北京市平谷县第二中学九年级英语《定语从句》

定语从句TheAttributiveClause定语从句

1)The

man

wenttothe

town

yesterday.2)The

oldmanwenttothebeautiful

town

.

4)The

old

man(whogaveusatalklastmonth)wenttothebeautifultown(wherehelivedtenyearsago).

3)The

old

manoverthere

wenttothebeautiful

town

.

yesterday.5)Thisisthebook(thatyougavemeyesterday)

定语从句定义：在复合句中作定语，用来修饰主句中某一名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。它的作用相当于一个形容词，通常放在被修饰词的后面。Doyouknowtheman(whoourteacheristalkingto)?定语从句被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词关联词，即起联系作用又充当从句中的一个成分．

定语从句的基本结构：Ihelpedaperson(who

wasintrouble

lastSunday).先行词关联词定语从句＋＋指出下列各句中的定语从句及其先行词：1.It’sunkindtolaughatapersonwhowasintrouble.It’snotkindtolaughataperson(whowasintrouble)2.Shebroughtlighttothepeoplewhomsheloved.Shebroughtlighttothepeople(whomsheloved.)3.ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisinterestingThebook

(thatIboughtyesterday)isinteresting5.Theygivetheboysomeofthefruittheyhadpicked.4.Onceuponatime,therelivedagirlwhosefatherwasapoorfarmer.Onceuponatime,thereliveda

girl(whosefatherwasapoorfarmer).6.Theygivetheboysomeofthefruit

(theyhadpicked.)1.It’snotkindtolaughatapersonwhowasintrouble.2.Shebroughtlighttothepeoplewhomsheloved.3.Thebook

thatIboughtyesterdayisinteresting.4.Onceuponatime,therelivedagirlwhosefatherwasapoorfarmer.5.．Welove

theschool

where

westudy.6．Healwayscomesatatime

when

weneedhelp7.Thefilmwhichwesawlastnight

waswonderful.1.先行词是人,关联词用who(在定语从句中作主语）whom（在定语从句中作宾语）还可用that（可以省略）whose(在定语从句中作定语)1）Iamthe

teacher

who

teachesyouEnglish.2）Thesinger

whom

youwanttoseehasalreadycome.关联词

3)Doyouknow

theman

that

ourteacheristalkingto.4)

Thegirl

whose

skirtiswhiteismysister.2.先行词是物，引导词用which或thatＴhepen

which

Iwanttobuyisveryexpensive.

Ireallylikethelittledogthat

yougavemelastyear.

Welove

theschool

where

westudy.

Apostofficeis

aplace

where

youcanbuystampsandenvelops.3．先行词是地点，引导词用where（在定语从句中作地点状语）Healwayscomesatatime

when

weneedhelpIstillrememberthedays

whenIlivedinLondon.4．先行词是时间，引导词用when（在定语从句中作时间状语）Thatis

thereason

why

Ican’tagree.5.先行词是原因，引导词用why（在定语从句中作原因状语）注意:１．关联词that,which在从句中做宾语时，经常被省略．（特别是在口语和非正式文体中），whom也常被省略．1）.Thelesson(that)hetaught

werenoteasilyforgotten.2）.Thefilm(which)wesawlastnight

waswonderful.3）.Theman(whom)youwanttomeet

hascome.２．关系代词that在从句中做介词的宾语，不能省略，而且介词不能放在关联词前面Theroomthatshelivesin

isalargeone.

３关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：

Thatwastheroom

inwhich

wehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroom

which

wehadlivedin

fortenyears.

４.在定语从句中,以下情况常用that而不用which1)先行词是不定代词something,anything或被不定代词some,any,little,alittle,few,afew修饰时.例:IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?2)先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时.例:ThisisthebestbookthatI’veeverread.3)先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时.例:Icanseethechildrenandthetables

thatareinthehouse.4)先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等词修饰时.例:That’stheonlythingthatwecandonow５.只能用which，不用that的情况：(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：

Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：

Themeeting

wasputoff,

which

wasexactlywhatwewanted.定语从句分为：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句：是先行词必不可少的定语，如果把它去掉，则主句的意思就不完整或失去意义.限定性定语从句的特点是，与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不用逗号割开．Peoplewho

areintheclassroom

arethestudents’parents.非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句:是对先行词的附加说明，如果把它省列，也不影响主句的意思和完整性。这种句子和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。MissLi

,whoisfromBeijing,isourEnglishteacher.Shelivesintheseventhfloor,whereitisbigandbright.

定语从句的基本结构：Ihelpedaperson(

who

wasintrouble

lastSunday).先行词关联词定语从句＋＋先行词是人：Who,whom,whose,that先行词是物：Which,that先行词是原因：先行词是时间：先行词是地点：wherewhenwhyTrytounderstandthesesentences:Theboywhowashereaminuteagoismyyoungerbrother.BeijingHotelwheretheforeignvisitorsliveisnearTianAnMenSquare.Thewomanwhomyouweretalkingaboutisherenow.Thisisthehallwherewelistenedtothereportyesterday.Thecarwhichjustpasseduswasgoing90milesanhour.Ienjoyedreadingthebookyougavemelastweek.ThesubjectIpreferisscience.ThemanIspoketoisaprofessor.

单项填空

1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?---Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whoseD.which2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where3.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which5.Thisistheplace

_____Ihaveevervisited.

A.there

B.when

C.where

D.whichBACAD6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.whichCCACC用适当的引导词填空：1.Weliketheperson__________ishelpful.2.Istillremembertheyears______Iwasinthecollege.3.Iwanttogotoaplace_______therearebeautifulflowers.4.Doyouknowtheman___________ourEnglishteacheristalkingto?who/thatwhenwhereWho/that定义：在复合句中，修饰名词和代词的从句，在句子中起定语作用。概念:Heistheboy

whooftengoestoschoollate.

先行词

关系词

定语从句原则：a.定语从句必须紧紧地跟在先行词后面，限制修饰先行词。

b.定语从句必须用关系词来引导。

c.关系词在定语从句中作一个句子成分.关系词关系代词：that,who,whom,whose,which关系代词：when,where,whyRevison关系词主语宾语定语状语说明that可修饰人、物，不可用于非限制性从句中

which仅能修饰物who仅能修饰人whom仅能修饰人whose可修饰人或者物when修饰时间where修饰地点why修饰原因关系词在句子中充当的成分关系副词when,where,why的用法关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。where在定语从句中作地点状语，指代地点。when在定语从句中作时间状语，指代时间。why在定语从句中作原因状语，指代原因。Iwon’tforgetthetimewhenIgotmarried.Thisistheplace

wherewehadagoodtime.Idon’tknowthereason

whyhewon’tjoinus.关系副词when,where,why和关系代词that,which的区分同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个原因，有时使用why，有时使用that/which.这主要看两点：一是定语从句是否完整（即充当什么句子成分）；二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。请比较以下句子：Thisistheparkthatwevisitedlastyear.Thisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty.Shewon’tforgetthedaysthatshespentontheisland.Shewon’tforgetthedayswhentheystayedtogether.Thatwasthereasonthathegavemeyesterday.Thatwasthereasonwhyhegavemeanoteyesterday.Fill