2023年考研考博考博英语中南大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语中南大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Thechemicalformulaofdeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)isnowwellestablished.Themoleculeisaverylongchain,thebackboneofwhichconsistsofaregularalternationofsugarandphosphategroups.Toeachsugarisattachedanitrogenousbase,whichcanbeoffourdifferenttypes.Twoofthepossiblebases—adenineandguanine—arepurines,andtheothertwo—thymineandcytosine—arepyrimidines.Soareasisknown,thesequenceofbasesalongthechainisirregular.Themonomerunit,consistingofphosphate,sugarandbase,isknownasanucleotide.Thefirstfeatureofourstructurewhichisofbiologicalinterestisthatitconsistsnotofonechain,butoftwo.Thesetwochainsarebothcoiledaroundacommonfiberaxis.Ithasoftenbeenassumedthatsincetherewasonlyonechaininthechemicalformulatherewouldonlybeoneinthestructuralunit.However,thedensity,takenwiththeX-rayevidence,suggestsverystronglythattherearetwo.Theotherbiologicallyimportantfeatureisthemannerinwhichthetwochainsareheldtogether.Thisisdonebyhydrogenbondsbetweenthebases.Thebasesarejoinedtogetherinpairs,asinglebasefromonechainbeinghydrogen-bondedtoasinglebasefromtheother.Theimportantpointisthatonlycertainpairsofbaseswillfitintothestructure.Onememberofapairmustbeapurineandtheotherapyrimidineinordertobridgebetweenthetwochains.Ifapairconsistedoftwopurines,forexample,therecouldnotberoomforit.Webelievethatthebaseswillbepresentalmostentirelyintheirmostprobableforms.Ifthisistrue,theconditionsforforminghydrogenbondsaremorerestrictive,andtheonlypairsofbasespossibleare:adeninewiththymine,andguaninewithcytosine.Adenine,forexample,canoccuroneitherchain;butwhenitdoes,itspartnerontheotherchainmustalwaysbethymine.Thephosphate-sugarbackboneofourmodeliscompletelyregular,butanysequenceofthepairsofbasescanfitintothestructure.Itfollowsthatinalongmoleculemanydifferentpermutationsarepossible,anditthereforeseemslikelythattheprecisesequenceofbasesisthecodewhichcarriesthegeneticalinformation.Iftheactualorderofthebasesononeofthepairofchainsweregiven,onecouldwritedowntheexactorderofthebasesontheotherone,becauseofthespecificpairing.Thus,onechainis,asifwere,thecomplementoftheother,anditisthisfeaturewhichsuggestshowthedeoxyribonucleicacidmoleculemightduplicateitself.1.Theauthorsusetheword“backbone”(underlinedin1thand5thparagraphs)toindicatethat（

）.2.Inthesecondparagraph,whatdotheauthorsclaimtobeafeatureofbiologicalinterest?3.Basedonthepassage,theauthors’statement“Ifapairconsistedoftwopurines,forexample,therewouldnotberoomforit”(italicized)impliesthatpair（

）.

4.Theauthors9useofthewords“exact,”“specific,”and“complement”blackenedinthefinalparagraphfunctionsmainlyto（

）.问题1选项A.onlyverylongchainsofDNAcanbetakenfromanorganismwithaspinalcolumnB.themainstructureofachaininaDNAmoleculeiscomposedofrepeatingunitsC.achaininaDNAmoleculeconsistsentirelyofphosphategroupsorofsugars.D.nitrogenousbasesformthemainstructuralunitofDNA问题2选项A.DNAconsistingoftwochains.B.Thecommonfiberaxis.C.TheX-rayevidence.D.ThechemicalformulaofDNA问题3选项A.ofpurineswouldbelargerthanthespacebetweenasugarandaphosphategroupB.ofpurineswouldbelargerthanapairconsistingofapurineandapyrimidineC.ofpyrimidineswouldbelargerthanapairofpurinesD.consistingofapurineandapyrimidinewouldbelargerthanapairofpyrimidine问题4选项A.confirmthatthenucleotidesequencesareknownformostmoleculesofDNAB.countertheclaimthatthesequencesofbasesalongachaincanoccurinanyorderC.supporttheclaimthatthephosphate-sugarbackboneoftheauthor’smodeliscompletelyregularD.emphasizehowonechainofDNAmayserveastemplatetobecopiedduringDNAreplication2.单选题Iwasgladwhensomebodytoldme,“YoumaygoandcollectNegrofolklore.”Inaway,itwouldnotbeanew（1）forme.WhenIpitchedheadforemostintothe（2）

