2023年高考政治第二次模拟考试卷-英语（新高考全国Ⅰ卷A卷）（全解全析）

2023年高考第二模拟考试卷英语（新高考全国I卷A卷）

全解全析

（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）

注意事项：

1.本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第n卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准

考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答第1卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,

用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。

3.回答第H卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。

4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题

卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完

每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whatwilltheyoungmanprobablydobeforethenoonoftomorrow?

A.Helphismother.B.Dohishomework.C.GotoPeter'shouse.

【答案】A

［原文】M:Mom,canIspendthenightatPeter'shouse?Ifinishedallmyhomework.CanIbebacktomorrowat

noon?

W:Comebackateleven.Ineedyourhelpwithsomethinginthekitchen.

2.Howmanypeoplewillhavedinnertogethertomorrownight?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.

【答案】C

【原文】M:Hey,Sis,areyoufreetojoinmywifeandIatBacaraRestauranttomorrownight?

W:Oh,thatsoundsgreat,Steve!I'vealwayswantedtotrythatplace.Oh,butyouknowwhat?Fmsupposedto

meetmyfriendDanielthatnight.IsitOKifhecomesalong?

M:Ofcourse!

3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Theman'scompany.B.Phonebills.C.Mistakesonline.

【答案】B

［原文】W:Myphonebillseemstogoupeverymonth.Idon'tknowwhat'sgoingon.

M:Youneedtolookatyourbillcarefullyeverymonth.Ioftencallthecompanywheneversomethingseems

wrong.Theymakemajormistakessometimes.

4.Whatdoesthewomanmean?

A.Themanneedstofinishthebook.

B.Theendingofthebookwillbeboring.

C.Themanshouldcheckwithhisprofessor.

【答案】A

［原文】M:Thisbookisboring.Tvebeenreadingitallnight,butIreallydon'twanttofinishit.MaybeIshould

getanotherbooktoread.

W:Idon'tthinkthat'swhatyourprofessorhadinmindwhenhegaveyouthatassignment.

5.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeel?

A.Hopeless.B.Anxious.C.Angry.

【答案】B

［原文】W:Iknowit'sthedaybeforethetest,butIreallyneedyourhelp.Myprofessorisbusywithmeetingsall

day.Ican'tfailthisclass.Tilpaydoubleyournormalrate.

M:OK,letmecheckmyschedule...

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，

各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

6.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthenecklace?

A.Itistooold.B.It'squitefancy.C.Itissimplebutbeautiful.

7.Whatdoesthewomanmean?

A.Thenecklacewastooexpensive.

B.Shewouldbuyitafterashortbreak.

C.Shewouldfirstcheckwhetheritwasgenuine.

【答案】6.C7.A

（原文】W:That'sabeautifulnecklacethere...theonebehindthediamondring.CanItakealookatit?

M:Ofcourse,madam.Thisjustcameinyesterday.It'sprettyold,butit'sstillingreatshape.Youcansee

handmadedetailseverywhere.

W:Oh,Ilovethisstyle.Itremindsmealittleofwhatmygrandmotherusedtowear:simplethingsthatwerenot

toofancy.

M:Wouldyouliketotryiton?

W:MaybeIcanjustcheck...yeah,justwhat1thought:alittleoutofmypricerange.Thankyou,though!

M:Mypleasure!LetmeknowifIcanhelpyouaftermybreak.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

8.Wheredoesthewomanwanttogo?

A.ToOceanAvenue.B.ToBradleyDrive.C.ToParkerStreet.

9.Whendoesthewomanneedtoarrive?

A.At10:30.B.At10:45.C.At11:00.

10.Whatwillthewomantaketoreachherdestination?

A.Theman'scar.B.Theexpressbus.C.Ataxi.

【答案】8.A9.B10.B

（原文】W:Tmlateformydentistappointment.DoyouthinkyoucangivemearidetoOceanAvenue?

M:Actually,Tmheadedintheotherdirection.1needtomeetafriendonParkerStreet.Whydon'tyoutakeataxi

there?

W:Oh,thereisalwaysalongtimefortaxisdownstairsonBradleyDrive.

