2023年考博英语（高等院校招生）考试题库

2023年考博英语（高等院校招生）考试题库卷I一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1.Herknowledgeandexperiencewouldmakehera(n)______assettotheteam.A.worthlessB.pricelessC.valuelessD.inexpensive2.RetireeslookingtostretchtheirpensionsmightconsiderspendingtheirgoldenyearsinEcuador,PanamaorMexico,______costoflivingislowandtheweatheriswarm,accordingtoanewindex.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.whose3.MarkMoore,directoroftheNorthwestWeather,warnedskiersofthedeadlyavalanchesthathave______themountainsofWashingtonstate,killingninepeople.A.pummeledB.elaboratedC.executedD.alleged4.ThoseschoolsaresostrappedforcashthatHuckabeejustslashedaplannedteacher-salaryincreasefrom$3,000tolessthan$600.A.shiftedB.cutC.modifiedD.drafted5.Ananalysisoftheideasinthenovelcompelsananalysisoftheformofthework,particularlywhenformandcontentareas______astheyareinTheHouseoftheSevenGables.A.symptomaticB.delineatedC.integratedD.conspicuous6.Janehastobecome______atmathematicstobesuccessfulasanengineer.A.experiencedB.outstandingC.prominentD.proficient7.Thecompany,EDS,issmartenoughto______its90,000-personworkforceintoindependentmicroteamsthatworkdirectlywithindividualclientsoncreativebusinesssolutions.A.breakoutB.breakoffC.breakfromD.breakdown8.Theretiringprofessorwas______byhiscolleague.A.criticizedB.exaltedC.drivenoutD.examined9.Whenshewasaskedwhyshewasabsentfortheparty,noanswerwas______A.imminentB.urgentC.emergentD.forthcoming10.Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably______reportonlyinafewpagesbutwithallthedetailsincluded.A.conciseB.clearC.preciseD.elaborate11.Tobeasuccessfulcriminal,onemustbe______.A.empiricalB.emigrantC.elegantD.elusive12.Directions:SupposeyouareapplyingforaPhDprogramataUKuniversity.ProfessorGothhaswrittenarecommendationletterforyouatyourrequest.YouarerequiredtowritealetterofthankstoProfessorGoth,whooncetaughtacourseinyourschoolandyouattendedthecourse.

1.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheintroduction.Use"LiMing"instead.

3.Donotwritetheaddress.13.Theconsolidationofthecrumblingwallsandtowershasbeencarriedoutin______withaprogramagreedwithbytheDepartmentoftheEnvironment.A.caseB.accordanceC.placeD.charge14.Foryearsthegirlhadharboredher______againstherstepmother.Today,shefinallygotthecouragetospeakitout.A.resentmentB.rivalryC.compulsionD.concession15.Giventhealreadydocumentedincidenceofabuseandviolenceinadolescent'slives,theavoidanceoftheseissuesreinforcesthemessagethatsuchmattersareprivateandindividualratherthansociallybased.Thisattitudeonlyservestocoveruptheextentofabuseandperpetuatetheshamethatsuchsilencepromotes.A.GivenB.inadolescent'sC.suchmattersareD.tocoverup16.Shewasartfulandcouldalwaysgetroundherparentsintheend.A.playB.deceiveC.confuseD.annoy17.Melissaisacomputer______thatdestroyedfilesincomputersandfrustratedthousandsofusersaroundtheworld.A.geniusB.virusC.diseaseD.bacteria18.Tocallthemusicofanothermusic-culture"primitive"is______one'sownstandardsonagroupthatdoesnotrecognizethem.A.puttingB.emphasizingC.forcingD.imposing19.1．在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事是______。

2．使我难忘的原因是：______。

3．它对我后来的影响是：______。20.成都是一座来了就不想走的城市。21.Suchchanges,combinedwiththeerosionofthearea'sbarrierislands,andtheBushadministration'spolicyofopeningupmorewetlandstodevelopment,weakenedthenaturalfrontlinedefenseagainstahurricanestormsurgeandleavethecitymorevulnerabletodeathanddestruction.A.combinedwithB.thearea'sC.openingupD.andleave22.Theboyseemedmore______totheirpovertyafterseeinghowhisgrandparentslived.A.reconciledB.consolidatedC.deterioratedD.attributed23.Motorcyclistsshouldwearhelmetsto______themfrominjury.A.saveB.shieldC.shelterD.defend24.ThedayswhentheonlyfenderabusinessmanneededtostaveoffamidlifecrisiswasontheendofaFerrariaregone.A.shortenB.betteroffC.keepawayfromD.strivefor25.EvenifIwonamillion-dollarlottery,Iwouldcontinuetolive______.A.subtlyB.frugallyC.explicitlyD.cautiously26.TomandAlice______havinganewcartoreplacetheiroldoneforyears.A.hasbeendreamingofB.havebeendreamingofC.hasdreamedD.willhavedreamed27.______,theshortisinsomewaysnotreallynew.A.LikemanyanothernewthingsB.LikemuchothernewthingsC.LikemanyothernewthingsD.Likemanyanothernewthing28.Opinionpollssuggestthattheleft-wingcoalitionwillbe______intheforthcomingelections.

