新教材高中英语UNIT5THEVALUEOFMONEY教学知识细解码学案新人教版

UNIT5THEVALUEOFMONEY1．apologyn．道歉；谢罪→apologisevi道歉；谢罪2．ignorevt.忽视；对……不予理会→ignorantadj.无知的；不知道的→ignorancen．无知；愚昧3．judgevt.&vi.评价；评判；判断n．法官；审判员；裁判员→judgementn4．narratorn．(书、戏剧或电影中的)叙述者；讲述者；(电视节目中的)幕后解说员→narrationn．叙述；讲述；解说5．minen．矿；矿井→minern．矿工→miningn．采矿；采矿业6．indicatevt.&vi.表明；显示vt.象征；暗示→indicationn．表明，7．servevt.&vi.提供；服务→servantn8．intendvt.&vi.打算→intentionn1．betn．打赌；赌注vi.&vt.下赌注；用……打赌vt.敢说①Hebet$2，000onthefinalscoreofthegame. 用……打赌②Ibetthatyouaretoolate. 敢说③We'vegotabetonwho'sgoingtoarrivefirst. 打赌2．indicatevt.&vi.表明；显示vt.象征；暗示①Thestudyindicatesthatpeoplewhodrinkmilkbeforegoingtobedaremorelikelytofallasleep. 显示②Thereisagreatdealofevidenceindicatingthatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain. 表明③Thesymbolsindicatedifferentgroupsofsounds. 象征WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(知识要点1)apologise/apologizevi.道歉；谢罪(教材P50)WangZhengapologisedtoChenbecausehecouldn'tofferhermoremoney.王征因为不能给陈更多的钱而向她道歉。[例1]Heapologisestoherfornotgoingtoherparty.他因没出席她的派对向她表示歉意。[例2]However，whenshehungup，sheregrettedthewayshehadhandledthecall.SoshecalledZacbackandapologised.然而，当她挂断电话时，她后悔自己处理这通电话的方式。于是她给扎克回了电话，道了歉。[知识拓展](1)apologisetosb.for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉apologisetosb.that... 向某人道歉……(2)apologyn. 道歉makeanapologytosb.forsth. 因某事向某人道歉[即学即练]单句语法填空/同义句转换①Billapologisedtohisfriendforhavingkeptherwaitingforalongtime.②Imadeanapology(apologise)tomyhostandleftearly.③Thewaitressapologisedtomeformakingamistake.→Thewaitressmadeanapologytomeformakingamistake.[小片段助记]IthinkIoweyouanapologyforthedamageIhavedonetoyourbicycle，sonowIapologisetoyouformybadbehaviorandIsincerelyhopeyoucanacceptmyapologiesandunderstandmysituation.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点2)inreturn作为回报；作为回应(教材P51)Whenwehelpsomeone，shouldweexpecttogetsomethinginreturn?当我们帮助某人时，我们应该期望得到一些东西作为回报吗？[例1]Idon'texpectanythinginreturn.我不指望得到任何回报。[例2]Hewantedtodosomethinginreturnforthekindnessthatsheofferedhim.他想做点什么事来酬谢她给予他的好意。[知识拓展]inreturnfor... 作为……的交换；作为……的报答inturn 轮流；依次；反过来byturns 轮流；时而……时而……areturnticket 往返票returnto... 回到……returnsth.tosb. 把某物归还某人[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①CanIbuyyoulunchinreturnforyourhelp.②Thepeoplebeggedtobeallowedtoreturntotheirhomevillage.③英语老师让我们轮流背诵课文。OurEnglishteacheraskedustorecitethetextinturn.④她给了我们食物和衣服，没有要求任何回报。Shegaveusfoodandclothingandaskedfornothinginreturn．⑤理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。Theoryisbasedonpracticeandinturnservespractice．eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点3)judgevt.&vi.判断；评判；评价n．法官；审判员；裁判员；评判员；鉴定人(教材P51)Shouldwejudgepeoplebasedonhowmuchmoneytheyhave?我们应该根据人们拥有金钱的多少来评价他们吗？[例1]Yourspeechwasheardbyfivejudges，allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.五个裁判听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的。[例2]Ifhehadplayedapartinthefilm，hewouldhavebeenjudgedtobethebestactorthisyear.如果他当时出演了那部电影的话，他就会被评为今年的最佳男演员了。[知识拓展](1)judge...from/by... 从……来判断judgebetweenrightandwrong 判断是非asfarasIcanjudge 据我判断；我认为(2)judgingby/from 从……上看；根据……判断(3)judgementn. 判断；审判；判断力[名师点津]judgingfrom/by...置于句首作状语。v.­ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generallyspeaking“一般来说”，franklyspeaking“坦白地说”，considering...“考虑到……”。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Neverjudgeabookby/fromitscover.②Judging(judge)fromwhathesaid，hewasconfidenttowinfirstprizeintheChineseCharacterDictationContest(汉字听写大赛)．③Itwasduetoluckratherthanjudgement(judge)thatthedriversucceededinavoidingtheaccident.[小片段助记]Therearefivejudgesinthespeechcontest.AsfarasIcanjudge，itiswrongtojudgethecompetitorsonlybytheirappearance.Ithinkweshouldbelievethejudgementtheymake.However，judgingfromthereports，theresultofithasbeenunclear.