2023年考研考博考博英语东北师范大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语东北师范大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Nuclearscienceshouldbedevelopedtobenefitthepeople（

）harmthem.问题1选项A.morethanB.otherthanC.betterthanD.ratherthan2.单选题Ithasoftenbeenmyfate—perhapstheexpatriate'sfateingeneral,perhapsmerelytheself-hater’s—tobeagainstthings.AsanAmerican,Ihavefrequentlyseemedanti-American;asaneducatedperson,I'moftenanti-intellectual.WhenItaughtatHarvard,Iwasanti-Harvard.Allofthosemakeme,Isuppose,arathergoodEuropean,sinceEuropeansare,atheart,suspiciousofeveryformbelonging,andgreatbelieversinthenon-conformistlife.Thesedaysmorethanever,Europeansseemtoharborimmensesuspicious,ifnotdisdain,towardtheUSasformerRussianPresidentMikhailGorbachevputitrecentlyintheWashingtonPost,“Theworlddoesn'twanttobeAmerican.”Indeed,hereinEurope,manycitizenstrembleattheverythought.Why?Aside,ofcourse,fromthefacileandone-dimensionalexplanationofjealousy,isn'ttherestofthefreeandnot-so-freeworldburstingattheseamstobelikethecitizensofthecountrythatbroughtuslife,libertyand—thatanthemofthemodemage—thepursuitofhappiness?Onereason,itoccurstome,issimpleandyetprofound;Americalackscharm.Mysister-in-law,asingleFrenchwelfaremotherwholivesinabeautifulprovincialvillagewithfourboysbetween4and18,allathome,seemstome,despiteherdifficulties,tohavemorecharminherlife—theweeklytripstothemarket,theoccasionalglassofredwine,thetiltedroofsandstonewallsofthevillageitself—thanmanyamillionaireinmygreathomestateofTexas.(Howhorrible!ThePuritanmindclaims,awelfaremotherwithaglassofwine!InFrance,however,evenwelfaremothersareentitledtotheoccasionalredwine.)Andmyimpoverishedsister-in-law,unlikesomanyofthosemillionaires,knows,inthewordsofGuydeMaupassant,how"tobecharmingwithnothingatall".1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.2.Fromthepassage,whatkindofpersoncanweassumetheauthoris?3.Accordingtotheauthor,howaretheattitudeschangingtowardsAmerica?4.Whichofthefollowingopinionscanbeinferredfromthepassage?5.WhatdoestheauthorfindmostcharmingintheFrenchvillage?问题1选项A.TheCharmingandSuspiciousEuropeansB.ACharmingFrenchWelfareMotherC.TheCharmingLifeinaFrenchVillageD.AmericaLosestheCharmWar问题2选项A.JealousB.ProfoundC.Non-conformistD.Traditional问题3选项A.Europeanshavealwaysseemedanti-American.B.EuropeansarelessagreeabletotheUnitedStates.C.EuropeansincreasinglytrytoemulateAmericanideas.D.Europeanshavetheirownstyle,sonothinghaschanged.问题4选项A.Theauthorthinks"welfaremothers"shouldneverdrinkredwine.B.Theauthorthinks"welfaremothers"shouldoccasionallydrinkredwine.C.Theauthorthinks"welfaremothers"havetherighttodrinkredwine.D.Theauthorthinksonlyrichmothershavetherighttodrinkredwine.问题5选项A.Simplethingsbutnotextravagant.B.Thepursuitofhappiness.C.Thebeautifulvillagescenery.D.Thevillagers',senseofbelonging.3.单选题Thecoursenormallyattracts20studentsperyear,（

）uptohalfwillbefromoverseas.问题1选项A.inwhichB.forwhomC.withwhichD.ofwhom4.单选题Thepublicisvery（