A.presumed

B

liquidated

C.massacred

D.eradicated29.Inthatcountry,apersonwhomarriesbeforelegalagemusthaveaparent's______toobtainalicense.A.warrantB.sanctionC.malignanceD.affirmation30.Achildlearningtotalkdoesnotlearnbybeingcorrectedallthetime;ifcorrectedtoomuch,hewillstoptalking.Henoticesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenthelanguageheusesandthelanguagethosearoundhimuse.Bitbybit,hemakesthenecessarychangestomakehislanguageasotherpeople's.A.bybeingcorrectedB.correctedC.thedifferenceD.asotherpeople's.31.Lately,therestaurantchain,which______mainlytoblue-collardiners,hasbeenhurtbycompetition.A.catersB.fabricatesC.facilitatesD.flees32.Inaddition,findingsrevealthatmalesreceivemoreteacherattentionthanfemales,boysreceivemorespecificcommentsabouttheiracademicperformance,thattherearedifferencesfavoringmalesintaskassignment,inteacher'sexpectationofstudent'sbehaviorbasedongender,aswellasinsuchareasasoverallcurriculumdesign,classroomactivities,andeducationaltracking(particularlyinmath,science,vocationalcourses,andextracurricularactivities).A.thattherearedifferencesB.favoringmalesC.teacher'sexpectationofstudent'sbehaviorD.andextracurricularactivities33.中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。然而，我国人口众多，资源向对不足，经济规模越来越大，经济发展与资源和环境之间的矛盾日益突出。环境污染严重，生态状况恶化、资源耗费巨大、回收率低而导致环境破坏等问题，已成为中国经济保持可持续发展的瓶颈。

