncampus.（我早餐只喝咖啡。午餐和晚餐，我通常会在校园里的快餐店买点吃的）以及最后一句Asmorequestionsfollowedaboutmystresslevelsandlifestyle，myunhealthystatebegantosinkin.（随着更多关于我的压力水平和生活方式的问题接踵而至，我开始陷入不健康的状态）可知，作者的问题是生活方式不健康。故选D。

（2）词义猜测题。根据画线词下文insteadofgivingmymindandbodyarest，Idrankenergyboosterstomaintainmystrength（我没有让我的大脑和身体休息，而是喝能量加强剂来保持我的体力）可知，喝能量加强剂说明身体能量耗尽，故sluggish意为"筋疲力尽"。A．castdown沮丧；B．wornout筋疲力尽；C．carriedaway带走；D．leftbehind留下。故选B。

（3）推理判断题。根据第三段中Manytimes，Iwastemptedtogobacktomyoldroutine.IplacedstickynotesinmyofficeandathometoremindmyselfthatifIdidn'tmakehealthychoices，I'dsufferconsequences.（很多时候，我都想回到以前的生活。我在办公室和家里都放了便利贴，提醒自己如果不做健康的选择，我就会承担后果）及最后一段中It'sbeen4yearsnow…（到现在已经4年了）可知，作者是由于长期的自律才恢复了健康，故选C。

这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述作者由于生活方式不健康及压力水平导致身体出了问题，听了医生的警告后作者不再工作到深夜，也开始选择营养和健康的食物，坚持了4年后作者的健康状况有所改善，工作也更加有效率。

阅读理解要注意结合题目去文章中找答题依据，不可以凭空猜测，通过准确理解句意答对题目。

4~7.【答案】C、D、C、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Theyalsoaskedquestionstoassessthehomelife，featuringthelevelofconnectionbetweenthemotherandchild.（他们还问了一些问题来评估家庭生活，描述母亲和孩子之间的互动程度）可知，研究人员在研究中询问一些问题，以此评价母亲和孩子之间的亲密关系。故选C。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段中Researchersfoundthatsignsofdepressioninmomswhenthechildisoneareassociatedwithlowerscoresoncognitivefunctiontestsforthechildatage16.（研究人员发现，孩子一岁时母亲的抑郁症状与孩子16岁时的认知功能测试得分较低有关）和Wefoundthatmotherswhowerehighlydepresseddidn'tinvest（投入）emotionallyorinprovidinglearningmaterialstosupporttheirchild，suchastoysandbooks，asmuchasmotherswhowerenotdepressed.This，inturn，impactedthechild'sIQatages5，10and16（我们发现，与不抑郁的母亲相比，高度抑郁的母亲在情感上或为孩子提供学习材料方面的投入更少，如玩具和书籍。这反过来又影响了孩子在5岁、10岁和16岁时的智商）可知，研究人员得出的结论是：母亲患有抑郁症会对孩子的智商有负面影响。故选D。

（3）观点态度题。根据最后一段However，theauthorsrecognizethatthesefamiliesinChilecanbeverydifferentfrommothersandchildrenofotherculturalbackgroundsornationalities.Besides，allthefamiliesstudiedwerefromasimilarculturalbackgroundandsocioeconomicstatusandhadasimilarlevelofeducation.（然而，作者承认，智利的这些家庭可能与其他文化背景或国籍的母亲和儿童非常不同。此外，所有被研究的家庭都来自相似的文化背景和社会经济地位，并具有相似的教育水平）可知，这项研究的作者们认为这些研究发现可能不是很具有代表性。故选C。

（4）标题归纳题。根据全文内容，结合第二段第一句Researchersfoundthatsignsofdepressioninmomswhenthechildisoneareassociatedwithlowerscoresoncognitivefunctiontestsforthechildatage16.（研究人员发现，孩子一岁时母亲的抑郁症状与孩子16岁时的认知功能测试得分较低有关）以及第四段最后一句Ourstudyresultsshowthelong-termconsequencesthatachildcanexperienceduetolong-termmothers'depression.（我们的研究结果表明，母亲长期抑郁会给孩子带来长期的影响）可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究结果，母亲的抑郁症会影响到孩子的智商，这种影响一直会持续到他们进入青春期，故B项"母亲的抑郁症对孩子的影响"为最佳标题。A．Adolescents'ConfusioninChile智利青少年的困惑；B．ImpactofMothers'DepressiononKids母亲抑郁症对孩子的影响；C．SignificanceofIQinKids'AcademicTests智商在儿童学业测试中的重要性；D．MaternalDepressionandKids'CognitiveTestScores母亲抑郁和孩子的认知测试成绩。故选B。

这是一篇说明文，研究发现，母亲的抑郁症会影响到孩子的智商，这种影响一直会持续到他们进入青春期。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

