初中英语被动语态讲解

舒命题趋势被动语态是各地中考必考知识点之一，考查内容主要是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时的被动语态以及含有情态动词的被动语态。考查题型主要是选择题、词汇运用和翻译句子等。预计2021年对被动语态的考查重在适当语境中运用被动语态；动词填空完成句子等主要以动词的被动语态为主。彎考点梳理一、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词〃构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规那么与be作为连系动词时完全一样。现以动词ask,主语第一人称为例，将各种时态的被动语态的肯定式、否认式及疑问式列出如下：一般现在时:Iamasked...Iamnotasked...AmIasked...一般过去时:Iwasasked...Iwasnotasked...WasIasked...一般将来时:Iwillbeasked...lwon'tbeasked...Willyoubeasked...现在完成时:Ihavebeenasked...lhaven'tbeenasked...Haveyoubeenasked...现在进行时：lambeingasked...lamnotbeingasked...Areyoubeingasked...含有情态动词：lmaybeasked...lmaynotbeasked...MayIbeasked...案例①（2021•浙江金华•28）Luckily,theoldlady tohospitalimmediatelyaftershefelldowntotheground.sent B.issentC.wassent D.sends【解析】此题考查被动语态的用法。句意为：幸运的是，那个老太太摔倒在地上后立刻 医院。A—般过去时；B—般现在时的被动语态；C一般过去时的被动语态；D—般现在时。根据句意可知是被送到医院，用被动语态，排除A和D;结合felldown可知要用一般过去时态。【答案】C② （2021•江苏镇江•12）一Don'tforgettocometoourschoolassembly（集会）tomorrowmorning.一lwon't.l justnow.A.reminded B.wasremindedC.reported D.wasreported【解析】此题考查被动语态的用法。句意为：——不要忘了参加明天早上参加我们学校的集会。——不会的，我刚刚才被提醒。根据语境可知此处是被提醒，所以句子要用被动语态。remind提醒；report报道。【答案】B二、 被动语态的用法当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时。如：Thisjacketismadeofcotton.这件夹克衫是棉制的。Thiskindofbicycleisnotsoldinourshop.我们商店里不卖这种自行车。三、 短语动词的被动语态短语动词改为被动语态时，相当于及物动词，此时不能分开使用。如：WeputonanEnglishplayintheschoolhall.TAnEnglishplaywasputonintheschoolhall.Theytakegoodcareofthechildreninthisschool.TThechildrenaretakengoodcareofinthisschool.不能用于被动语态的短语动词常见的有：belongto属于；agreewith意见一致;takeplace发生；takepartin参加；breakdown发生故障；breakout战争/疾病爆发等。如：Hebelongstothisschool.他是这个学校的学生。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.我的家乡发生了很大的变化。Thecarbrokedownonmywaytothecity.小轿车在去城里的路上出了故障。ThefirstWaroftheWorldbrokeoutin1914.第一次世界大战是在1914年爆发的。四、 双宾语的被动语态把带双宾语的主动句改为被动语态时,通常把指人的间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,保存指物的直接宾语。如：Heoftentellsusstories.TWeareoftentoldstoriesbyhim.TStoriesareoftentoldusbyhim.他经常给我们讲故事。如果用指物的宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常在指人的宾语前加介词to或for。与to搭配的动词常见的有:give,show,bring,lend,send等；与for搭配的动词常见的有:buy,make,draw等。如：Hegavemeabook.他给我一本书。TAbookwasgiventomebyhim.(强调book)TIwasgivenabookbyhim.(强调me)Sheshowedmeherphoto.她把她的照片给我看一看。THerphotowasshowedtome.Mothermademeabigcake.妈妈给我做了一块大蛋糕。TAbigcakewasmadeformebymymother.五、 带宾语补足语的被动语态含宾语补足语的句子,宾语改为被动语态的主语后,宾语补足语作为主语补足语,原来的位置不变。如:Peoplekeepfoodandvegetablescoldinthefridge.