IlandedinthecribofNegroism.Itwas（3）melikeatightchemise.Icouldn'tseeitfor（4）

it.ItwasonlywhenIwasoffincollege,awayfrommynativesurroundingsthatIcould（5）offandlookatmygarment.ThenIhadtohavethespy-glassofanthropologyto（6）

.IwasaskedwhereI（7）

toworkandIsaid,“lorida.It’saplacethat（8）

people——Negroesfrom（9）

SouthernstateandsomefromtheNorthandWest.”（10）

Iknewthatitwaspossibleformetogeta

（11）sectionoftheNegroSouthinonestate.AndthenI

（12）

thatIfeltnewmyself,soitlooked（13）

formetochoosefamiliarground.IstartedinEatonville,Florida,（14）

Iknewthatthetownwasfullof（15）

andthatIcouldgetitwithoutcausinganyhurtorharm.AsearlyasIcouldremember,itwasthehabitofthemenparticularlyto（16）

onthestoreporchintheeveningsandswapstories.Eventhewomenwouldstopandbreaka（17）

withthemattimes.AsachildwhenIwassentdowntothestore,I'ddragoutmyleavingtohearmore.Folkloreisnotaseasyto

（18）

asitsounds.Theidealsourceiswheretherearethefewestoutside

（19）

，butthesepeoplearereluctantattimestorevealthatwhichthesoullivesby.IknewthatevenIwouldhavesome（20）

amongstrangers.ButhereinEatonvilleIkneweverybodywasgoingtohelpme.问题1选项A.investigationB.prospectC.fieldD.experience问题2选项A.earthB.worldC.sphereD.category问题3选项A.fittingB.counterfeitC.correctionD.correlation问题4选项A.wearingB.wornC.wearD.takingoff问题5选项A.counterpartB.pointC.standD.partner问题6选项A.lookintoB.lookaheadC.lookwithD.lookthrough问题7选项A.attemptedB.wantedC.desiredD.wished问题8选项A.drawsB.disrespectsC.matchesD.gathers问题9选项A.everyB.someC.severalD.quitemany问题10选项A.HeretoB.HenceC.ThusD.So问题11选项A.aroundB.crossC.aboutD.above问题12选项A.practicedB.realizedC.trainedD.operated问题13选项A.sensibleB.managedC.trainedD.suggest问题14选项A.sinceB.whereasC.beneathD.because问题15选项A.materialB.matterC.substanceD.object问题16选项A.manageB.sumupC.reserveD.gather问题17选项A.breathB.swallowC.breadthD.behind问题18选项A.surveyB.collectC.collaborationD.alteration问题19选项A.hindsB.effectsC.impactsD.influences问题20选项A.hindranceB.speedC.driveD.holdon3.单选题TheFrenchandtheAmericanshaveaverydifferentrelationshiptomoney,（

）andostentation.问题1选项A.obnoxiousB.obfuscateC.optimumD.opulence4.单选题Whereashistoriansoncemaintainedthatscienceis（

）otherenterprises,theyhavecometorealizethatscienceisactuallyintertwinedwiththevalues,socialassumptions,andintellectualtraditionsofaparticularhistoricalperiod.问题1选项A.dependentonB.tantamounttoC.ancillarytoD.distinctfrom5.单选题Despiteatendencytobeovertly（

），thepoetryoftheMiddleAgesoftensparkstheimaginationandprovideslivelyentertainment,aswellaspioussentiments.问题1选项A.divertingB.didacticC.whimsicalD.romantic6.单选题AlthoughthemembersofCongresswantedtogohome,nohopeforanearly（

）couldbeentertained.问题1选项A.postponementB.adjournmentC.adjustmentD.compromise7.单选题AlthoughthefeedingactivitiesofwhalesandwalrusesgivetheseaflooroftheBeringShelfadevastatedappearance,theseactivitiesseemtobeactually（

）tothearea,enhancingitsproductivity.问题1选项A.destructiveB.rehabilitativeC.beneficialD.detrimental8.单选题Beforeabout1960,virtuallyallaccountsofevolutionassumedmostadaptationtobeaproductofselectionatthelevelofpopulations;recentstudiesofevolution,however,havefoundnobasisforthis（