8~11.【答案】C、C、A、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句ElNinoseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround.（厄尔尼诺现象表明，当通常向西吹的风减弱，或者有时相反时，西太平洋多年来收集的暖水就会向东回流。）可知厄尔尼诺现象见证了海洋中水流方向的变化。故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段第二句RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNino，onbalance，thantheylose.（富有国家从厄尔尼诺现象中得到的好处多于它带来的损失。）可知，厄尔尼诺会使受其影响的富国的收益大于它们的损失。故选C。

（3）推理判断题。根据第四段第三句AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute（ODI），however，just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance，ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.（然而，根据海外发展研究所（ODI）的数据，在过去20年中，只有12%的救灾资金用于提前降低风险，而不是事后的恢复和重建。）可知，ODI在第四段中提供的数据表明，应该对减少风险进行更多的投资。故选A。

（4）目的意图题。根据最后一句SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino，reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.（由于最贫穷的人最不可能弥补他们在厄尔尼诺相关灾害中的损失，减少他们的损失需要成为优先事项。）可知，作者写这篇文章的意图是敦促人们为厄尔尼诺做好准备。故选B。

本文是一篇说明文，介绍了厄尔尼诺现象对地球的影响，并告诉我们政府应该做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺的危害而不是在出现问题以后进行重新补救和恢复。

做这类题材的阅读理解时要求考生对文章先通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上进行合理地分析，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

12~16.【答案】A、F、D、E、B【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据空前Lookingforawaytobehappier？Areyouseekingdeeperconnectionswithfriendsorlookingformorefriends？（正在寻找一种让自己更快乐的方法？你是在寻求与朋友之间更深层次的联系，还是在寻找更多的朋友？）以及空后Tryalittlecompassion.（尝试一点同情心。）可知，空后提供了上文问题的解决方法，由此推断空处为疑问句。A选项"想更好地与他人相处？"内容上和上文"寻找更多的朋友保持一致？"形式上为疑问句形式，符合语境。故选A项。

（2）细节理解题。根据空前Thecompassionatetendtohavedeeperconnectionswithothersandhavemorefriends，whoaremoreforgivingandhaveastrongersenseoflifepurpose.Thecompassionatealsotendtobehappier，healthier，moreself-confident，andlessself-critical.（富有同情心的人与其他人有更深的联系，也会有更多的朋友，朋友也会更有连接新，并有生活的目的。富有同情心的人也会人往往更快乐，更健康，更自信，更少自我批评。）可知，空前主要说明了富有同情心的人的好处，F选项"因此，同情心也有直接的个人利益。"空前说明具体的好处，本空得出结果，有直接的个人利益，符合语境。故选F项。

（3）细节理解题。根据空前Allyouneedisaquietplace.（你只需要一个安静的地方。）以及下文Focusonyourbreathandtrytoclearyourmind.Thenmentallyfocusonyourheartareaandthinkaboutsomeoneyoufeeltendernesstoward.（专注于呼吸，试着理清思绪。然后在心里把注意力集中在你的心脏部位，想一个你感到温柔的人。）可知，本段主要讲述的是如何练习富有同情心。而空前则建议读者找到一个安静的地方。D选项"在那个安静的空间里，坐到一个舒适的位置。"延续上文内容，同时引出下文，符合语境。故选D项。

（4）推理判断题。根据上文Thenmentallyfocusonyourheartareaandthinkaboutsomeoneyoufeeltendernesstoward.Thiscouldbeyourfriendoryourfamily.（然后在心里把注意力集中在你的心脏部位，想一个你感到温柔的人。这可能是你的朋友或家人。）可知，作者建议读者想一个让你感到温柔的人，有可能是朋友或家人。而空后Astimeallows，addmorepeopletothatcircle.

（如果时间允许，把更多的人加入那个圈子。）则建议读者想象更多温暖的人。E选项"然后将这种感觉扩展到自己和他人身上。"承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。

（5）推理判断题。根据下文Compassionhelpsyourbrainbecomemoreflexible，andletsyourbrainhaveawidersenseofwhat'sgoingon，anditgivesyouaccesstomoreideasonhowtoact.（同情帮助你的大脑变得更灵活，让你的大脑对正在发生的事情有更广泛的感觉，它让你获得更多关于如何行动的想法。）可知，这里讲述的是同情心对大脑的影响。B选项"这部分是因为它改变了你的大脑。"与下文内容一致，符合语境。故选B项。

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种能够帮助自己更快乐的方法--多一点同情心。

技巧：①通读全文，了解文章大意；②细读七个选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词，分析选项间的逻辑关系；③根据文章整体结构、具体内容，结合关键词，选出最佳选项；④将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点查看逻辑关系和关联结构是否合理。