人们用冰箱使食物和蔬菜保鲜。TFoodandvegetablesarekeptcoldinthefridge.使用被动语态注意点:动词不定式作宾语补足语时，有的带to,有的不带to。改为被动语态时，不带to的不定式必须加上to。常见的及物动词有:see,watch,make,hear等。如：Isawhimwalkinthestreet.我看见他在街道上散步的。THewasseentowalkinthestreetbyme.动词等后面跟复合宾语时，改为被动句时，有两种形式。如：Iknowhimtobehonest.我知道他是老实的。THeisknowntobehonest.TItisknownthatheishonest.Wethoughthimtobeacleaverboy.我们认为他是一个聪明的孩子。THewasthoughttobeacleverboy.TItwasthoughtthathewasacleverboy.动词want,like,help等后面跟复合宾语时，主动句不能改为被动句。如：Iwantyoutogowithme.我想要你和我一起去。Heoftenhelpsmetodomylessons.他经常帮我做功课。六、 主动形式被动意义英语中,有些动词,形式上是主动结构,意义上却相当于被动结构。如：Thiskindofclotheswashesverywell.这种衣服很好洗。Thispenwritesquitesmoothly.这钢笔写起来很流利。Ipaidallthatwasowing.所欠的钱我都还了。在动词need,require,want等后面跟动名词作宾语时，表示被动意义。如：Yourcoatneedswashing.（二tobewashed）你的外衣需洗一洗。Thoseroomsrequirecleaning.（二toberequired）那些房间需要清扫。案例①（2021•湖北遂宁•1分）一FoodSafetyisveryimportant.一Sosomerules tostoppeoplefrompollutingfood.A.mustmake B.mustbemademustmade D.bemade【解析】此题考查情态动词的被动语态。当动作的承受者作主语时，要用被动语态，不定式必须加to。因为句子的主语是动词make的宾语，应该用被动语态。又因为情态动词的被动语态的构成是“情态动词+be+过去分词〃。【答案】B② （2021•浙江嘉兴、舟山・24・1分）一Tellmeone-thingyou'reproudofinyourjuniorhighschool,Tony.一I ascaptainoftheschoolfootballteam.A.choose B.choseC.amchosen D.waschosen【解析】考查动词语态。choose一般现在时态的主动结构；chose—般过去时态的主动结构；amchosen一般现在时态的被动结构；waschosen一般过去时态的被动结构。根据choose理解答语意思：我被推选当学校足球队队长。由此可知，该句主语是谓语动词的承受者，应使用被动语态，排除A、B;同时根据上句得知，这里指过去在初中引以为傲的事情，因此应使用一般过去时态表达。【答案】D 働真题探究 例1被动语态和主动语态的选择。（2021•福建漳州・41）一Climatechange mainlybytoomuchCOintheair.2—SoIthinkthekeyistoproduceelectricitywithoutcreatingCO.2A.iscausedB.causedC.causes【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。由介词by判断，该句应该用被动语态。句意：气候变化是由空气中太多的二氧化碳引起的。【答案】A（2021•辽宁丹东•37）一DidyougotoLinda'sbirthdayparty，Jill?—No.I .A.didn'tinviteB.wasn'tinvitedC.amnotinvitedD.haven'tinvited【解析】此题考查被动语态的用法。疑问句是询问Jill是否参加琳达的生日聚会，应答句的主语是动作的承受者，应该用被动语态。又因聚会已结束，未被邀请也是发生在过去。【答案】B例2动词被动语态的运用。（2021•陕西•1分）一Everydaymuchwater inourschool.Weshouldsaveit.A.iswasted B.wastesC.waswasted D.wasted【解析】此题考查一般现在时态被动语态的用法。句子的主语是动作的承受者，“浪费大量的水〃应该用被动语态。从该句中的时间状语Everyday判断，该句应该用一般现在时态。【答案】A丸强化精练一、单项选择1.一Haveyoufinishedyourproject?一Notyet.I'llfinishitifI tenmoreminutes.A.give B.amgiven