）viewofselection.问题1选项A.controversialB.pervasiveC.unchallengedD.renowned9.单选题Therearesomepeoplewhowilluseanykindofargument,nomatterhowillogical,solongastheycan（

）anopponent.问题1选项A.rebuttalB.disputewithC.scoreoffD.scornwith10.单选题Thereseemstobeno（

）thereadingpublic’sthirstforbooksaboutthe1960’s；indeed,thenormallevelofinteresthasincreasedrecentlybecauseofaspateofpopulartelevisiondocumentaries.问题1选项A.slakingB.referenceC.decorationD.soporific11.单选题Blusterywindsknockedoffhatsandrattledwindows,andtheadventurousboyswere（

）.问题1选项A.terrifiedB.delightedC.exclamatoryD.deceitful12.单选题Indeed,withcomputersasbasicasaMacintosh,producerscanwritescripts,budgetproductionsand（

）schedulesandlocationsallonthesamemachine.问题1选项A.keepupwithB.keeptrackofC.keepabreastwithD.keepawayfrom13.单选题Totestthe（

）ofborrowingfromonefieldofstudytoenrichanother,simplyinvestigatetheextenttowhichtermsfromtheonemay,withoutforcing,beutilizedbytheother.问题1选项A.efficacyB.universalityC.decorumD.rate14.单选题Theteamshouldhaveprojectedtroubleaheadwhentheroad（

）intoagravelpath.问题1选项A.interrogatedB.dwindledC.transformedD.collapsed15.单选题Ourbiologicaluniquenessrequiresthattheeffectsofasubstancemustbeverifiedby（

）experiments,evenafterthousandsoftestsoftheeffectsofthatsubstanceonanimals.问题1选项A.evolutionaryB.humanC.randomD.replicated16.单选题（

）atamusicstorewasoneofLilArmstrong’sfirstprofessionaljobsasayoungpianistwhenshecametoChicagoin1917.问题1选项A.DemonstrationtunesB.DemonstratingtunesC.DemonstratetunesD.Tunesthatdemonstrated17.单选题Inthemidstofsomanyevasivecomments,thisforthrightstatement,whateveritsintrinsicmerit,plainlystandsoutas（

）.问题1选项A.ananomalyB.aprofundityC.aparadigmD.amisnomer18.单选题Intheseventeenthcentury,peoplebelievedthatmaggotscamefromdecayingthings.ButFrancescoRedi,ascientist,couldnotbelievethis.“Howcouldlivingthingscomefromdealthings?”heasked.Redibegantobelievethatallwormsfoundinthemeatwerederivedfromthedroppingsofflies,andnotfromthedecayingmeat.This,ofcourse,wasaguessandnotaconclusion.Scientistscallagoodguesslikethisa“workinghypothesis”becauseitgivesthescientistanideaofhowandwheretostarthiswork.ThenRedibegantogatherandrecordfactstofindoutifhishypothesiswascorrect.Hedidthisbycarryingoutmanyexperiments,whichweredesignedtohelphimgetthefactsheneeded.Redipreparedthreejarswithapieceofmeatineach.Heleftoneopen;anotherwascoveredwithcheesecloth;andthethirdwasairtight.Heobservednotonce,butmanytimes,thatthefliesflewtotheopenjarandlaidtheireggsonthemeat.Theseeggshatchedintomaggots.Fliesalsoflewtothejarcoveredwithcheesecloth,althoughtheycouldnotgetintothejartolaytheireggsonthemeat.Fliesrarelyflewtotheairtightjar.Frommanysuchobservations,Rediconcludedthatmaggotscamefromflies’eggsandnotfromthemeat.Rediwasnotsatisfiedwithdoingjustoneexperiment,Rather,heperformedthisexperimentmanytimesbeforearrivingathisconclusion.Inthism“”annerheeliminatedthepossibilitythathisresultswereduetochance(luck).1.InhisexperimentRedileftonejaropen（

）.2.Accordingtothepassage,anessentialpartofproperscientificexperimentalprocedureisto（

）.

