《致用英语(第二版)》语法教程1教学课件Unit-2

1Unit2Noun(名词)2可数名词1

1.可数名词

Alargenumberofcomets(彗星)arediscoveredeverycentury.AftersomanyKTVandrestaurantfires,Ithinkthatitissafertochooseoutdooractivities.3规则名词的复数形式2map—mapstale—talesbox—boxes

bus—buseswatch—watchesdish—dishesfox—foxesappendix—appendixesindex—indexes

boy—boysbaby—babiesstory—stories

2.规则名词的复数形式（friends/students…）2.1+-s/-es2.2以ch、sh、x、s结尾→-s或-es

2.3以元音+y结尾→-s，以辅音+y结尾→-ies4不规则名词的复数形式33.不规则名词的复数形式(foot→feet/child→children/sheep→sheep...)3.1以o结尾→-spiano—pianosradio—radiosmemo—memostango—tangosstudio—studiosratio—ratiosauto—autosdynamo(发电机)—dynamoskilo—kilos3.2以o结尾→-esecho—echoeshero—heroespotato—potatoescargo—cargoesNegro—Negroestomato—tomatoes5不规则名词的复数形式33.3以o结尾→-s/-eszero—zero(e)smosquito—mosquito(e)smotto—motto(e)svolcano—volcano(e)s3.4以oo结尾→-s

zoo—zoosbamboo—bamboosshampoo—shampoos6不规则名词的复数形式33.5以f或fe结尾→-vesleaf—leavesknife—kniveswolf—wolveshalf—halveslife—livesshelf—shelvesthief—thieveswife—wivesloaf—loaves3.6以f或ff结尾→-schief—chiefscliff—cliffsgulf—gulfsproof—proofssafe—safesbelief—beliefsroof—roofsgrief—griefsgiraffe—giraffestariff—tariffshandkerchief—handkerchiefs3.7以us结尾→-ifocus—focistimulus—stimulifungus(真菌)—funginucleus(核)—nucleiradius(半径)—radii7不规则名词的复数形式33.8以um/on结尾→-amedium—mediaphenomenon—phenomenabacterium—bacteriastadium—stadiamaximum—maximacurriculum—curriculacriterion—criteriagymnasium—gymnasiadatum—data3.9以ous结尾→-ice3.10名词→-enmouse—micelouse—liceox—oxenchild—children8不规则名词的复数形式33.11以sis结尾→-ses3.12以a结尾→-e3.13sheep→sheep(单复数同形)analysis—analysescrisis—criseshypothesis(假设)—hypothesesbasis—basesoasis(绿洲)—oasessynopsis(概要)—synopsesellipsis(省略号)—ellipsesparenthesis(圆括号)—parenthesesdiagnosis—diagnosesantenna—antennaeformula—formulaefish—fishmeans—meanshorsepower—horsepoweraircraft—aircraftdeer—deerheadquarters—headquartersseries—seriessalmon—salmonspecies—species9不规则名词的复数形式33.14表示国籍的名词的复数)3.14.1-sAmerican—AmericansRussian—RussiansGerman—GermansAustralian—AustraliansKorean—Koreans3.14.2man→menEnglishman—EnglishmenFrenchman—Frenchmen3.14.3单复数同形Japanese—JapaneseSwiss—SwissChinese—Chinese3.15复合名词的复数3.15.1复数体现在主体词上

10不规则名词的复数形式3

brother-in-law—brother-in-lawseditor-in-chief—editor-in-chiefsrunner-up—runners-up3.15.2复数在复合名词的两部分都有体现manworker—manworkerswomanteacher—womanteacherswomandoctor—womandoctorsmanservant—menservants3.15.3复数体现在复合名词的词尾sit-in—sit-insstand-by—stand-bysgrown-up—grown-upsgo-between—go-betweens

3.16compasses→compasses(只用复数)pantsscissorsspectaclesgoodspliersshorts

11不规则名词的复数形式33.17量词的复数dozensofpencilstwodozenpencilsmillionsofpeopletwomillionpeoplehundredsofdollarstwohundreddollars3.18字母、数字及其他同类的复数→’s或-s

HerJ’slooklikeT’s.Don’tinterruptmewithyourbuts.Thewomanwasinherlate30’s/30s.Theworldsituationhasbeenmorefavorabletoussincethebeginningofthe1990’s.

belongingsoutskirtstrouserscrossroadssavingssurroundingsvaluablesearningscompasses12不规则名词的复数形式3

JimisfriendswithTom.(与······友好)Doyouwanttochangeplaceswithme?(调换位置)GivemyregardstoJack.(代问······好)Wearemakingpreparationsforourtrip.(为······作准备)