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点4)scenen．(戏剧或歌剧的)场；现场；场面；景色；风光(教材P52)ACT1，SCENE3第一幕，第三场[例1]Heisgoodatdrawingapeacefulcountryscene.他擅长画宁静的乡村景色。[例2]Ourreporterwasthefirstpersontoarrivethescene.我们的记者是第一个到达出事地点的。[知识拓展]onthescene 在现场；当场；在台上behindthescenes 在幕后；暗中[明辨异同]scene，scenery，sight，viewscene指某一处的自然风光。scenery(总称)自然景物，天然风光，是由多个scene构成的自然风景。sight景象，风景，名胜，侧重值得看的事物或很难看的东西和很可笑的事物；视力，眼界。view景色，风景，侧重从人所处的角度(从远处或高处)所看到的景色。[即学即练]单句语法填空/用scene，sight，view，scenery的适当形式填空①Ninepeoplediedonthesceneandonemorepersondiedinhospitalinthecarcrash.②Suchdecisionsaremadebehindthescenes，withoutpublicknowledge.③Onreceivingthecall，thepolicerushedtothescene，whereatrafficaccidenthappened.④Guilinisfamousforitsbeautifulscenery．⑤Thesceneisaperfectdreamwhenyouseethesunrisingslowlyintheeast.⑥Youcangetawonderfulviewatthetopofthetower.⑦Theflowersarealovelysightinspring.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点5)spotvt.发现；认出；点缀；看见；注意到n．斑点；污迹；处所；地点(教材P52)ThenextmorningIwasspottedbyaship.第二天早晨，一条大船发现了我。[例1]Iplayedjokesonyoujustnow.IspottedyouinthecrowdthemomentIsawyou.我刚才是跟你开玩笑的。我一眼就从人群里认出了你。[例2]Thewindscreenwasspottedwithrain.挡风玻璃上点点滴滴全是雨水。[知识拓展]spotsb.doingsth. 发现某人正在做某事onthespot/scene 当场；在现场[名师点津]spot作“地点”讲，用作定语从句的先行词时，从句如果缺少状语则用where引导定语从句，从句如果缺少主语或宾语则用that/which引导定语从句。[即学即练]单句语法填空①IwaswaitingformyfriendwhenIsuddenlyspottedamannotfarfrommestaring(stare)atme.②Morethantenpolicementurnedupatthespotwheretheaccidenthappened.③Hewasdressedinacoatwhichwasspotted(spot)withstars.[小片段助记]Ifinallyspottedmyfriendinthecrowd，whoworeawhitedresswithpinkspots.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点6)sortn．种类；类别；品种vt.整理，把……分类(教材P52)Tellus，whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica?告诉我们，你在美国是做什么行当的？[例1]Johnspentahappyweekendsortingouthiscoinsandstamps.约翰在整理他的硬币和邮票中度过了一个快乐的周末。[例2]Thereareallsortsofactivitiesforkidsatthecampsite.在营地有为孩子们组织的各种各样的活动。[知识拓展]allsortsof... 各种各样的……asortof... (表示不十分准确)近似于……，有点像是……sortof＝kindof 有点，有几分(置于动词、形容词、副词之前)o 把……分类；按……排列[即学即练]用sort的相关短语完成句子①Whenhewaspushinghisbicycleoutoftheschoolgate，hewassortof(有点)surprisedtohearhisnamecalled.②Inmyjob，Ihavetodealwithallsortsof(各种各样的)peoplesoIhaveimprovedmyabilitytogetalongwithothers.③Thecomputersortsthewordsinto(按……排列)alphabeticalorder.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点7)beabouttodosth.即将或正要(做某事)(教材P52)Yes，Iwasabouttogogettheletter.好的，我正要去拿信呢。[例1]Iwasabouttosetoffwhenshedroppedin.我刚要动身，这时她来访了。[例2]Iwasabouttoleavetheofficewhenthebellrang.我刚要离开办公室，铃声就响了。[知识拓展]beab 正要做……这时(突然)……bedoing...when... 正在做……这时突然……hadjustdone...when... 刚做完……这时(突然)……[即学即练]完成句子①约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到了一声尖叫。Johnwasstudyinginhisroomwhenheheardascream.②我正要放弃，这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。Iwasabouttogiveupwhenmybestfriendencouragedmetogoon.＝Iwasonthepointofgivingupwhenmybestfriendencouragedmetogoon.③他们刚走了三英里，突然意识到他们的身份证忘在家里了。TheyhadjustcoveredthreemileswhentheyrealisedtheyhadlefttheirIDcardsathome.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)find＋宾语＋宾语补足语(教材P52)...andtowardsnightIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.……傍晚时，我发现我被一阵大风刮到了海上。[句式分析]find在句中接复合宾语，宾语是myself，宾语补足语是carriedout。宾语补足语和宾语之间构成被动关系。[例1]Whenshecametolife，shefoundherselfsurroundedbymanypeople.当她醒过来时，发现自己被很多人围着。[例2]Yet，nowthatI'mgrowingandtheworldIonceknewasbeingsosimpleisbecomingmorecomplex，Ifindmyselfneedingawaytoescape.然而，随着我的成长，曾经简单的世界变得更加复杂，我发现自己需要一种逃避的方式。[知识拓展]find＋宾语＋宾补，宾补除了用过去分词充当外，还有以下几种形式：find＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(现在分词（表示主动、进行）,形容词/副词/名词,介词短语))[名师点津]“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，当宾语是不定式短语、v.