颅骨专题知识讲座

颅骨专题知识讲座颅骨专题知识讲座第1页【目标和要求】

1．掌握颅组成，脑颅、面颅名称。

2．掌握颅底内面观主要结构。

3．掌握骨性鼻旁窦名称、位置及开口。

4．了解新生儿颅骨特征及生后改变。downUp颅骨专题知识讲座第2页Theskull颅Theskullcontains23bones.Theskullisdividedintotwoparts:cerebralcranium脑颅

andfacialcranium面颅downUp颅骨专题知识讲座第3页

frontal额骨

ethmoid筛骨

Unpairedsphenoid蝶骨

occipital枕骨

parietal顶骨

paired

temporal颞骨(一）Thecerebralcranium

Thecerebralcraniumconsistsofeightcranialbones.Up颅骨专题知识讲座第4页

maxillae上颌骨

palatine

腭骨

pairedzygomatic颧骨

bonesnasal鼻骨

lacrimalbones泪骨

inferiornasalconchae下鼻甲

vomer犁骨Unpairedmandible下颌骨

boneshyoid舌骨(二）Thefacialcranium

Thefacialcraniumarefifteeninnumber.Updown颅骨专题知识讲座第5页(二）Thefacialcranium

1.ThemandibledownUp

2.Thehyoidangleofmandible颅骨专题知识讲座第6页(三）Theskullasawhole颅整体观

1.ThesuperioraspectoftheskullUp

coronalsuture冠状缝

sagittalsuture矢状缝

lambdoidsuture人字缝down

Theskullisgenerallyovoidwhenfromabove,andiswiderbehindthaninfront.Itformedbyfourcranialbones.颅骨专题知识讲座第7页Up

2.Theposterioraspectoftheskulldown

Themostoutstandingfeatureoftheoccipitalboneisexternaloccipitalprotuberance枕外隆凸.Theridge骨嵴

passingoneachsidelaterallyoftheprotuberanceisthesuperiornuchalline上项线颅骨专题知识讲座第8页

3.Theinternalsurfaceofthebaseofskull

downUpItisdividedintothreefossa.Thesearetheanterior,the

middleandtheposteriorcranialfossa.颅骨专题知识讲座第9页downUpfrontalcrest额嵴

foramencecum盲孔

cristagalli鸡冠

cribriformplat筛板

cribriformforamina筛孔

(1)Theanteriorcranialfossa颅前窝颅骨专题知识讲座第10页downUp

Inthecenteristhehypophysialfossa

垂体窝.Infrontofthe

hypophysialfossa

isthe

opticcanal视神经管.Lateraltothehypophysialfossa

isthe

carotidsulcus

颈动脉沟.Thereareaseriesofforaminainthelateralportionofthemiddlecranialfossa:

foramenrotundum圆孔,foramenovale卵圆孔

foramenspinosum棘孔

(2)Themiddlecranialfossa颅中窝颅骨专题知识讲座第11页downUpItisthelargestanddeepestofthethreecranialfossa.Thelowestpartofthefossapresentstheforamenmagnum枕骨大孔，

Therearehypoglossalcanal舌下神经管内口abovetheanterolateralmarginoftheforamenmagnum.

(3)Theposteriorcranialfossa颅骨专题知识讲座第12页downUp

Behindtheforamenmagnum,therearetheinternaloccipitalprotuberance枕内隆凸,

sulcusfortransversesinus横窦沟,sulcusforsigmoidsinus乙状窦沟,

jugularforamen颈静脉孔.

internalacousticpore

内耳门颅骨专题知识讲座第13页

4.TheexternalsurfaceofthebaseofskulldownUp

incisiveforamen切牙孔

greaterpalatine

foramen腭大孔

posteriornasalapertures鼻后孔

occipitalcondyle枕髁

hypoglossalcanal舌下神经管外口

jugularforamen颈静脉孔

styloidprocess茎突

stylomastiodforamen

茎乳孔颅骨专题知识讲座第14页

5.ThelateralviewofskulldownUp

externalacousticpore外耳门

mastoid

process乳突

zygomaticarch

颧弓

temporalfossa颞窝

infratemporalfossa颞下窝

pterion

：inthetemporalfossa,thearea,wherethefourbones,frontal,parietal,temporalandsphenoid,isknownaspterion翼点.颅骨专题知识讲座第15页

6.ThefrontviewofskullUp(1)theforehead额区

superciliaryarch眉弓down眉形态与美容关系颅骨专题知识讲座第16页Up

(2)theorbits眶

①orbitalopening眶口

supraorbitalforamen(notch)眶上孔

infraorbitalforamen眶下孔②orbitalapex:opticcanal视神经管口③superiorwall:lacrimalfossa泪腺窝④

medialwall:lacrimalsacfossa泪囊窝,nasolacrimalcanal鼻泪管⑤inferiorwall:infraorbitalfissure眶下裂⑥

lateralwall:supraorbitalfissure眶上裂down颅骨专题知识讲座第17页downUp

(3)thebonynasalcavitynasalseptem鼻中隔

superiormiddleconchae甲

inferiorsuperiormiddlemeatus道

inferior

sphenoethmoidalrecess

蝶筛隐窝颅骨专题知识讲座第18页downUp(4)theparanasalsinuses

鼻旁窦

①thefrontal额

sinuses

②theethmoidal筛sinuses

③thesphenoidal蝶sinuses

④themaxillary上颌sinuses

(5)theoralcavity骨性口腔颅骨专题知识讲座第19页(四）Theskullatbirth（了解）

Up

anteriorfontanelledownposteriorfontanelle颅骨专题知识讲座第20页Question

Theskullisdividedintotwoparts:cerebralcraniumandfacia