）aboutthegovernment’splansforataxcut.问题1选项A.susceptibleB.dubiousC.suspiciousD.deliberate5.单选题Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketopandemicflutoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears—sowhyshouldn’twe?Takeabroaderlookatourspecies’placeintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears(see“100,000AD:Livinginthedeepfuture”).LookupHomosapiensintheIUCN’s“RedList”ofthreatenedspecies,andyouwillread:"ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline.”Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganizationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundation,basedinSanFrancisco,hascreatedaforumwherethinkersandscientistsareinvitedtoprojecttheimplicationsoftheirideasoververylongtimescales.Itsflagshipprojectisamechanicalclock,burieddeepinsideamountaininTexas,thatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence.Thentherearescientistswhoaregivingseriousconsiderationtotheideathatweshouldrecognizeanewgeologicalera:theAnthropocene.They,too,arepullingthecamerarightbackandaskingwhathumanity’simpactwillbeontheplanet-inthecontextofstratigraphictime.Perhapsperversely,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday’stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit’sperhapsbestlefttoscience-fictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That’sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy:whileourspeciesmayflourish,agreatmanyindividualsmaynot.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtomitigatemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome.Thinkingaboutourplaceindeeptimeisagoodwaytofocusonthechallengesthatconfrontustoday,andtomakeafutureworthlivingin.1.Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredby（

）.2.TheIUCN“RedList”suggeststhathumanbeingsare（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph5?4.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialto（

）.

5.AWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?问题1选项A.ourdesireforfulfillmentB.ourfaithinscienceandtechnologyC.ourawarenessofpotentialrisksD.ourbeliefinequalopportunity问题2选项A.asustainedspeciesB.theworld’sdominantpowerC.athreattotheenvironmentD.amisplacedrace问题3选项A.Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies.B.Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem.C.Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise.D.OurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive.问题4选项A.exploreourplanet'sabundantresourcesB.adoptanoptimisticviewoftheworldC.drawonourexperiencefromthepastD.curbourambitiontoreshapehistory问题5选项A.UncertaintyaboutOurFutureB.EvolutionoftheHumanSpeciesC.TheEver-brightProspectsofMankindD.Science,TechnologyandHumanity6.单选题Thereareasgoodfishinthesea（

）evercameoutofit.问题1选项A.thanB.likeC.asD.so7.单选题

（

）youcomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.问题1选项A.HadB.ifC.whenD.should8.单选题Itwaslastnight（

）

Iseethecomet.问题1选项A.thetimeB.whenC.thatD.whichv9.单选题ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”GiovanniPannigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.”1.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that（

）.2.Thephrase“flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto（

）.

3.GiovanniPannigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay（

）.

4.TheauthorholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?问题1选项A.Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocessB.journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecksC.fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysisD.lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects问题2选项A.foundB.revisedC.markedD.stored问题3选项A.poseathreattoallitspeersB.meetwithstrongoppositionC.increaseScience’scirculationD.setanexampleforotherjournals问题4选项A.addstoresearchers’workloadB.diminishestheroleofreviewersC.hasroomforfurtherimprovementD.istofailintheforeseeablefuture问题5选项A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapersB.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespectC.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors’DesksD.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience10.单选题Oneoftheaimsofteachingscienceis,throughlearning,toenablestudentstodevelopacompletepersonalitybycreativity,honesty,eagernesstoacquireknowledge,freedomofspeechandthought,andcriticalassessment.Thisisanambitiousaimwhichweunfortunately,rarelyconsider.Duringteachingwedevoteourattentionmoretothecontentthantotheaims.Wethusseethatscienceisoneoftheschoolsubjectsleastfavoredbystudents.Theemotionalelementsofmusic,dancing,painting,poetryanddramahaveastrongimpactonstudents.Forsciencetoevokethesamefeelings,itshouldbetaughtwiththehelpoftheexpressivearts.Unliketraditionaldidacticapproaches,dramaalsooffersasynthesisofvisual,kineticandauditoryexperiences,apartfromtheunderstandingoffactsandfiguresasaresultofrationalandanalyticalperception.Dramaandotherartisticactivitiescanassistinreachingthecognitivegoalsofthecurriculum,astheyareeffectivemeansofmotivation.Isn’tthereabetterchancethatstudentswhohavedevelopedaloveforsciencewilllearnitmoreeasily?Sciencetoocanbeaesthetic,creativeandemotional.Byusingdramatechniques,wefacilitatecollaborationbetweentheleftandrighthemispheresofthebrain,whereastraditionaltechniquesofteachingsciencestressonlytheuseofabilitiesfoundintheleftofhemispheres—thatis,theanalyticalperceptionofscientificnotionsandphenomena.Weallowstudentstoengageinthelearningprocessasfullpersonalitieswithalltheirknowledgeandabilities.Thuswedevelopnotonlylogicalandmathematicalintelligence,butalsoawiderspectrumofthestudents’abilities.Ourtraditionalexperienceislargelybasedonalinearperceptionofthesubject.Asstudents,wehavenotbeenusedtodevelopingwaysofcreativeandintuitivethinking,especiallyinsciencesubjects.Thisiswhycombiningexpressiveartswithscienceisacceptedwithdifficultybymany.Whenusingdramainteachingscience,wemeetparadoxeswhichcan,ontheonehand,maketheuseofdramaunsuccessful,andontheotherhand,enableknowledgeofsciencetobeintegratedintosocietyandsocialphenomenathatislifeingeneral.Scienceistaughtonthebasisofscientificdiscoveries——lawsandexplanationsofphenomenawhichareclearlydefinedandallownoindividualorsociologicalinterpretations.Stealingawallet,forexample,willbeinterpretedassomethingnegativebytheownerandsomethingpositivebythepickpocket.Dramabroadensourimagination,scienceissaidtonarrowit.Whenobservingtraditionaldidacticformsofteachingscience,weseethatstudentsarerequiredtounderstandveryabstractnotions.Thenotionoftheatomorthemoleculeisdemonstratedbyconcretemeansincludingsymbols,varioustypesofatomandmoleculemodels,sketches,experiments,photographsandanimatedfilms.Thesehelpstudentstodeveloptheirimaginationandconceptionswhich,can,individually,beverydifferentdespitethefactthattheywerealltaughtwiththesametechniquesandmaterials.Thesedifferencesarisefromthedifferencesinstudents，personalities.Wemusttakeintoaccountthatstudentshavedifferentsensoryabilities.Theyreceiveinformationthroughvisual,auditoryandkineticchannelsofperceptionwithdifferentintensity.Theyalsohavedifferentintellectualabilities.Thusitiseasyforsomestudentstologicallycombinescientificphenomenaorvisualizewhatthelatterlookslike.1.Thefactthatstudentsdislikescienceclassisbecausescienceclasses（