3.WhatwouldscientistRediprobablycommentonthetheorythatlifeonEarthevolvedfrombasicchemicalspresentintheEarth’sprimitiveatmosphereandseas?4.Accordingtothepassage,thesignificancea“workinghypothesis”isthatit（

）.问题1选项A.becausehehadrunoutoflidsandcheeseclothB.sothattheflieswouldhaveaccesstothemeatC.accidentallyD.onlyonce问题2选项A.watcheverythingthathappenstolivingcreaturesB.ensurethatmanyvarietiesofasubstanceareusedC.varytheexperimentalconditionstoguaranteegoodresultsD.performnumeroustrialstoreducetheintrusionofrandomeffects问题3选项A.Thetheorywasver’reasonable.B.Suchdevelopmentsarehighlyunlikely.C.Othertheoriesofcreationwerepossible.D.Moredataisneededtotestthetruthofthishypothesis.问题4选项A.givesthe“scientistsomething”toplaywithinhismindB.providesamodelofthetrueuniverseC.allowsusefulstructuringofexperimentsD.providesemploymentforscientists19.单选题（

）,thefactorieshadnotclosed,andthosewhoneededworkmostweregivenachancetosurviveduringtheeconomicdisaster.问题1选项A.BlithelyB.MercifullyC.GlamorouslyD.Importunately20.单选题Whenpeoplearehappy,theytendtogive（