M:Whattimeisyourappointment?

W:11:00,butIneedtogettherefifteenminutesearlytofilloutsomepaperwork.Andit's10:30rightnow.

M:Hey,IjustrememberedthattheexpressbusgoespastOceanAvenue.Itshouldonlytakeyoutenminutesto

getthere.

W:That'sright!Thanksfbrremindingme.Seeyoulater.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

11.HowdidthewomanknowJessewasinhospital?

A.Jessetoldher.B.Thepolicecalledher.C.Dr.Andrewsphonedher.

12.HowmightJessegetinjured?

A.Hecrashedintoatree.B.Hecausedanaccident.C.Atreefellonhiscar.

13.Whatdoesthemanwanttodoinafewhours?

A.Passsometests.

B.Getsomethingtoeat.

C.Givethewomanmoreinformation.

【答案】11.B12.A13.C

［原文】M:Mrs.Robinson,FmDrAndrews.Yourson,Jesse,isgoingtobeallright.

W:Oh,thankgoodness!Whathappenedtohim?Ijustgotacallfromthepolicedepartmenttocomedownhere.

M:We'renotquitesure.Wethinktheaccidentwastheotherdriver'sfault.AndthatcausedJesse'scartocrash

intoatree.ThedamagetoJesse'scarwouldsuggestthat.

W:CanIgoinandseehim?

M:I'mafraidnotrightnow,Mrs.Robinson.Weneedtodosometests,rilgiveyouanupdateinafewhours,

OK?

W:Allright.Butwhatarewesupposedtodonow?

M:rdadviseyoutogetsomethingtoeatandbebackinthreehours,andbythattime,Ishouldhavemore

informationforyou.

W:Thankyousomuch,Dr.Andrews!

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

14.Howoftendoesthemangotothesupermarket?

A.Onceaweek.B.Onceamonth.C.Onceeverytwoweeks.

15.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodofortheman?

A.Findsomeorangesforhim.

B.Helporganizethelocations.

C.Sharehisopinionwithhermanager.

16.Whatisthemanlikelytobuy?

A.Bread.B.Soap.C.Pork.

17.Whafstheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

A.Saleswomanandcustomer.B.Managerandclerk.C.Hostessandguest.

【答案】14.B15.C16.B17.A

（原文】W:Excuseme,sir.Youlooklikeyou'relookingforsomething.CanIhelpyoufindanything?

M:Yes.Thewaythingsareorganizedhereisreallydifferentfromusual.Didyouguyschangesomestuffaround

orsomething?

W:Yes,wemadesomechanges.Forexample,theareawe'restandinginusedtobethebakeryandthemeat

sectionwasontheothersideofthestore,butwechangedthoselocationsabouttwoweeksago.Andnowthemeat

sectionisinthebackofthestore.

M:Nowonder.Icomehereonceamonth.

W:Whatdoyouthinkthewayitlooks?

M:Well,tobehonest,it'snotaseasyformetofindthethingsIneed.Iliketheoldwaybette匚

W:Well,Filkeepitinmindandbringitupwithmymanager.IsthereanythingIcouldhelpyoufind?

M:Ireallyneedsomeitemsforthebathroom.WherewouldIfindthose?

W:Ongoodsshelffour.Theentireshelfisfilledwiththingsforthebathroom.

M:Great!I'malsolookingforsomeoranges,butIcanseethefruitsectionjusttotheleftoverthere.Tilletyou

knowifIneedanymorehelp.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

18.HowmanycitiesandtownsdoesthesubwaysystemserveinSanFrancisco?

A.Four.B.Five.C.Twelve.

19.Whatistheaveragespeedofthetrains?

A.35milesperhour.B.45milesperhour.C.80milesperhour.

20.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesubwaysystem?

A.Mostofthestationsareunderground.

B.Trainsalwayscomeevery5-10minutes.

C.Thecostofaticketdependsonthedistance.

【答案】18.C19.A20.C

【原文】

ThesubwaysysteminSanFranciscoservesthetransportationneedsofaboutfivemillionresidents,with45

stationsacrossadozencitiesandtownsintheSanFranciscoBayArea.Thereareatotaloffourlinesthatare

knownbycolor:yellow,orange,redandblue.AlllinestravelthroughSanFrancisco,andservicerunsfrom5:00

a.m.tomidnight.Aninterestingfactisthatonlyonethirdofthestationsarebelowstreetlevel;therestareeither

atstreetlevelorravelhighabovethefreeway.Theaveragespeedofthetrainsis35milesperhour,buttheycango

upto80milesanhour.Thecosttoridethetrainsdependsonhowfaryouwanttogo.Manypeoplewholiveinthe

suburbstakethetrainintoSanFranciscotogotowork.Thismeansthatthesystemisverycrowdedfrom7:00a.m.

to9:00a.m.andagainfrom3:00p.m.to6:00p.m.,butoutsidethesetimes,thesubwaysystemisnotverybusy.

Thiscanbegreatifyouwanttogetaseat,butitalsomeansthattherearefewertrains.Duringrushhour,trains

comeevery5-10minutes,butinthemiddleofthedayandlateatnight,trainsconeevery20-30minutes.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Everydelicioussteakyouhaveeverenjoyedeatingstartedwithagoodcutofmeat.However,pickingthat

perfectcutcanbechallenging——supermarketsarefloodedwithoptions,anditisnotasstraightforwardassimply

choosingtheonewiththehighestpricetag.Followthisguideforsomeadvice.

Tenderloin(US),Fillet(UK),EyeFillet(AUSZNZ)

Aclassiccut,thetenderloincomesfromthestripofmuscletuckedagainstthebackboneoftheanimal.As

thismuscledoesnotdomuchwork,thisisthetenderestcutofbeef-whichalsomakesitthemostexpensive,and

arguablythemostdesirable.Wesay"arguably“because,whilethetenderloinissupremelyleanandafavoriteof

thosewholovetheirsteaktomeltintheirmouth,itcanalsobetasteless.Filetmignon,widelyreferredtoasthe

cremedelacreme(精华)ofallsteakcuts,iscutfromtheverytipofthetenderloin.

Ribeye(US/UK),Scotchfillet(AUSZNZ)

Thiscut,fromtheribsectionoftheanimal,comeswithanabundanceofrichmarbling.Theribeyewon't

giveyouthatsame“mclt-in-your-mouth“feeling,butitisstilloneofthetenderestcutsavailable.Differently,the

ribeyeiscookedwiththebonein,whiletheScotchfilletisnot.

Strip(US),Sirloin(UK),Porterhouse(AUS/NZ)

Comingfromthehindquarteroftheanimal,thestripisnotquiteastenderasthetenderloin,orloadedwith

quiteasmuchflavorastheribeye,butformanysteaklovers,itisjustright.Thebestpartisthatbecausethis

all-rounderhasabitmorechewandabitlessmarblingthanthosecuts,ittendstobelessexpensive.

T-bone

Can'tdecidebetweenthetenderloinandthestrip?Whynotboth?TheT-boneiscutwithstripononesideof

abone,andtenderloinontheother.Withtwoverydifferenttextures(口)或)andflavors,theT-bonegetsthebestof

bothworlds,butitcanalsobemoredifficulttocook.Themeatclosertotheboneisslowertocookthantherestof

thesteak.

21.Whatmakesthetenderlointhemostexpensivepartamongthesteak?

A.Differenttextures.B.Muchflavor.

C.Richmarbling.D.Thetenderestcut.

22.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesteaksfromthepassage?

A.It'snotapieceofcaketopickaperfectcut.

B.Allthingsconsidered,Ribeyeisthebest.

C.Agoodcutonlymeansthemostexpensiveone.

D.ItusuallytakeslittletimetocookT-bone.

23.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthearticleconcerningsteak?

A.Price.B.Packaging.C.Cookingmethod.D.Flavor.

【答案】21.D22.A23.B

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些选优质牛排的方法。

21.细节理解题。根据Tenderloin(US),Fillet(UK),EyeFillet(AUS/NZ)部分的“Asthismuscledoesnotdomuch

work,thisisthetenderestcutofbeef-whichalsomakesitthemostexpensive,andarguablythemostdesirable.

(山于这块肌肉不做太多的工作，所以它是牛肉中最嫩的部分，这也使得它最贵，也可以说是最令人满意的)”

可知，tenderloin在牛排里面是最贵的部分是因为它是最嫩的牛肉块。故选D。

22.细节理解题。根据第——段的“However,pickingthatperfectcutcanbechallenging-supermarketsareflooded

withoptions,anditisnotasstraightforwardassimplychoosingtheonewiththehighestpricetag.(然而,要挑出

最完美的那块是很有挑战性的——超市里琳琅满目的选择，不像选择价格最高的那块那么简单)”可知，选

择一个完美的牛肉块不是那么容易的。故选A。

23.细节理解题。Strip(US),Sirloin(UK),Porterhouse(AUS/NZ)部分的“ittendstobelessexpensive(所以它往

往更便宜)“提到了牛排的价格；Ribeye(US/UK),ScotchfiHet(AUS/NZ)部分的“Differently,theribeyeis

cookedwiththebonein(不同的是，肋眼是带着骨头一起煮的)“提到了烹饪方法；Strip(US),Sirloin(UK),

Porterhouse(AUS/NZ)部分的“Comingfromthehindquarteroftheanimal,thestripisnotquiteastenderasthe

tenderloin,orloadedwithquiteasmuchflavorastheribeye,butformanysteaklovers,itisjustright.(来自牛的

后腿,这条肉不像里脊肉那么嫩,也不像肋眼肉那么有味道，但对许多牛排爱好者来说，它刚刚好广和T-bone

部分的“Withtwoverydifferenttextures(口感)andflavors(有两种非常不同的纹理和口感户提到风味。因此，

选项中关于牛排没有提到的是包装。故选B。

B

LiJian,aged61,isaseniorlabscientistattheChengduInstituteofBiologyundertheChineseAcademyof

Sciences,andhasdedicatedhimselftoscientificsketching(速写)intheareaofanimalandplanttaxonomy(动

植物分类学).Overthepast40-plusyears,hehassketchedthousandsofanimalandplantdrawingswitha

scientificattitudeandsuperbskills,presentingtoreadersmorethan730speciesontheplanet.

Overdecadesofwork,Lihasdevelopedaparticularlykeeneyethathelpshimidentifyeventhetiniest

featuresofanimalsandplants.44Itisimpossiblefbrananimaltoarrangeeverypartofitsbodyinthewaywewant

ittobesothatwecantakeaclearpictureofit,“Lisaid,explainingthenecessityofscientificsketchingin

researchwork."Differentfromworksofart,mydrawingsrequireahighlevelofscientificrigor(严谨)Jhesaid.

Inanimalandplanttaxonomy,speciesareoftenidentifiedthroughtinyfeatures.Takefrogs,forexample.

Somehavelongfingers,whileothershaveshortones.Somehavefingersthatareunwebbed,somepartially

webbed,andothersfullywebbed.Thetipoftheirfingerscanbepointedorround,andwithorwithoutlong

narrowcuts."WhenIsketch,Imustsketchaccurately.Sometimes,Ineedtostudythestructureofmysubject

underamicroscopebeforegettingdowntodraw,“hesaid.

Usually,ittookLiabouttendaystodrawapalm-sizedanimal.Forcomplicatedanimalslikesnakescovered

inscales,itwouldtakehimmorethanhalfamonth.AbigobstacleLiencounteredinhisworkwasthefadingof

thecolorinsamplesasaresultoflong-timeimmersioninchemicals.Inthiscase,hewouldneedtorelyonknown

morphological（形态学的）characteristicsofthesamplesandtextdescriptionstomakehissketchesmore

accurate.

“WiththeassistanceofLi'slargenumberofhigh-qualitydrawings,China'sillustratedscientificpublications

rankamongthebestintheworld,“saidFeiLiang,afamousChinesezoologist.

24.WhatdoesLiJiandoasalabscientist?

A.Doexperimentsonanimals.

B.Presentdrawingstoscientists.