）.2.Inordertomotivatestudentsinscienceclass,shouldbeemployed（

）.

3.Asuitabletitleofthepassagecanbe（

）.

4.Theresearcher’saimisto（

）.

5.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisCORRECT?问题1选项A.developstudents’personalitybycreativityB.don’thavefreedomofspeechC.concentratemoreonknowledgethanthedevelopmentofpersonalityD.concentratemoreonfactsthancriticalassessment问题2选项A.visualexperienceB.KineticC.analyticalperceptionD.expressivearts问题3选项A.TeachScienceThroughDramaB.DevelopStudents’ImaginationC.ExpressiveArtsintheScienceClassroomD.CreativeWaysofTeachingScience问题4选项A.facilitatestudents'learningbystimulatinganemotionalresponseB.usedramatoteachscienceC.developstudents’knowledgeandabilitiesthroughreviewD.makeiteasierforstudentstounderstandsomeabstractconcepts问题5选项A.Traditionalteachingmethodsexpectstudentstoloveabstractconcepts.B.Thenewapproachtoteachingdoesn'tteachabstractconcepts.C.Thenewapproachaddressesmanydifferentlearningstyles.D.Didacticmethodsteachknowledge,notability.11.单选题Youshouldknowbetterthan（

）yourlittlesisterathomebyherself.问题1选项A.toleaveB.leavingC.tohaveleftD.left12.单选题IwasawfullytiredwhenIgothomefromwork,butahalf-hournap（