）interpretationsofeventstheywitness:theeyeofthebeholderiscoloredbytheemotionsofthebeholder.问题1选项A.charitableB.elaborateC.conscientiousD.coherent第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。由第一段中Themoleculeisaverylongchain,thebackboneofwhichconsistsofaregularalternationofsugarandphosphategroups.DNA分子是一个非常长的链条，其支柱由糖和磷酸基有规律的交替组合构成。与第五段中Thephosphate-sugarbackboneofourmodeliscompletelyregular,butanysequenceofthepairsofbasescanfitintothestructure.我们人类的DNA分子模式的磷酸糖支柱完全是有规律的，不过成对的含氮碱基的任何排序都可以纳入该结构。可知与B选项对应。2.细节事实题。定位到第二段中的“Thefirstfeatureofourstructurewhichisofbiologicalinterestisthatitconsistsnotofonechain,butoftwo.”在生物学研究方面我们人类DNA结构令人感兴趣的第一个特征是它由两个链条而不是一个链条组成。可知与A项对应。3.判断推理题。从第三段中“Thebasesarejoinedtogetherinpairs,asinglebasefromonechainbeinghydrogen-bondedtoasinglebasefromtheother.Theimportantpointisthatonlycertainpairsofbaseswillfitintothestructure.Onememberofapairmustbeapurineandtheotherapyrimidineinordertobridgebetweenthetwochains.”这些碱基成对地联结在一起，一条链上的一个碱基与另一条链上的一个碱基氢键连接。重要的一点是，只有某些对碱基才能适合这个结构。一对中的一个成员必须是嘌呤，另一个是嘧啶，以架起两个链之间的沟通桥梁。可知B项“由嘌呤和嘧啶组成的比一对嘧啶大”正确。4.推理判断题。A项“证实大多数DNA分子的核苷酸序列是已知的”；B项“反对这样一种说法，即沿着链的碱基序列可以以任何顺序出现”；C项“支持作者模型的磷酸盐-糖骨架是完全规则的这一说法”；D项“强调一条DNA链是如何在DNA复制过程中作为模板被复制的”定位到最后一段中“...itisthisfeaturewhichsuggestshowthedeoxyribonucleicacidmoleculemightduplicateitself.正是这种特征表明脱氧核糖核酸分子（DNA）可以自我复制。”可知D项正确。2.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:C第6题:D第7题:C第8题:A第9题:A第10题:D第11题:B第12题:B第13题:A第14题:D第15题:A第16题:D第17题:A第18题:B第19题:D第20题:A【解析】（1）考查名词词义辨析。investigation调查；prospect前途，前景；field领域；experience经历。由collectNegrofolklore可知这是一种经历。故答案为D。（2）考查名词词义辨析。earth地球；sphere范围，球体；category种类，分类；world领域，世界。此处意为：研究关于黑人这个领域的东西，所以空格处应填B项。（3）考查名词词义辨析。由likeatightchemise：如同一件紧身衣一样可知这个领域对我来说是合适的。counterfeit假冒的；correction改正，修正；correlation相关，关联。答案A。（4）考查词义及词组辨析。上一句提到紧身衣，衣服是用来穿的，而不是用来看的。可以得出A项正确。答案A。（5）考查固定搭配。standoff远离；counterpart副本，配对物；pointoff给······加小数点；partneroff使成为一对。只有C项符合语义。答案C。（6）考查词组辨析。lookinto调查，窥视；lookahead预测未来；lookthrough浏览，仔细观看。由spy-glass可知它是用来观察事物的，所以答案为D。（7）考查动词词义辨析。desire强调主观愿望，想尽力去实现的愿望。wish一般用于难以实现或不可能实现的愿望，后面常接虚拟语气。want想······比较口语化，没有wish那样正式。attempt尝试。所以只有C项最符合题意。答案C。（8）考查固定搭配。draw..from从······中得到，从······提取disrespect无礼，失礼match和······相配gather聚集。答案A。（9）固定搭配。句中state用的是单数形式，所以要用表示单数意义的词来修饰，故A项正确，答案A。（10）考查连词词义辨析。开头两句相当于在说明原因，接下来的内容就是结果，所以选择D。hereto到此为止。答案D。（11）考查名词和介词词义辨析。由第二段前两句可知佛罗里达是一个吸引来自南北部及西部黑人的地方，所以作者也觉得自己处于一个交叉区域。答案B。（12）考查动词词义辨析。因为对黑人有一定的了解，意识到自己是个全新的自己。答案B。（13）考查形容词及动词词义辨析。感觉到自己的思想已经进步了，就应当做出明智的选择，选择自己熟悉的地方。sensible明智的；managed托管的；trained训练过的；suggest提议。答案A。（14）考查连词辨析。because语气最强，表示直接原因；since由于，自······以来，是对已知的事实提供理由，而不是表示直接原因。whereas然而，但是。beneath在······之下，在下方。这里是说作者为什么选择佛罗里达州，故答案为D。（15）考查名词词义辨析。material材料，原料matter物质，事件substance特质，实质object目标，物体空格处是说佛罗里达有很多原料。答案A。（16）考查动词及词组辨析。manage管理；sumup总结；reserve储备；gatheron聚集。根据句意可知晚上人们会聚集到走廊。答案D。（17）考查固定搭配。breakabreath休息，喘口气。答案A。（18）考查名词及动词词义辨析。本句意为：民间传说并不像听起来那么容易收集。民间传说一般都是分散的，所以答案为B。（19）考查形容词及名词词义辨析。由这句话的意思“理想的民间传说来源那些对外___很小的，但这些人有时不愿透露灵魂赖以生存的东西。”由此可推知这些传说的作用/影响力很小。答案D。（20）考查名词及词组辨析。由最后一句话“ButhereinEatonvilleIkneweverybodywasgoingtohelpme.”可知以前作者对陌生人有偏见。答案A。3.【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。obnoxious讨厌的；obfuscate使模糊；optimum最佳效果；opulence富裕。句意：法国人和美国人在对待金钱，奢华，以及炫富的关系上大不相同。空格处应填入一个和money并列的名词。4.【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组辨析。dependenton依赖于；ancillaryto从属的，附属的。tantamountto等的，相当于。distinctfrom与······不同。句意：历史学家曾经坚持科学是不同于其他事业的，然而，他们开始认识到科学是和价值观、社会假设，以及一个特定历史时期的智慧传统联系在一起的。由后文中的isactuallyintertwinedwith可知空格处与这个意思相反，故答案D。5.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。diverting“有趣的；令人快乐的”；didactic“说教的；教诲的”；whimsical“古怪的；异想天开的”；romantic“浪漫的；多情的；空想的”。句意：尽管中世纪的诗歌有说教的明显倾向，但是它却经常激发想象力，提供充满生气的娱乐和虔诚的心情。由thepoetryoftheMiddleAges中世纪的诗歌可知其特点，另外由despite表让步也可知前后两句句意相反，B项符合语意。6.【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项postponement“延期，延缓”；B选项adjournment“休会；延期”；C选项adjustment“调整，调节”；D选项compromise“妥协；和解”。句意：虽然国会议员们想要回家，但不能抱着早点······的希望。国会议员们“想回家”与nohope存在对立关系，因此B选项的“休会”这一词义更符合句意。7.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。destructive“破坏的；有害的”；rehabilitative“复原的”；beneficial“有益的；有利的”；detrimental“不利的”。句意：尽管鲸和海象的觅食活动给白令海大陆架的海底带来表面上的毁坏，但是这些活动似乎在实际上对这个区域是有益的，提高了它的生产力。由enhancingitsproductivity可知C项符合语境。8.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项controversial“有争议的”；B选项pervasive“普遍的；到处渗透的”；C选项unchallenged“不成问题的；未引起争论的”；D选项renowned“著名的；有声望的”。句意：大约在1960年以前，几乎所有的进化理论都认为适应性是种群水平上的选择的结果；然而，对于这种······的选择观点，进化论的最新研究却没有找到任何依据。前部分提到“几乎所有进化理论都认为······”，可知这种观点是“普遍的”，B选项正确。9.【答案】C【解析】考查词组及名词词义辨析。rebuttal“反驳；反证”；disputewith“与······争论”；scoreoff“驳倒；挫败”；“scornwith轻蔑；嘲笑”。句意：只要能驳倒对手，有些人将会使用任何一种论点，不管该论点是多么不合逻辑的。只有C项符合题意。10.【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。slaking消散，消化；reference参考，提及；decoration装饰；soporific催眠剂。句意：阅读群众对20世纪60年代的书籍的渴望并没有减少；事实上，由于受一连串的通俗电视纪录片的影响，普遍的兴趣还增加了。根据句意及前后关系可知A项正确。11.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。terrified恐惧的；delighted高兴的，快乐的；exclamatory叫喊的；deceitful骗人的。句意：狂风吹落了帽子，震得窗户格格作响，那些大胆的孩子们觉得好玩。由theadventurousboys“喜欢冒险的孩子”可知这些孩子喜欢这样的场景，他们很开心。12.【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。Keepupwith赶得上；和······保持联系；keeptrackof记录；与······保持联系；keepabreastwith保持与······并列；不落后于；跟上；keepawayfrom远离；回避。句意：确实，随着计算机如同麦金塔电脑（苹果公司的一种个人电脑）一样简单，生产者可以在同一台计算机上编写脚本、安排生产、记录进度表和生产地点。由writescripts,budgetproductions与schedulesandlocations可知B符合。13.【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。efficacy“功效”；universality“广泛性”；decorum“礼仪”；rate“比率，速度”。句意：要想测试从一个研究领域借用过来的东西在充实其他领域的有效性，可以简单地调查一个研究领域的术语可以毫不勉强地被另一个研究领域所使用的程度。由“theextenttowhichtermsfromtheonemay,withoutforcing,beutilizedbytheother.一个研究领域的术语可以毫不勉强地被另一个研究领域所使用的程度”可知A项正确。14.【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。interrogated质问，审问；dwindled减少，缩小；transformed转换，改变；collapsed倒塌，瓦解。句意：当道路变为砂砾路时，这个团队本应该提前预测到困难。C项符合句意。15.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。evolutionary进化的，发展的；human人类的；random任意的，胡乱的；replicated重复的。句意：我们生物的唯一性要求一种物质的效用必须被人类实验所证明，甚至是在经过对该物质在动物身上千万次的试验以后。根据句意可知B项符合题意。16.【答案】B【解析】考查句子结构。句意：LilArmstrong1917年来到芝加哥时，作为年轻的钢琴家的第一份专业工作是在音乐商店里演奏曲调。空格处所填单词与后面部分一起构成名词短语做整个句子的主语。C项demonstrate是动词，不能做主语。A、D两项中tunes是复数,而谓语动词是was,故排除。17.【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：在这些闪烁其词的评论当中，这个直率的言论，不管它本身的价值如何，都非常明确的表现为一个反常的评论。anomaly异常，反常事物；profundity深刻，深度；paradigm范例；misnomer用词不当，误称。句中提到的thisforthrightstatement是众多言论中的一个，单独针对这个直率的言论，且不作任何评价，但也说明这个有与众不同的地方。故答案为A。18.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。定位到第一段：“Redibegantobelievethatallwormsfoundinthemeatwerederivedfromthedroppingsofflies,andnotfromthedecayingmeat.及第三段“Heobservednotonce,butmanytimes,thatthefliesflewtotheopenjarandlaidtheireggsonthemeat.”Redi开始相信所有在肉中发现的蠕虫都来自苍蝇的粪便，而不是腐烂的肉。他不止一次，而是很多次地观察到苍蝇飞到打开的罐子里，在肉上产卵。”与B项相符。2.判断推理题。由第三段：Heobservednotonce,butmanytimes可知D项“进行多次尝试来减少随机效应”正确。A项“观察所有发生在生物身上的事情”；B项“确保使用多种物质”；C项“改变实验条件，保证实验结果良好”；D项“进行大量试验以减少随机效应的干扰”。3.判断推理题。由“ThenRedibegantogatherandrecordfactstofindoutifhishypothesiswascorrect.Hedidthisbycarryingoutmanyexperiments,whichweredesignedtohelphimgetthefactsheneeded.以及Rediwasnotsatisfiedwithdoingjustoneexperiment,Rather,heperformedthisexperimentmanytimesbeforearrivingathisconclusion.Inthismannerheeliminatedthepossibilitythathisresultswereduetochance(luck).然后，雷迪开始收集和记录事实，以确定他的假设是否正确。他做了许多实验，目的是帮助他得到他所需要的事实。以及雷迪并不满足于做一个实验，相反，他执行这个实验多次到达他的结论。他用这种方法消除了他的结果是由于偶然（运气）的可能性。”可知Redi是一个注重过程，注重事实的科学家。故答案为D。4.判断推理题。由第一段“Scientistscallagoodguesslikethisa“workinghypothesis”becauseitgivesthescientistanideaofhowandwheretostarthiswork.科学家们称这样的猜测为“有效假说”，因为它让科学家知道如何以及从哪里开始工作。”可知A项“有效假说让科学家知道该如何开始工作”符合题意。19.【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。blithely愉快地，无忧无虑地；mercifully幸运地，宽厚地；glamorously富有魅力地；importunately“缠绕不休地”。句意：幸运的是，工厂没有倒闭，在经济灾难中那些最需要工作的人有机会生存。由句意可知B项符合题意。20.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义。charitable“慷慨的；仁慈的”；elaborate“精心制作的；详尽的”；conscientious“认真的；小心谨慎的”；coherent“一致的”。句意：人在快乐时倾向于对自己所见的事情给出仁慈的解释，即旁观者的观点被自身的情绪所影响。由theeyeofthebeholderiscoloredbytheemotionsofthebeholder可知A项符合题意。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题You（

