高一年级定语从句语法讲解及练习课件

定语从句定语从句1定语从句(Attributiveclause)

概念:

在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。(在句子中作定语)Tomisasmartboy.Tomisaboywhoissmart.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰boy,叫定语从句定语从句(Attributiveclause)形容词作定语2Tomisa

boy

whoissmart.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，whyTomisaboywhoissmart.先行词关3关系代词的用法关系代词先行词功能备注that人或物主语或宾语关系代词作宾语时，可省略which物主语或宾语who人主语或宾语whom人宾语whose人或物定语

关系代词的用法关系代词先行词功能备注that人或物主语或宾语4*Thebook(which/that)theysentmeisverygood.*Themanwho/thatstoleyourcarhasbeenarrested.宾语主语*Theman(whom/that)Isawtoldmetocomehere.*Pleasepassmethedictionarywhosecoverisblack.宾语定语*Thebook(which/that)theyse5that和which用法的区别1.只能用that不能用which的情况(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,few,little,much

等不定代词时。Iamsureshehassomething_____youcanborrow.(that)Doyouhaveanything_____youdon’tunderstand?(that)that和which用法的区别1.只能用that不能用wh6(2)先行词被all,any,each,few,every,no,some,little,much等修饰时。I’veread

all

thebooks____youlendme.Pleasesendus

any

information____youhaveaboutthesubject.thatthat(2)先行词被all,any,each,few,ev7(3)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。Thisis

thefirstbook____hehasread.thatItis

themostbeautiful

city____I’veeverseen.that(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。Thisis

thevery

book____belongstohim.thatHeis

theonly

person_____waspresentatthetime.that(3)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。Thisist8(5)先行词既有人又有物时。Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeople_________

shewasinterestedin.that(6)当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。

Who

isthegirl_____drovethecar?

that(5)先行词既有人又有物时。Shetookphotogr92.只用which不用that的情况(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中跟在介词后面，指物用which，指人用whom。

Therearemanytrees___________theycanhavearest.Thisisthering_________shespent1,000dollars.underwhichonwhich(2)在非限制性定语从句中。

Football,_______isaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.which2.只用which不用that的情况(1)关系代词在限制性10关系代词只用that的情况重点回顾1.先行词是everything,nothing,anything，something,much,little,none等不定代词2.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰3.先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last

等修饰4.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时5.先行词中既有人又有物6.

who/which等作先行词时关系代词只用that的情况重点回顾1.先行词是everyth111.在介词后面，指事物用which,指人用whom2.

非限制定语从句中关系代词只用which的情况1.在介词后面，指事物用which,关系代词只用which12

that

waseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswide1.Ahugecrack_____________________________________________________cutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.2.Thenumberofpeople

__________________________________reachedmorethan400,000.who

werekilledorseriouslyinjured3.Everywhere__________________nearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.(that)theylookedth134.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquake_______________________________________shookTangshan.

5.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthose______________________________________.whichwas

almostasstrongasthefirstonewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead6.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors_________________________________.whosehomeshadbeendestroyed4.Then,laterthatafternoon,14注意：1.从句缺少主语或宾语，则用关系代词

2.从句缺少状语，则用关系副词注意：1.从句缺少主语或宾语，则用关系代词

15关系副词先行词功能when表时间的名词时间状语where表地点的名词地点状语why一般为reason原因状语

关系副词的用法关系副词先行词功能when表时间的名词时间状语where表16IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.What’sthenameoftheplacewhereyouspentyourholidaylastyear?Thereasonwhyhewaslateforclasswasthathegotuplate.时间状语地点状语原因状语Istillrememberthedaywhen17“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句定语从句中的介词有时可置于关系代词之前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构。关系代词通常是which和whom；which指物，whom指人。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句18

1.介词+which在所引导的定语从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语等。

关系副词在从句中的作用when(=at/in/on/during/…which)时间状语where(=in/at/…which)地点状语why(=forwhich)原因状语1.介词+which在所引导的定语从句中作时间状语、地点19*I’llneverforgetthedaysonwhichwestudiedtogether.*ThisisthetowninwhichShakespearewasborn.*Canyouexplainthereasonforwhichyouwereabsent？*I’llneverforgetthedayson202.“名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词”结构常用来表示与先行词之间的从属关系，可以用whose结构代替。Pleasepassmethebook,thecoverofwhich/whosecoverisblue.Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.2.“名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词”结构常用来表示与先21(1)看先行词与介词的搭配。Thebookhasopenedawindowthroughwhichwecanseeawonderfulworldoutside.(2)看从句谓语动词与介词的搭配。Theuniversityfromwhichhegraduatedissupposedtobeoneoftopuniversitiesintheworld.关系代词前介词的选择(1)看先行词与介词的搭配。关系代词前介词的选择22(3)看从句中形容词与介词的搭配。HerdaughterhasbeenadmittedintoBeijingUniversity,ofwhichsheisveryproud.(4)看定语从句的含义Nowherecouldhefindhisglasses,withoutwhichhecouldseenothing.(3)看从句中形容词与介词的搭配。23在定语从句中“介词+which”结构不可以与普通关系代词或关系副词互换的情况。

(1)介词+which结构在定语从句中所作状语不表示时间、地点、原因时。*There’sonlyoneproblemaboutwhichtheydisagree.(2)有些“动词+介词”短语，如lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等，如果介词提前将会失去动词短语的意义时，介词不能提前变成“介词+which”结构。*Thisisthev