）me.问题1选项A.revivedB.releasedC.relievedD.recovered13.翻译题Putthefollowing5sentencesintoChinese.Writethemintheproperspacesonyouranswersheet.TheAll-ChinaFederationofWomenhasrecentlydroppedthelabelandnowrefersto‘old’unmarriedwomen—buttheleftoverexpressionremainswidelyusedelsewhere.Theprotoplanetwouldtaketensofthousandsofyearstogrowup,andscientistshopetostudytheentityandgleaninsightsintohowitwascreatedandhowitmightevolve.Humanlongevityhasimprovedsorapidlyoverthepastcenturythat72isthenew30,scientistshaveclaimed.Moreover,itisnolongerclearwherethepossibleouterboundariesofhumanlifestand.Thebestwaytocleanyourglassesistorunthemunderwarmwaterandputatinydropofdishwashingdetergentonthetipofyourfingerstocreatealatheronthelens.Thenrinsewithwarmwater,anddiywithaclean,softcottoncloth.Innovativecompaniesareledbyinnovativechiefexecutives.Theyspendtheirtimeaskingprovocativequestions,observingtheworldlikeanthropologists,networkingwithpeoplewhodon'tthink,actortalklikethem.Ifyou'retakingrisks,andyouprobablyshould,youcanfindyourselffailing90%ofthetime.Thetrickistogetpaidwhileyou'redoingthefailingandtousetheexperiencetogainskillsthatwillbeusefullater.Weshouldbetaughtthatfailureisaprocess,notanobstacle.Thefollowingthreebasicprocessespromisehelpwithgreatinefficiency:collectingtasksandprojectsfromallyournotebooks,calendarsandfilesintooneorganizingsystem;decidingonthenextstepsanddesiredoutcomesforeachitem;andmakingahabitoffrequentlycheckingandupdatingyourto-dosandplans.Studiesshowthatatleasthalfofthevariationinintelligencequotientisinherited.ButwhilescientistshaveidentifiedsomegenesthatcansignificantlylowerIQ---inpeopleafflictedwithmentalretardation,forexample---trulyimportantgenesthataffectnormalIQvariationhaveyettobepinneddown.Accordingtoscientists,sendingyourchildtopianoorviolinlessonsinabidtoboosttheiracademicachievementisawasteofmoney.Althoughresearchhasshownthatyoungsterswhotakemusiclessonsaremorelikelytobetopoftheirclass,psychologistGlennclaimsthislinkismisleading.Moneymakestheworldgoround,butitisnotthekeytohappiness,accordingtootherstudies.In2008,asurveyfromtheOfficeforNationalStatisticsfoundthatBritishfamilieswerehealthierandtwiceaswelloffastheywere20yearsago,butarenohappier.14.单选题Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopers,andadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavoconEuropeans’privatelives.Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonescameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today’stech-savvyworkershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModemEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage-twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative-darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn’tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult.”OnlyanIdealWomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming,thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong-iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe’dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.”1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?问题1选项A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualismB.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierageC.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstabilityD.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture问题2选项A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.B.ItisgettingclosertoAmerican-stylecapitalism.C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.问题3选项A.warmandlightheartedB.oneithersideofmarriageC.negativeandgloomyD.healthyandwealthy问题4选项A.somemodemwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedomB.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEuropeC.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonelyD.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable问题5选项A.ToreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearnersB.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships15.单选题Heclaimstobeanexpertinastronomy,butinactualfactheisquiteignorantonthesubject.（

）heknowsaboutitisoutofdateandinaccurate.问题1选项A.WhatlittleB.SomuchC.HowmuchD.Solittle16.单选题Televisionsenableustoseethingshappenalmostattheexactmoment（

）.问题1选项A.whichtheyarehappeningB.theyarehappeningC.whichtheyhappenD.theyhavehappened17.单选题Salariesfor（

）positionsseemtobehigherthanforpermanentones.问题1选项A.legalB.optionalC.voluntaryD.temporary18.单选题（

）John,Ibegantotrustmyfeelingsandbegantobelieveinmyability.问题1选项A.DuetoB.ObligedtoC.ByvirtueofD.Thanksto19.单选题Thediscoveryofnewoil-fieldsinvariouspartsofthecountryfilledthegovernmentwith（