从国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化的进程中，已将环境保护视为一项基本国策，将实现经济可持续发展视为一项重要战略，同时在全国范围内开展污染防治工作和生态环境保护活动，环境恶化的状况基本得到了控制。实践证明，我们协调经济发展与环境保护两者之间关系的做法是行之有效的。人类发展只有合理地利用自然界，与自然界保持和谐关系，才能维持和发展人类所创造的文明，才能与自然界共生共荣、协调发展。中国作为国际社会的成员，在努力保护自己环境的同时，还积极参与国际环保事务，促进国际环保合作，并认真履行国际义务。所有这些都充分表明了中国政府和人民保护全球环境的诚意和决心。34.Itisatouchingscenethateveryparentcanimmediately______becausetheyhavegonethroughthesameritualwiththeirownchildren.A.comethroughB.identifywithC.takeupD.referto35.Insomecountriespreschooleducationinnurseryschoolsorkindergartens______the1stgrade.A.leadsB.precedesC.forwardsD.advances36.The______featureinTed'scharacterwaspride;hecouldn'teverthinkofdependingonanyonebuthimself.A.controllingB.prevailingC.predominantD.primary37.Whenhelivedinthatremoteplace,radiowastheonlymeanshehadtokeep______ofcurrenteventsinthecountry.A.accountB.traceC.recordD.track38.Noneofthesehightechnologymethodsareofanyvalueifthesites______theyareappliedhavenevermineralized,andtomaximizethechancesofdiscovery,theexplorerthereforepayparticularattentionto______thegroundformationsmostlikelytomineralize.A.that...selectingB.towhich...selectingC.where...selectD.which...select39.Directlyhesawher,hefell______inlove.A.fromheadtofootB.headoverheelsC.headandshouldersD.toetotoe40.InsomeAfricancountries,thecostoftreatinganAIDSpatientmay______hisorherentireannualincome.A.exploitB.expelC.expireD.exceed41.MoreoftenitisthePresident,andnotthemembersofhiscabinet,______thepopulace.A.whoappealtoB.towhomappealtoC.whomappealstoD.whoappealsto42.ThoughIhadtriedtoexplainitasclearlyaspossible,myexplanationseemednotto______A.getupB.getalongC.getacrossD.getdown43.Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery______ofhismoney.A.economicB.thriftyC.frugalD.careful44.Atthesametime,theFund,UnitedNationsFundforPopulationActivities,workstochangetheparadigmofmasculinitythatallowsfortheresolutionofconflictthroughviolence.A.modelB.covenantC.aspirationD.hurdle45.I______thejusticeandfoughtagainstcorruptionatmybest.A.confirmedB.upheldC.overwhelmedD.established46.Seniorstypicallyexhibitgreaterexperience-basedknowledge,increasedaccuracy,betterjudgment,andgenerallyimprovedabilitytohandlefamiliartasksthanyoungerpersons.Suchappliedknowledge,orwisdom,mayinfactbeconsiderablymoreimportanttoone'sabilitytoaccomplishmosttasksofday-to-daylifethandotheabstractabilitiestappedbyintelligencetests.47.CharlesⅡwasanothermonarch______malignedbyVictorianhistorians.A.muchB.veryC.greatlyD.deeply48.One'sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefuture,andtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.Thisisnotalwayseasy;one'spastisagraduallyincreasingweight.Itiseasytothinkforoneselfthatone'semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyare,andone'smindmorekeen.A.tothingsaboutwhichB.agraduallyincreasingweightC.thinkforoneselfD.one'smindmorekeen49.Thispolicygave______toprivatepropertyandledtodifferencesbetweentherichandthepoor.A.fifeB.birthC.wayD.death50.Theydidconsiderableworkto______themassesoftheUnitedStateswiththeelementaryproblemsofLatinAmerica.A.instructB.acquaintC.impartD.dictate卷I参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：B[解析]worthless“无价值的，不值钱的”；priceless“无价的”；valueless“无价值的，不值钱的”；inexpensive“便宜的”。题目凸显她的知识和经验，应该是很宝贵，选B。2.参考答案：C[解析]本题中空格处所引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词“Ecuador，PanamaorMexico”，其引导词在该定语从句中充当地点状语，因此只能填入关系副词where。句意：一项新的指数显示，想更好地利用养老金的退休人员可以考虑到厄瓜多尔、巴拿马或者墨西哥度过晚年，这些地方的生活成本低，而且气温宜人。故选C。3.参考答案：A[解析]pummel“击，打”；elaborate“精心制作，详细阐述”；execute“执行，完成，处死”；allege“宣称，断言”。4.参考答案：B[解析]画线单词slashed是slash的过去式和过去分词形式，意为“砍，抨击”。A项意为“转移”；B项意为“砍，剪”；C项意为“修改”；D项意为“起草”。因此，B选项符合题意。5.参考答案：C[解析]本题考查形容词辨析。A有症状的，症候的；B描绘；C综合的，完整的，互相协调的；D综合的，完整的，互相协调的。句意为：小说里的观念的分析使人不得不分析作品的形成，尤其是当形式和内容像它们在《有七个尖角阁的房子》里一样完整时。因此答案为C。6.参考答案：D[解析]A项意为“有经验的，老练的”；B项意为“杰出的，未解决的”；C项意为“杰出的，显著的”；D项意为“精通的，熟练的”。本句意为简要成为成功的工程师，就必须精通数学。beproficientat意为“精通于”，D项符合题意。7.参考答案：D[解析]动词词组辨析。breakout“爆发”；breakoff“中断”；breakawayfrom不是固定词组；breakdown“划分成部分”。语境为：EDS公司非常精明，它将其9万人的员工队伍______独立的小分队，直接同个人客户打交道，创造性地解决企业的问题。符合语境的只有breakdown。故答案为D。8.参考答案：Bexalt赞扬，歌颂；criticize批评，责备；driveout驱逐出去；examine考试，检查，调查。9.参考答案：D[解析]四个选项中，A项imminent的意思是“逼近的，即将发生的”；B项urgent的意思是“紧急的，急迫的”；C项emergent的意思是“突现的，意外的，紧急的”；D项forthcoming的意思是“现有的，随时可得的”。根据题意，D项为正确答案。10.参考答案：A(concise简洁的，简要的)。句意为：新来的秘书只用几页纸写了一份非常简明的报告，但把所有的细节都包括进去了。B．clear清晰的；C．precise精确的；D．elaborate精心制作的。11.参考答案：D[解析]D项“elusive难懂的，易忘的”符合题意。其他三项“empirical经验主义的；emigrant移民；elegant文雅的”都不正确。12.参考答案：DearProfessorGoth

Doyoustillrememberme?IamLiMingfromChina,Thisyear,Ihavegotmydoctor'sdegreeinlinguisticsattheUniversityofReadingintheUnitedKingdom.Ihavemadesomeachievementsinmyacademicresearch.

TodayIamwritingtoyoutoextendmysincerethanksforyourhelpseveralyearsago.In2007,Iwasenrolledinyouruniversityandselectedlinguisticsasmyspecialty.Myresearchinterestthenwascasegrammar.Imetwithmanydifficultiesinmylearningprocess.Asmyteacher,youencouragedmeandenabledmetostrengthenmybeliefinlearningwelllinguistics,aboringsubjectconsideredbysomanystudents.Iadmiredyouverymuchbecauseyoucouldalwaysmakecomplicatedquestionssimplifiedwhileteachingusinclass.Underyourtutelage,Igotmymaster'sdegreeinlinguisticsin2009.Thatyear,Imadeupmymindtobeadoctoralcandidate.IappliedtotheUniversityofReading.YouwrotearecommendationletterformetoProfessorGorden,thedeanofLinguisticsDepartment,theUniversityofReading.Iowemysubsequentacademicsuccesstoyourtutelageandkindhelp,withoutwhich,Iwouldstillhavebeengropingmywayinthedarkness.SoI'llneverforgetyou,myrespectableprofessor.

Bestregards.

Yoursrespectfully

LiMing13.参考答案：B[解析]固定搭配。inaccordancewith意为“与……一致，依照”，为固定搭配。其他选项均不符合题意。故答案为B。14.参考答案：A[解析]各项的意思是：resentment“愤恨，憎恶”；rivalry“不断的竞争”；compulsion“强烈的欲望”；compulsiontodosth.“想做……”；concession“让步”。15.参考答案：B[解析]B项所在处是说“青少年生活中的虐待和暴力发生率”，这里所提到的“adolescent”应为复数形式“adolescents”，其名词所有格形式应为“adolescents'”。16.参考答案：B[解析]动词词义辨析。play“玩，玩弄”；deceive意为“欺骗”；confuse“使混乱，混淆”；annoy“使恼怒，打搅”。根据句意，getround意为“说服”，deceive替换划线词组较为恰当。故答案为B。17.参考答案：B[解析]名词词义辨析和上下文语义。Melissa是病毒的名称，virus“病毒”，符合句意。故答案为B。genius“天才”；disease“疾病”；bacteria“细菌”。18.参考答案：D[解析]固定搭配。imposeon“强加于”，为固定搭配；putsth.on“戴上”；emphasize“强调”，一般不与on搭配；force“强迫，强制”，一般用作forcesb.todosth.或forcesb.intodoingsth.。故答案为D。19.参考答案：略20.参考答案：Chengduisacitywhereyouarereluctanttoleaveonceyoucome.21.参考答案：D[解析]本题的主要结构是“Suchchanges…weakened…andleave”，从中可以看出，“leave”与“weakened”是并列谓语，时态应一致，因此应将“andleave”改为“andleft”。22.参考答案：A[解析]固定搭配。reconciled意为“和解，调解，调停”，reconciledtosth.指由于某个原因之后无可奈何地接受某件事。故答案为A。consolidated“使某事物巩固，加固”；deteriorated“恶化”；attributed“归因于”。23.参考答案：B[解析]动词词义辨析。save意为“使……免于受到……的损伤、损失或毁坏”；shield指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害，侧重防止迫在眉睫的攻击或伤害；shelter通常指寻找安全地方躲避风雨或使人免遭危害；defend指用武力或其他措施使人或物不受损害，消除危险。用作比喻时，指坚持某种行动、决定或意见。根据句中的helmets(头盔)判断，shield符合要求。故答案为B。24.参考答案：Cstaveoff是“延迟，避免”的意思，C项的keepawayfrom“远离”与之相符。shorten缩短；betteroff富裕；strivefor奋斗。25.参考答案：B[解析]副词词义辨析。subtly“精细地”；frugally“节俭地”；explicitly“清楚地”；cautiously“小心谨慎地”。题干要求填“过一种节俭的生活”。故答案为B。26.参考答案：B[解析]本题考查的是现在完成时态。根据状语“foryears”可以确定，应该使用现在完成时，而主语是两人，因此正确答案为B。27.参考答案：C[解析]四个选项的所有搭配中，只有选项C的搭配是正确且符合逻辑的。故正确答案为C。28.参考答案：D[解析]本题是说民意调查表明左翼势力联合在即将来临的大选中会被根除。四个选项中，A项presumed的意思是“假定，假设，认为”；B项liquidated的意思是“清算”；C项massacred的意思是“残杀，集体屠杀”；D项eradicated的意思是“根除”。根据题意，D项为正确答案。29.参考答案：B[解析]名词词义辨析。warrant“证明，正当理由，委任状”；sanction“认可，支持”；malignance“恶意，恶性”；affirmation“主张，肯定，断言”。句意：在那个国家，一个人在法定年龄之前结婚的话必须要有父母的认可才能领证。根据句意此空白处所填词应该为“批准，准许”之意，B符合此处语境，故为正确答案。30.参考答案：D[解析]D项所在句是说“他作出必要的改变，使他的语言与其他人的语言相似”。这里应将“as”改为介词“like”。31.参考答案：A[解析]在选项中，cater意为“备办食物，迎合”，fabricate意为“制作，虚构”；facilitate意为“推动，使容易”，flee意为“逃跑”。根据先行词restaurant和从句的宾语diners+可知其谓语是A项。32.参考答案：B[解析]B、C选项的两个句子为并列关系，因此B选项前面缺少介词in，应是infavoringmalesin。因此，B选项为正确选项。33.参考答案：

Asadevelopingcountry,Chinaisconfrontedwiththedualtaskofdevelopingitseconomyandprotectingitsenvironment.However,acountrywithalargepopulation,relativeinsufficiencyofnaturalresourcesandanexpandingeconomy,Chinasuffersanincreasinglysignificantdisparitybetweeneconomicdevelopmentandnaturalresourcesandtheenvironment.Theseriousenvironmentalproblemcausedbyseverepollution,deterioratingecologicalconditions,hugeconsumptionofresourcesandlowreclamationhasalreadybecomeabottleneckforthesustainabledevelopmentoftheChineseeconomy.

Proceedingfromitsactualconditions,Chinahas,intheprocessofpromotingitsoverallmodernizationprogram,madeenvironmentalprotectiononeofitsbasicstatepolicies,regardedtherealizationofsustainedeconomicdevelopmentasanimportantstrategyandmeanwhile,carriedoutnationwidecampaignsforpollutionpreventionandtreatmentaswellasenvironmentandecologyconservation,theconditionsofenvironmentaldegradationhavebeencontrolledfundamentally.Practiceshowsthatourpracticeofcoordinatingtherelationshipbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectioniseffective.Onlyifmanmakesreasonableuseofnatureandkeepsaharmoniousrelationshipwithitintheprocessofdevelopmentcanthecivilizationcreatedbyhimbemaintainedanddeveloped,canhesharesubsistenceandglorywithnatureanddevelopwithnatureinacoordinatingway.Asamemberoftheinternationalcommunity,China,whilemakinggreateffortstoprotectitsownenvironment,hastakenanactivepartininternationalenvironmentalaffairs,striventopromoteinternationalcooperationinthefieldofenvironmentalprotection,andearnestlyfulfilleditsinternationalobligations.AllthosehavegivenfullexpressiontothesincerityanddeterminationoftheChinesegovernmentandpeopletoprotecttheglobalenvironment.34.参考答案：B[解析]A项，“comethrough”意为“胜利，成功，安然度过”；B项，“identifywith”意为“觉得与……有联系”；C项，“takeup”意为“从事”；D项，“referto”意为“指的是……”，由句意可知，“这一场景能够引起每一位家长的共鸣，因为他们与自己孩子一起经历了同样的仪式”，因此选择B。35.参考答案：B[解析]从四个选项都有“前”的意思可推测，句子的大意是“在有些国家，小学一年级之前有幼儿园的学前教育”。从结构看，空白处要求填入一个及物动词，表示“先于(后者)”，故选precedes，意思是tobeearlierthan。例如：Theplayingofthenationalanthemprecedesallsportsevents．(所有的运动比赛赛前都要奏国歌。)lead做及物动词时，意思是“领导，指引”；forward意为“递送，转寄”，如：Makesurethatmymailwillbeforwardedpromptly．(要保证尽快地把我的信转给我。)advance意为“提前”，与postpone相对，如：Themeetinghasbeen