）theclasstotellmethat:youcouldhavecomeuptomeafterwards.问题1选项A.needn’thaveinterruptedB.needn’ttobeinterruptedC.needn’ttointerruptD.needn’tinterrupt2.单选题Thepurchaseofahouseandacarhasbecomethe（

）ofthenewgenerationofwhite-collarworkers,alongwithholidaysoverseas.问题1选项A.aspirationB.inspirationC.attractionD.tenacity3.单选题BillandJackaretwins,Billpreferssocialactivitieswheneverhegetsachance,butJackdoesliketobealoneandquiet,（

）thateverybodycanperceiveit.问题1选项A.suchisthedifferenceB.withouteveryevidenceC.thatremainsquiteclearD.insuchaclearrole4.单选题Thetenaciousfamiliesfeudedforgenerations,andinimicalfeelingsarestillfixedintheir（

）.问题1选项A.generosityB.antagonismC.acceptanceD.hospitality5.单选题Whengivinganygeneraloverviewofthedevelopmentanduseofmachinetranslationsystemsandtranslationtools,itisimportanttodistinguishfourbasictypesoftranslationdemands.Thefirst,andtraditionaltypeofdemandisfortranslationsofaqualitynormallyexpectedfromhumans,i.e.，translationsofpublishablequality.ThisillustratestheuseofMTfordissemination.Ithasbeensatisfied,tosomeextent,bymachinetranslationsystemseversincetheywerefirstdevelopedinthe1960s.However,MTsystemsproduceoutputwhichmustinvariablyberevisedor“post-edited”byhumantranslatorsifitistoreachthequalityrequired.Sometimessuchrevisionmaybesubstantial,sothatineffecttheMTsystemisproducinga“draft”translation.Asanalternative,theinputtextmayberegularized(or“controlled”invocabularyandsentencestructure)sothattheMTsystemproducesfewerrorswhichhavetobecorrected.SomeMTsystemshave,however,beendevelopedtodealwithaverynarrowrangeoftextcontentandlanguagestyle,andthesemayrequirelittleornopreparationorrevisionoftexts.Thesecondbasicdemandisfortranslationsatasomewhatlowerlevelofquality,whichareintendedforuserswhowanttofindouttheessentialcontentofaparticulardocument—andgenerally,asquicklyaspossible.Thisdemand—theuseofMTforassimilation—hasbeenmetinthepastas,ineffect,aby-productofsystemsdesignedoriginallyforthedisseminationapplication.SinceMTsystemsdidnot(andstillcannot)producehighqualitytranslations,someusershavefoundthattheycanextractwhattheyneedtoknowfromtheuneditedoutput.Theywouldratherhavesometranslation,howeverpoor,thannotranslationatall.WiththecomingofcheaperPC-basedsystemsonthemarket,thistypeofusehasgrownrapidlyandsubstantially.Thethirdtypeofdemand—MTforinterchange—comesfromtheneedforimmediatetranslationinordertoconveythebasiccontentofmessages.MTsystemsarefindinga“natural”role,sincetheycanoperatevirtuallyorinfactinreal-timeandon-lineandtherehasbeenlittleobjectiontotheinevitablepoorquality,andareusefulinproducingspokenlanguagetranslations,e.g.fortelephoneconversationsandbusinessnegotiations.Theproblemsofintegratingspeechrecognitionandautomatictranslationareobviouslyhardtotackle,butprogressisneverthelessbeingmade.Inthefuture—stilldistant,perhaps—wemayexpecton-lineMTsystemsforthetranslationofspeechinhighlyrestricteddomains.Thefourthareaofapplicationisfortranslationwithinmultilingualsystemsofinformationretrieval,informationextraction,databaseaccess,etc.ThisfieldisthefocusofanumberofprojectsinEuropeatthepresenttime,whichhavetheaimofwideningaccessforallmembersoftheEuropeanUniontosourcesofdataandinformationwhateverthesourcelanguage.1.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthatinrenderingpublishabletranslationsofliteraryworks,（