C.Makeartofanimalsandplants.

D.Drawpicturesofanimalsandplants.

25.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLiJian'sattitudetohisjob?

A.Afraidandworried.B.Doubtfulandcautious.

C.Devotedanddiligent.D.Dedicatedandambitious.

26.WhatmakesLi'sworkdifficult?

A.Drawingsnakesisdangerous.

B.Samplesarebadlykept.

C.Samples*colorsbecomelighter.

D.Therearetoolittledescriptions.

27.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.SketchingwithAScientificTouch.

B.TheAdvantagesofSketchingAccurately.

C.IllustratingtheBestScientificPublications.

D.TheArtValueofSketchingAnimalsandPlants.

【答案】24.D25.C26.C27.A

【导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中国科学院高级实验师李健和他致力于动植物分类学领域的科学

绘图的故事。

24.细节理解题。根据第一段“Overthepast40-plusyears,hehassketchedthousandsofanimalandplant

drawingswithascientificattitudeandsuperbskills,presentingtoreadersmorethan730speciesontheplanet.

过去的40多年里，他以科学的态度和高超的技巧画出了数千幅动植物素描，向读者展示了地球上的730

多种物种。）”可知，他的工作是给动植物绘图。故选D项。

25.推理判断题。根据第一段“LiJianl,aged61,isaseniorlabscientistattheChengduInstituteofBiologyunder

theChineseAcademyofSciences,andhasdedicatedhimselftoscientificsketching（速写）intheareaofanimal

andplanttaxonomy」李健，61岁，中国科学院成都生物研究所高级实验室科学家，一直致力于动植物分类

学领域的科学制图。）"第二段"Overdecadesofwork,Lihasdevelopedaparticularlykeeneyethathelpshim

identifyeventhetiniestfeaturesofanimalsandplants」在几十年的工作中，李培养了一双特别敏锐的眼睛，可

以帮助他识别动物和植物最微小的特征。）”以及第四段“Usually,ittookLiabouttendaystodrawa

palm-sizedanimal.Forcomplicatedanimalslikesnakescoveredinscales,itwouldtakehimmorethanhalfa

month.（通常，画一只手掌大小的动物需要10天左右的时间。像蛇这样复杂的动物，他要花半个多月的时

间。）“可知，他对待工作不仅专注（devoled）而且刻苦（diligent）。故选C项。

26.细节理解题。根据第四段“AbigobstacleLiencounteredinhisworkwasthefadingofthecolorinsamplesas

aresultoflong-timeimmersioninchemicals.（李在工作中遇到的一个大障碍是，由于长期浸泡在化学物质中，

样品的颜色会褪色。）”可知，他的工作中遇到的一个大障碍是由于长期浸泡在化学物质中，样品的颜色褪

色。故选C项。

27.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段"LiJian1,aged61,isaseniorlabscientistattheChengduInstituteofBiology

undertheChineseAcademyofSciences,andhasdedicatedhimselftoscientificsketching（速写）intheareaof

animalandplanttaxonomy（动植物分类学）.Overthepast40-plusyears,hehassketchedthousandsofanimal

andplantdrawingswithascientificattitudeandsuperbskills,presentingtoreadersmorethan730speciesonthe

pkmct.（李健，61岁，中国科学院成都生物研究所高级实验室科学家，一直致力于动植物分类学领域的科学

制图。在过去的40多年里，他以科学的态度和高超的技巧绘制了数千幅动植物图，向读者展示了地球上

730多个物种。）”以及全文可知，文章主要讲述了中国科学院高级实验师李健和他的工作一科学绘图。故

选A项。

C

Researchshowsstudentslearnbetterwhenthey'rewellnourished.Healthyeatinghasbeenlinkedtohigher

grades,bettermemory,fasterinformationprocessingandimprovedhealthleadingtobetterschoolattendance,

accordingtoregistereddietitianElisaZied,authorofFeedYourFamilyRight.Onthecontrary,unhealthyeating

habitscannegativelyaffectlearning.Researchershavestudiedmanyareasrelatedtoeatingandlearning.

Skippingbreakfastcanhaveanegativeimpactonlearning.Ahigherpercentageofbreakfasteaterspasseda

biologyexaminonestudyofcollegestudents.Ifsalsoimportanttoeatahigh-qualitybreakfast.Inastudyof

studentsbetweentheagesoftwelveandthirteen,theaveragemarkincreasedasbreakfastqualityimproved.

Evenwithbreakfast,thebraincanrunoutoffuelbeforelunch.Inonestudyofstudentsbetweentheagesof

sevenandnine,havingamid-morningsnackimprovedmemory.Thechildrenwhoateasmallerbreakfastand

lunchbutconsumedamid-morningsnackexperiencedasmallerdeclineinimmediateanddelayedmemory.

Attentionwasn'taffected,however.Ziedrecommendsyogurtwithblueberries;thisfruithasbeenproventobe

linkedtobettermemoryinstudies.Ahard-boiledeggisalsoagoodsnackchoice.

Kidswhoeathealthilyaremorelikelytoattendschool.Withoutpropernutritionandadequatecalories,

studentsoftendon'thaveenoughenergytopowerthebrain,resultingintirednessandlearningproblems.Infact,

alertness（机敏）improvedsignificantlyinstudentseatingbreakfastinonestudyofhighschoolstudentspublished

inthejournalPediatrics.

AstudyofpublicschoolstudentspublishedintheJournalofSchoolHealthlinkedhighintakeofsweetened

drinks,suchassugarysodas,tolowerscoresinmathtests.Adiethighinjunkfoodandsugarysodasisalsolinked

tochildhoodobesity,whichcouldresultinlowercognitive（认知的）functioning,accordingtotheYaleUniversity

research.Ontheotherhand,studentswithhealthyeatinghabitsarelesslikelytobeoverweightandmorelikelyto

learnwell.

28.Whatisaneffectivewayforstudentstoimprovetheirmemory?

A.Eatingabiglunchonaregularbasis.B.Stayingawayfromjunkfoodindailylife.

C.Eatingsomethinghealthyatabout10:00am.D.Addingyogurtwithstrawberriestotheirdailydiet.

29.Whatcanwelearnfromthefourthparagraph?

A.Studentswillhavebetterattendanceatschoolaftereatinghealthily.

B.Studentswillhaveagoodperformanceaslongastheyarewellfed.

C.Ahigh-qualitybreakfastwillmakeadifferencetostudents9learning.

D.Everystudenthasastrongawarenessofeatingbreakfast.

30.Whatwouldhappentostudentswhoeatmuchjunkfood?

A.Theywouldbecomelessconfidentatschool.B.Theywouldgrowtoooverweighttoworkout.

C.Theywouldbecomeunwillingtoattendschool.D.Theywouldfallbehindotherstudentsatschool.

31.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Theadvantagesofhealthyeatinghabits.B.Theimpactsofeatinghabitsonstudents,learning.

C.Somesuggestionsonhowtolearnbetter.D.Thelinkbetweendietsandhealth.

【答案】28.C29.A30.D31.B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了饮食习惯对于学生学习的影响。

28.推理判断题。根据第三段第二句"Inonestudyofstudentsbetweentheagesofsevenandnine,havinga

mid-morningsnackimprovedmemory.（在一项针对7岁至9岁学生的研究中，上午吃点零食可以提高记忆力。户

可知，上午吃零食可以提高记忆力。故选C项。

29.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句"Kidswhoeathealthilyaremorelikelytoattendschool.（吃得健康的孩子

更有可能去上学。户可知，吃得健康后，学生的出勤率会更高。故选A项。

30.推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句"AstudyofpublicschoolstudentspublishedintheJournalofSchool

Healthlinkedhighintakeofsweeteneddrinks,suchassugarysodas,tolowerscoresinmathtests.(发表在《学校

健康杂志》上的一项针对公立学校学生的研究表明，大量摄入含糖饮料(如含糖苏打水)会导致数学考试成

绩下降。户可知，吃太多垃圾食品的学生将会在学校落后于其他学生。故选D项。

31.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段第一句"Researchshowsstudentslearnbetterwhenthey'rewell

nourished.(研究表明，营养良好的学生学习效果更好。户可知，本文讲了饮食习惯对于学生学习的影响。

故选B项。

D

ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsofNewZealand'sEmploymentRelationsAct2000(ERA)preventan

employerfromfiringanemployeewithoutgoodcause.Instead,dismissalsmustbejustified.Employersmustboth

showcauseandactinaprocedurallyfairway.

Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinaryworkersfrom"unjustified

dismissals”.Thepremisewasthatthecommonlawofcontractlackedsufficientprotectionforworkersagainst

arbitraryconductbymanagement.Longgonearethedayswhenabosscouldsimplygiveanemployeecontractual

notice.

Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.

Ascountlessboardsandbusinessownerswillattest,constrainingfirmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming,

high-earningmanagersisahandbrakeonboostingproductivityandoverallperformance.Thedifferencebetween

C-gradeandA-grademanagersmayverywellbethedifferencebetweenbusinesssuccessorfailure.Between

preservingthejobsofordinaryworkersorlosingthem.Yetmediocrityisnolongerenoughtojustifyadismissal.

Consequentlyandparadoxicallylawsintroducedtoprotectthejobsofordinaryworkersmaybeplacingthose

jobsatrisk.

Ifnotplacingjobsatrisk,totheextentemploymentprotectionlawsconstrainbusinessownersfrom

dismissingunder-performingmanagers,thoselawsactasaconstraintonfirmproductivityandthereforeon

workers,wages.Indeed,in“AnInternationalPerspectiveonNewZealand'sProductivityParadox^^(2014),the

ProductivityCommissionsingledoutthelowqualityofmanagerialcapabilitiesasacauseofthecountry'spoor

productivitygrowthrecord.

NorarchighlypaidmanagersthemselvesimmunefromtheharmcausedbytheERA'Sunjustifieddismissal

procedures.Becauseemploymentprotectionlawsmakeitcostliertofireanemployee,employersaremore

cautiousabouthiringnewstaff.Thismakesitharderforthemarginalmanagertogainemployment.Andfirmspay

stafflessbecausefirmscarrytheburdenoftheemploymentarrangementgoingwrong.

Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentprotections.Stringentjobdismissalregulationsadversely

affectproductivitygrowthandhamperbothprosperityandoverallwell-being.

AcrosstheTasmanSea,Australiadealswiththeunjustifieddismissalparadoxbyexcludingemployees

earningaboveaspecified“high-incomethreshold^^fromtheprotectionofitsunfairdismissallaws.InNew

Zealand,a2016privatemembers9Billtriedtopermitfirmsandhigh-incomeemployeestocontractoutofthe

unjustifieddismissalregime.However,themechanismsproposedwereunwieldyandtheBillwasvoteddown

followingthechangeingovernmentlaterthatyear.

32.ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheERAareintendedto.

A.disciplinedubiouscorporatepracticesB.promotetraditionalhiringprocedures

C.regulatetheprivilegesoftheemployersD.safeguardtherightsofordinaryworkers

33.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph3thattheprovisionsmay.

A.hinderbusinessdevelopmentB.justifymanagers'authority

C.affectthepublicimageofthefirmsD.worsenlabor-managementrelations

34.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.ERA'ssensibleapproachcorrespondswiththeinternationaltrendofdemocracy.

B.Thesocietywillseeariseinwell-beingwiththeERA'sprocedurescarriedout.

C.Non-proficientmanagerialcapabilitiesmakeemployeessufferfromsalarycuts.

D.High-incomethresholdinAustraliaisrelativelybeneficialtobusinessowners.

35.Whafstheauthor'sattitudetowardsthepersonalgrievanceprovisionsissuedbyERA?

A.AppreciativeB.SkepticalC.OptimisticD.Contradictory

【答案】32.D33.A34.D35.B

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者针对新西兰《雇佣关系法》的个人申诉条款禁止雇主没有正当理由的情

况下解雇员工的条款发表个人观点，他认为这一条款有利于保护普通工人的利益，但是对企业和社会的发

展也带来一定的阻碍作用。

32.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinary

work