C.D.2.A.willgiveThelovelypostcardssendwillbegiventoAnnlastweek.B.sentC.weresentD.havesent3.—Susan,whyare—I'msorry,butA.wasn'ttoldC.didn'ttell4.A.It'llbegreatinviteC.willinvite5.ThepetdogisA.treatsC.istreated6.LookatourA.builtC.isbuilt7.A.C.8.A.C.youstillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.whentostart.B.don'tD.haven'honourifItellttoldB.aminvitedtothecharityeveningpartynextweek.D.willbeinvited.warmandloving.ItB.treatedD.wastreatednewschool.ItB.wasbuiltD.willbebuiltasadaughterofmyfamily.lastyear.AlthoughFlightMH370hasbeenmissingformonths,IdobelieveitwillfindwillbefoundThreebridgesbuiltB.won'D.won'overtfindtbefoundB.buildtheriverfiveD.arebuiltyearsago.somedayinthefuture.werebuilt一It'sreportedthatsomecapsules（胶囊）—Soundsterrible.9.C.D.2.A.willgiveThelovelypostcardssendwillbegiventoAnnlastweek.B.sentC.weresentD.havesent3.—Susan,whyare—I'msorry,butA.wasn'ttoldC.didn'ttell4.A.It'llbegreatinviteC.willinvite5.ThepetdogisA.treatsC.istreated6.LookatourA.builtC.isbuilt7.A.C.8.A.C.youstillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.whentostart.B.don'tD.haven'honourifItellttoldB.aminvitedtothecharityeveningpartynextweek.D.willbeinvited.warmandloving.ItB.treatedD.wastreatednewschool.ItB.wasbuiltD.willbebuiltasadaughterofmyfamily.lastyear.AlthoughFlightMH370hasbeenmissingformonths,IdobelieveitwillfindwillbefoundThreebridgesbuiltB.won'D.won'overtfindtbefoundB.buildtheriverfiveD.arebuiltyearsago.somedayinthefuture.werebuilt一It'sreportedthatsomecapsules（胶囊）—Soundsterrible.9.arereallybad assoonaspossible.ourhealth.A.to;issolvedC.to;wassolved10.LotsoftreesandHopefullytheproblem_B.for;hassolvedD.for;willbesolvedflowers onbothsidesoftheroadlastyear.Oh,beautifultheyare!A.havebeenplanted;what B.wereplanted;whatC.wereplanted;howD.havebeenplanted;what一Canyouplaythepieceofmusicforus,Cathy?一Ofcourse.It manytimes.A. teaches B. istaughtC. hasbeentaught D. taughtThiskindoffood cool,clean,anddryaccordingtotheinstructions.A. shouldbe carried B. mustbeputC. shouldbe placed D. mustbekeptLastweekendanEnglishshortplaywas intheschoolhall.A. putin B. putdownC. puton D. putupOursportsmeetinghasbeen tillnextMondaybecauseofthebadweather.A. puton B. putupC. putoff D. putdownIt'ssaidthatpetro1（石油） inlessthan100years.Soweshouldtrytowalkmoreinsteadofdrivingcars.A.usedfor B.willbeusedupC.usedup D.willbeusedfor—WhathappenedtoMrWang?—He becauseofhisdrink-driving.A.iscaughtB.wascaughtC.hascaughtD.hadcaught17.TheOlympicGamesinLondonin2021.Ihearitindifferentcountrieseveryfouryears.A.isgiven;isgivenB.washeld;isheldC.willbeheld;isheldD.willbegiven;isgiven—HowoftendoIneedtofeedthegoldenfish?一They foodeveryday,ortheywillbehungry.A. shouldgive B. shouldn't giveC. shouldbegiven D. shouldn't begivenAtlastthebabywasmade andbegantolaugh.A. stopc