­ing形式或从句时，常用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语置于宾语补足语之后。[即学即练]完成句子①我们回到家时发现所有的灯都亮着。Whenwegothome，wefoundallthelightson．②我发现在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是不可能的。Ifinditimpossibletofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.③他发现他的父亲负债累累。Hefoundhisfatherinheavydebt．④她转过身，发现一个男人在盯着她看。Sheturnedaroundandfoundamanstaringather．⑤我们四处漫步后发现自己不知不觉回到了饭店。Afterwanderingaround，wefoundourselvesbackatthehotel.eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)Itis/was...that...(教材P52)AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland.(这么说)是那条船把你带到了英国。[句式分析]“Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他成分”是强调句式。本句是对句子的主语theship进行的强调。[例1]Furtherreadingmademerealisethatitwashardworkanddeterminationaswellashergentlenaturethatgotherintomedicalschool.进一步阅读使我意识到，是苦干、决心和她细心的天性让她走进了医学院的大门。[例2]Youarewaitingatawrongplace.Itisatthehotelthatthecoachpicksuptourists.你等错地方了。长途客车是在旅店接送游客的。[知识拓展](1)强调句的基本结构为：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。(若被强调的部分是人，可用that或who；若被强调的部分是其他时，一般用that。)(2)强调句的一般疑问句句型：Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that/who...?(3)强调句的特殊疑问句句型：疑问词＋is/wasit＋that/who...?(4)对not...until...句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的句型：Itis/wasnotuntil＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Itisfromthesunthatwegetlightandheat.②ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbours.③ItwasnotuntiltwoyearsagothatIbegantolearnEnglish.④Iwonderwhatitisthatupsetsmylittlesistersobadly.Ithinkshereallyneedsmycomfortthistime.⑤汤姆昨天是在哪里丢了他的手表？WherewasitthatTomlosthiswatchyesterday?⑥贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手沃森通了第一次电话。ItwasnotuntilfivedayslaterthatBellsenthisfirsttelephonemessagetohisassistantWatson.1．Mayweaskwhatyou'redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare?[分析]本句为复合句，whatyouaredoing...和whatyourplansare是两个并列句，作ask的宾语。[译文]能告诉我们你来英国干什么吗？你有什么计划吗？2．Ifthisisyourideaofsomekindofjoke，Idon'tthinkit'sveryfunny.[分析]本句为复合句，if引导条件状语从句。在主句中又有宾语从句it'sveryfunny，且don'tthink为否定前置。[译文]如果你们是在开玩笑，那我觉得这并不好笑。3．Well，whydon'tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout?[分析]本句为复合句，why引导特殊疑问句。what引导一个从句作explain的宾语。[译文]嗯，怎么不给我讲讲，这究竟是怎么回事呢？教材高考1.Shouldwejudgepeoplebasedonhowmuchmoneytheyhave？(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners，who....2.Tellus，whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica？(2020·江苏卷)...Ifeltasortofawe(敬畏)atthepossibilitiesthatexistedinhisworld.3.Thisimpliedmeaningoftenindicatespeople'sfeelings，attitudes，ormotives.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)It'shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim，butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Asisknownteachingisajobrequiresbothskillsandpatience(patient)．2．Thisplayisdividedintothreeacts，andeachacthasthreescenes(scene)．3．Heissotallthathecanbeeasilyspotted(spot)inthecrowd.4．Theawardceremonywasdelayedforallsorts(sort)ofreasons.5．Iamaloyalpublicservant(serve)andIamproudtobeso.6．Judging(judge)byappearancescanbemisleading.7．Sheapologised(apologise)toherteacherforcomingtoschoollateyesterday.8．Whenhecameround，hefoundhimselflying(lie)inhospital.9．Thebellindicated(indicate)theendoftheclass，soeveryonerushedoutoftheclassroom.10．Theflighthasbeenpostponed(postpone)duetothebadweather.Ⅱ.短语填空onthebasisof；takeoutaloan；inreturn；makeabet；asamatteroffact；byaccident；tobehonest；oughtto；beaboutto；judge...by1．It'snotenoughtojudgehislivingconditionsonlybyhislastletter.2．Hewasabouttogiveuphimselfwhenhewassavedbythepoliceman.3．Doyouthinkahappylifemustbeonthebasisofmoney?4．Mrs.Smithspentallhersavingsandtookoutaloantobuythehouseforherson.5．ThewomengaveTom$100inretur