Thingshavechanged.(情况)Ifyoudothat,you’llmakemattersworse.(把事情弄得更糟糕)Idon’twanttohurtyourfeelings.(伤害······的感情)Hewasallsmiles.(满面笑容)Hetookgreatpainstostudywell.(努力)Herefusedtotakesidesinthedebate.(偏袒)Maryhadwordswithherbosstheotherday.(与……吵架)3.19befriendswith...(习惯用语中的复数形式)3.19习惯用语中的复数形式13不可数名词44.不可数名词4.1apiece/pile/bottle...of+不可数名词apieceofpaperabottleofmilkaglassofwaterapieceoffurnitureablockoficeabagofsandayardofclothafitofangerapile/heapofcoal/rubbish...aloafofbreadagrainofrice/sand/salt...alumpofsugarabottleofbeer/wine...atonofwheatanacreoflandaburstoflaughterapieceofinformation/advice...aflashoflightning14不可数名词44.2furniture,pollution,equipment,food,…(常见不可数名词)

Ineedtobuyasetofnewfurnitureformylivingroom.Pollutioncanbeseeneverywhereintheworld.Youwillneedalotofequipmentifyouaregoingcampingthisweekend.4.2.1流体/烟雾、冰雪等物质（物质名词）airwateroilsoupjuiceicesnowteacoffeewinesmokevaporsteamhydrogenoxygennitrogen(氮)exhaust(废气)smog(烟雾)4.2.2光、电、热、能等自然现象（抽象名词）lightsunlightsunshinethunderpowerenergyweatherdarknessheatelectricity15不可数名词44.2.3微粒、碎屑等物质（物质/材料名词）

4.2.4可触及物（总称及物质/材料名词）

sugarsaltricecorncottondustdirtgarbagegrasshairfloursandpowderwastefertiliserfurnitureluggageclothingmailequipmenttrafficmachineryjewelryweaponrysceneryfoodmeatbeefporkjamcheesemerchandisecash16不可数名词4newsinformationevidencehomeworkprogressknowledgeresearchspacetimeignoranceadvicepopulationpollutionpercentworkintelligence(情报/智力)room(空间)beautysuccesspeacehappinessvice(恶)honestybraveryentertainmentrelaxationpleasurefunenjoymentrecreationfriendshipattentionwisdomkindnesslaughterhealthwealthtroublelucklove4.2.5不可触及物（抽象名词）17不可数名词4mathematicseconomicsstatisticspoliticsgenetics(遗传学)civics(公民学)physicsmechanicsgeographygeology(地质学)chemistryphilosophybiologyastronomyarithmeticmedicinehistorylogic(逻辑学)English4.2.6学术、科目（抽象名词）

measles(麻疹)AIDSinfluenza(流感)cancermumps(腮腺炎)pneumonia(肺炎)malaria(疟疾)fatigue(疲劳)pediatrics(小儿科)4.2.7医科、症状（抽象名词）18不可数名词4air(空气)—airs(装腔作势，摆架子)arm(手臂)—arms(武器)authority(权威)—authorities(当局)brain(脑)—brains(智力)content(含量)—contents(目录)custom(风俗)—customs(海关)force(力量)—forces(军队)glass(玻璃)—glasses(眼镜)green(绿色)—greens(绿叶青菜)ground(地面)—grounds(充分的理由)iron(铁)—irons(镣铐)look(外观)—looks(美貌)manner(方式)—manners(礼貌)moral(教训)morals(品行)paper(纸)—papers(文件)regard(尊敬)—regards(问候)spirit(精神)—spirits(酒精)

time(时间)—times(时代)water(水)—waters(水域)work(工作)—works(作品)damage(损坏)—damages(损害赔偿金)wood(木材)—woods(森林)humanity(人类)—humanities(人文学科)4.2.8不可数名词加s后词义的转变19名词的所有格(-’s/of+名词)55.名词的所有格

(-’s/of+名词)Jacky’smp3Tracy’sboyfriendtheclassroomofGrade15.1theworkers’(以

s结尾的专有名词或普通名词及名词复数可用“

’”,

不带

s的复数形式仍需加’s)5.2MaryandJane’s(两者共有的)theStudents’UnionDickens’novelsthechildren’spalaceTonyandBob’sroomTony’sandBob’srooms他俩各自的房间TonyandBob’sroom他俩共有的一个房间20名词的所有格(-’s/of+名词)55.3China’sdevelopment,adollar’sworthofapples(表示国家、城市等的名词和表示时间、距离、度量等的名词也可用’s

或者“’”表示)atwoweeks’journeyaton’sweightapound’sworth