）.2.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,usersofMTforassimilation（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthatwiththeprogressivesophisticationsystems,（

）.

4.Translationwithinmultilingualsystemsofinformationretrieval,etc,isnowthefocusofanumberofprojectsinEuropebecause（

）.问题1选项A.MTsystems’performanceissatisfactorytoasubstantialdegreeB.littlecouldbedonebyMTsystemsdevelopedsofarC.MTsystemscandomuchbetterthanhumantranslatorsD.considerablerevisiononMTproducedtextsisneeded问题2选项A.aregrowingfastinnumberB.complainalotaboutitspoorqualityC.cangetlittlefromtheuneditedoutputD.wouldratherhavenotranslationatall问题3选项A.onecancommunicateonthetelephonewithanotherwhospeaksadifferentlanguageB.interpreterswillnolongerbeusefulininternationalnegotiationsorconferencesC.itwillbeonlynaturalthatpeoplewillfindlittleneedtolearnaforeignlanguageD.peoplewillfindnocausetocomplainaboutthequalityoftextsturnedoutbyMTsystem问题4选项A.EuropeanshavelittledifficultyinoralcommunicationB.therearemorelanguagesspokeninEuropethaninanyotherregionsoftheworldC.thereisneedforallmembersoftheEuropeanUniontoaccessdataindifferentlanguagesD.thereislessdifficultyindevelopingMTsystemshandlinglanguagessimilartoeachother6.单选题Soilnaturallycontainsharmlessamountsoflead,alongwithothermetals.Becauseofpollution,however,theamountsarehigherthecloseryougettocitiesandtowns.Butexpertssaythisshouldnotstopgardenersfromgrowingfoodiftheytakesafetymeasures.DavidJohnsonisachemistryprofessorintheStateUniversityofNewYork’sCollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandForestry.Heexplainsthatleadcanenterthegroundfromleadedpaintandleadedfuelandfromindustry.Andonceleadgetsintothesoil,itstaysalongtime.Itremainsanenvironmentalthreatespeciallytochildren.Leadcanharmmentalandphysicaldevelopmenteveninbabiesbeforetheyareborn.Ifatestfindsthatsoilhastoomuchlead,youmightbeadvisedtoremovethesoilorcoveritwithsodgrass.Differentcountrieshavedifferentlevelsthattheyconsideracceptable.CarlRosenoftheUniversityofMinnesotaExtensionnotesthatconcernsaboutleadhaveincreasednowthatmorepeopleareplantinggardens.ButProfessorRosensaysplantsgenerallydonotabsorbmuchlead.Hesaysthereislikelymoreriskfromleaddustonplantsorfromplayinginthesoilthanfromtheplantitself.Still,someplantsdoabsorbmorethanothers.Expertssaygoodchoicesforthegardenincludetomatoes,peppers,beansandokra.Amongtheplantsthatcanabsorbmorecontaminants,theysay,arerootcrops,leafyvegetablesandherbs.Ifyougrowcarrots,forexample,youmightwanttope