17~31.【答案】A、C、B、C、D、B、D、A、D、C、A、B、D、B、D【解析】（1）考查形容词及语境理解。A．deep深的；B．fresh新鲜的；C．shallow肤浅的；D．smooth平滑的。根据下句looked

around

nervously.可知她深吸了几口气，紧张地环顾四周。故选A。

（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.taste味道；B.act行为；C.feel感觉，感受；D.movement动作。句意：这是一个喜欢水在她的胳膊和腿周围流动的感觉的女孩，直到最近才开始练习水下游泳，并且抓住每一个机会在水里度过时间。根据空后"water

flowing

around

her

arms

and

legs"可知，Tina喜欢水在四肢周围流动的感觉，故选C。

（3）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.passing

on传递；B.working

on从事，致力于；C.looking

on旁观；D.counting

on期望，指望。句意：这是一个喜欢水在她的胳膊和腿周围流动的感觉的女孩，直到最近才开始练习水下游泳，并且抓住每一个机会在水里度过时间。根据语境及第四段中"She

was

going

to

take

her

first

scuba

（水肺）

diving

lesson.（她要去上她的第一堂水肺潜水课）"可知，Tina最近在努力练习潜水，work

on符合语境。故选B。

（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.special特殊的；B.lasting持续的；C.ordinary普通的；D.memorable值得纪念的。句意：但这是Tina自本该是普通的6月2日和朋友一起玩以来第一次靠近游泳池。根据下文"she

became

paralyzed"可知，6月2号那天她瘫痪了，空前的otherwise表示相反的情况，所以此处指本该是一个普通的日子，故选C。

（5）考查副词及语境理解。A.up向上；B.around在周围；C.above在上面；D.down向下。句意：就在她感到腿部疼痛90分钟后——这是脊椎中风的第一个症状——她腰部以下瘫痪了。根据下文"even

when

she'd

had

the

use

of

her

legs（甚至在她的腿还有用的时候）"可知，现在她双腿没有知觉，所以是腰部以下瘫痪。故选D。

（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.accessed访问，进入；B.attempted尝试，努力；C.accomplished完成；D.demanded要求。句意：现在她要尝试一件即使双腿还能用的时候也从未尝试过的事情：她要去上她的第一堂水肺潜水课。此处和动词try同义，表示"她要尝试一件从未尝试过的事情"，故选B。

（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.catch抓住；B.hold握住；C.throw扔；D.lower降低，把……放低。句意：Tina的父亲Dennis

Fisher滑进游泳池，帮助职业治疗师Kaitlin

Macdonald把女儿放进水里。根据语境及空后"into

the

water"可知，此处指父亲帮助职业治疗师把女儿放低，进入水里，故选D。

（8）考查副词及语境理解。A.back向后，在背面；B.aside在旁边；C.over翻转，从一侧到另一侧；D.beneath在下面。句意：她向后靠躺着，把头靠在水面上，闭上眼睛，短暂地待了一会儿。根据空后"rested

her

head

on

the

surface"可知，此处指她向后靠躺着休息了一会儿，故选A。

（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.fixed安装，修理；B.opened打开；C.rolled

翻滚，滚动；D.closed关闭，闭上。句意：她向后靠躺着，把头靠在水面上，闭上眼睛，短暂地待了一会儿。结合语境可知，Tina是闭上眼睛休息一会，故选D。

（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.upset使烦恼，使心烦意乱；B.sob抽噎，啜泣；C.smile微笑；D.disappoint使失望。句意：然后她做了一件使Macdonald微笑的事。根据下文"Tina

was

moving

her

right

leg（Tina在移动她的右腿）"可知，Tina的腿有了反应，故这是一件让Macdonald高兴的事，故选C。

（11）考查固定短语及语境理解。A.no

more

than至多，仅仅，只不过；B.much

more

than比……多得多；C.no

less

than不低于；D.not

less

than不少于。句意：它不过几英寸，但Tina的大脑在告诉她的腿做什么，她的腿正在做出反应。根据空后"a

few

inches"及转折词but可知，虽然只不过是几英寸，但这也足以说明她的腿能够做出反应，故选A。

（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.reflecting反射；B.responding作出反应，响应；C.resisting抵制；D.returning返回。句意：它不过几英寸，但Tina的大脑在告诉她的腿做什么，她的腿正在做出反应。根据上文"Tina

was

moving

her

right

leg

（Tina正在移动她的右腿）"可知，Tina的腿有了反应，故选B。

（13）考查连词及语境理解。A.so所以；B.and和，并且；C.for因为；D.although尽管。句意：MacDonald说："很多时候，我们首先会在水中看到运动，这意味着我们可以在那里建立能力，尽管它仍然很弱。"结合前后句意可知，此处表示让步关系，故选D