）hope.问题1选项A.eternalB.everlastingC.ceaselessD.infinite20.单选题TheyhaveleftNewYork（

）good;they’llnevergobackandlivethereagain.问题1选项A.byB.atC.forD.in第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】D【解析】句意:发展核科学是给人们造福，而不是危害人们。短语辨析。Morethan多于，超出;otherthan除了;betterthan超过，多于;ratherthan而不是。故选D。2.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章反映出美国现在面临的问题并且在讨论美国现在越来越失去它的影响力和吸引力,因此D最适合作文章标题。2.细节事实题。第一段最后一句指出:Allofthosemakeme,Isuppose,arathergoodEuropean,sinceEuropeansare,atheart,suspiciousofeveryformbelonging,andgreatbelieversinthenon-conformistlife(所有这些都使我更像欧洲人，因为从本质上讲，欧洲人对每一种形式的归属都持怀疑态度，也支持非墨守成规的生活)。故选C。3.细节事实题。第二段开头指出:Europeansseemtoharborimmensesuspicious,ifnotdisdaintowardstheUSasformerRussianPresidentMikhailGorbachevputitrecentlyintheWashingtonPost,“Theworlddoesn'twanttobeAmerican(欧洲人似乎对美国保持着一种如果不能说是不屑的那就是非常怀疑的态度，正如前俄罗斯总统MikhailGorbachev最近在《华盛顿邮报》中指出的‘世界并不想成为美国人”),因此欧洲人现在对美国持有的是怀疑的态度,故选B。4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词welfaremothers定位至最后一段:InFrance,however,evenwelfaremothersareentitledtotheoccasionalredwine(然而，在法国就算是接受福利救济的母亲也有资格偶尔喝点红酒)。故选C“作者认为接受福利救济的母亲是有权利喝红酒的”。5.判断推理题。最后一句指出:Andmyimpoverishedsister-in-law,unlikesomanyofthosemillionaires,knows,inthewordsofGuydeMaupassant,how"tobecharmingwithnothingatall(和很多的百万富翁不同，我那贫穷的嫂子懂得莫泊桑作品中的一句话:简单才是最大的魅力)。由此可知作者认为法国的村庄最有魅力的地方就是简单而不奢华。3.【答案】D【解析】句意:这门课程通常每年会吸引二十名学生，其中有一半是留学生。语法题。考查定语从句。题干后半部分为定语从句修饰先行词20students。定语从句中缺少关系词。选项D中,of表示“在…中”,后面接关系代词which。4.【答案】B【解析】意:公众不太相信政府的减税计划。形容词辨析。Susceptible易受影响的;dubious可疑的，怀疑的,后接about;suspicious可疑的，多疑的,后接of;deliberate故意的。因此无论从句意还是从搭配上,B项正确。5.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。第一段指出:Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketopandemicflutoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto(随着我们对自身所面临的各种从小行星碰撞到流感、气候变化的威胁已更深入地了解，如今乌托邦(即理想中最美好的社会)已变得过时。你甚至可能禁不住地去认为人类几乎没有未来可期待)。因此可推知B项“我们相信科学和技术”正确。2.判断推理题。第二段中:ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline(人类分布非常广泛、适应性强、数量正在不断增加且没有任何大的威胁会导致人类总人口的下降，所以人类被列为最不濒危的物种),因此选A项“一种可持续的物种”。3.细节事实题。第五段指出:Perhapsperversely,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture(或许反常的是相比考虑不久的将来，考虑如此长远的未来可能更容易),因此选D项“我们不久的将来难以设想”。4.细节事实题。倒数第二段指出:Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture...(如同经常出现的那样，过去是掌握未来的关键……),因此选C项“利用我们来自过去的经验”。5.主旨大意题。文章指出:你甚至可能禁不住地去认为人类几乎没有未来可期待。然而这样的沮丧却是一种错误判断。化石记录表明很多物种已生存了数百万年，因此为何我们人类不可能生存数百万年呢？,因此C项“人类的前景总是光明”比较适合作文章标题。6.【答案】C【解析】句意:海里的好鱼多得是（强中更有强中手）。固定搭配。“as（作副词用）+形容词或副词+as（作连词用）”表示同级比较。7.【答案】A【解析】句意:如果你昨天来了，就可以见到他了。语法题。考查虚拟语气。此句是对过去的虚拟,从句要用过去完成时。Hadyoucomeyesterday=ifyouhadcomeyesterday。8.【答案】C【解析】句意:我是昨天晚上看见的彗星。语法题。考查强调句型:It+be+强调部分+that(who/whom)+主谓句。9.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段中:ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings(《科学》杂志的主编MarciaMcNutt今天宣布该杂志正在为自身的同行评议过程增加一轮额外的统计检查。在人们广泛担心数据分析的基本错误正导致很多出版的研究发现不能再生产之后，《科学》杂志的该政策跟随了其它杂志的类似努力)。由此可知B项“各类杂志正在强化自身的统计检查”正确。2.语义题。根据题干定位至第二段:Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.(杂志的内部编辑、现有的审稿委员会或外部同行审稿人将对Manu进行进一步的审查),由此可知“flagup”有“标出；指出”的意思，故C项“被标记”正确。3.细节事实题。最后一段:ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience(这个影响不仅通过《科学》杂志本身的出版物来产生，而且希望通过大量的出版机构来产生影响，这些机构可能想去模仿《科学》杂志的方式)。由此可知D项“为其它杂志树立榜样”正确。4.推理判断题。第一段支出:ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributi