2023年研究生考试工商管理硕士(MBA)英语（二）历年高频考题带答案难题附详解

2023年研究生考试工商管理硕士(MBA)英语（二）历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共25题)1.Delegatesagreedtotheplanin______,butthereweresomedetailstheydidn'tapprove.A.disciplineB.theoryC.principleD.nature2.WhenChrisLee'swifegotajobtransferfromtheUStoHongKonglastyear,theseniorprojectmanagerforawebmarketingfirmdecidedhewouldnotworkfull-timeanymoreandwouldstayathomewiththekids:twogirlsagedthreeandone.Withhiswifebringinghomethebacon,Leetookthechallengeofbeingwiththekidsatalltimes.

"Itisdefinitelyrewardinghavingasuccessfulcareerinthebusinessworldwhereyouareappreciatedbyemployers,customers,andco-workers,"hesays."Butitismorerewardingwatchingthekidsgrowandseeingallthechangestheygothroughonadailybasis."

ManyfathersaroundtheworldarestartingtoagreewithLee.Thetimefathersspendwiththeirchildrenhasincreasedconsiderablysincethe1970s,expertssay.Today'sdadsseematotclosertotheirkidsthanthedadsofpreviousgenerations.Withthesechanges,fathersaresuddenlyahottopicwithresearchers.Everything—fromtheirsweatglandstotheirplayhabits—isunderthemicroscope.3.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"Zhangwei"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.4.Bynowitiscommonknowledgethatprofessionalsaremorelikelytomarryandlesslikelytodivorcethanarelesseducatedworkers.Among20-to-49-year-oldmenin2013,56percentofprofessional,managerialandtechnicalworkersweremarried,comparedwith31percentofserviceworkers,accordingtotheAmericanCommunitySurveyoftheCensusBureau.Somepeoplearguethatthegapislargelyaresultofadeclineintraditionalvaluesamongworking-classmen,particularlywhiteswhoconstitutethemajorityofthem.Supposedlytheyarenotasindustriousinseekingemploymentasweretheirfathersandgrandfathersandsofailtosecurethesteadyjobsneededformarriage.

ButsomediggingintohistoricalcensusrecordsshowsthatsocialclassdifferencesinmarriagehavebeentiedtotheextentofincomeinequalityamongwhiteAmericansforatleast130years.Theyalsosuggestthatcommentatorswhoinsistthatthemarriagegapiswhollyamatterofvaluesarealmostsurelywrong.5.Myideatochangetheworldforthebetteristoabolishmoney.That'stechnicallyveryeasyandpossiblealready.Wehaveplasticcardsonwhichwecanstoremoney.WehaveInternetbankaccountsthroughwhichwecanmaketransfersandactuallywecarryaroundmobilephonesallofusthathavesmartcardsonthemthatwecantransfermoney,too.Soit'stechnologicallypossible.Ifwedidit,wewouldbeabletodowithoutwalletsandpursesandthatwouldsaveusquitealotofbother.Butthelargereffectswouldbetransformingthekindofsocietyinwhichwelive,andinparticular,makingusallmoresecureandbluntlyallmorehonest.There'snopointinrobbingbanksormuggingpeopleiftheydon'thaveanymoney,andrightmorethanthat,eventhingsthataren'tformoney,crimeformoney,typicallyusesmoney.I'mtoldtherearenotmanydrugdealersthatacceptcreditcardsorcheques,forexample.6.Directions.

Inthispart,youareallowedtowriteacompositiononthetopicRapidDevelopmentofTourisminChina.Inyourwriting,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.

WriteyouressayontheANSWERSHEET.

7.Mostpeopleknowhowtocount,butthewaywemasterthisabilityremainssomethingofapuzzle.Numeralswereinventedonlyaroundfourtofivethousandyearsago,meaningitisunlikelythatenoughtimehaselapsedforspecializedpartsofthebrainforprocessingnumberstoevolve,whichsuggeststhatmathislargelyaculturalinvention.Itappearstobebasedonaninterfacebetweenvisionandreasoningthatwesharewithotheranimals,allowingusto"see"smallnumbers—uptoaroundfive—withoutcounting.Thisability—oftencalled'thenumbersense'—laysthefoundationsoflatermathematicalknowledge,butitsbasisispoorlyunderstood.Ithasbeenarguedthatthenumbersenseitselfmayheinnate,butthisfailstoaccountforwhylearningtomastertheuseofsmallnumbersissuchadifficultanddrawn-outprocessinchildren.8.Directions

Supposeyouwonatranslationcontestandyourfriend,Jack,wroteanemailtocongratulateyouandaskforadviceontranslation.Writehimareplyto

1)thankhim,and

2)giveyouradvice.

YoushouldWriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotuseyourownname.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwriteyouraddress.9.Thegraphsbelowshowthechangeofinfantmortalityandlifeexpectancyinacountry.Writeanessayof200words.Youressaymustbebusedontheinstructionsasfollows:

1.Describethegraphs.

2.Givesomereasons.

3.Predictthefuture.

10.Directions:

Supposeyouwanttostudyataforeignuniversity.Writealetterto

1)askaboutitsaccommodationandfees,and

2)whatqualificationsoneneedsforacceptance.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotuseyourownname.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwriteyouraddress.11.WealthyChinesetouristsareexpectedtospendabillionpoundsonluxurygoodsduringthesales.Thebooming"PekingPound"hasaccountedforalmostathirdofpost-ChristmaspurchasesofhighendgoodssuchasBurberry,Mulberry,LouisVuittonandGucci.ManyWestEndstoreshaveappointedassistantswhospeakMandarintohelpcashinonthemassivenewmarket.

RetailanalystssaidChineseshoppershavetakenoverfromRussiansandArabsasthebiggestspendersonluxuryitemsinBritain."Likeanyone,theyenjoygettingabargainsothepost-Christmassalesareinevitablyanespeciallybusyperiod."China'srapidly-growingeconomyhasgeneratedavastnewmarketforluxurygoods.ButthehightaxesleviedonimportedWesterngoodsinChinamakespurchasingtheseproductsinBritain20to30percentcheaperforthem.Theyarealsoattractedbythecachetofbuyingaluxuryitemfromitscountryoforigin.

HesaidChinesebuyersnowaccountforabout30percentoftheluxurygoodsmarketinBritain,followedbyRussians,ArabsandJapanese,withBritishshoppersmakinguponlyaround15percentofthepurchases.LuxuryfashionhouseBurberrysaysChineseshoppersmakeupnearlyathirdofthecustomersinitsLondonstores,helpingtoboostsalesbymorethanafifthin2010.12.Peopletendtoamasspossessions.Indeedtheycanhaveadelightfulsurprisewhentheyfindsomethingusefulwhichtheydidnotknowtheyowned.Somepeopleleaveunwantedobjectsindrawers,cupboardsandatticsforyears,inthebeliefthattheymayonedayneedjustthoseverythings.

Collectingasaserioushobbyisquitedifferent.Itprovidesrelaxationforleisurehours,becausejustlookingatone'streasuresisalwaysajoy.Onedoesnothavetogooutforamusement,sincethecollectionishousedathome.Whateveritconsistsof,stamps,firsteditionsofbooks,antiquefurniture,stuffedbirds,toyanimals,thereisalwayssomethingtodoinconnectionwithit,fromfindingtherightplaceforthelatestadditiontoverifyingfactsinreferencebooks.Thishobbyeducatesonenotonlyinthechosensubject,butalsoingeneralmatterswhichhavesomebearingonit.13.Direction:

InthissectionthereisatextinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese,writeyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

Itsoundsgreat.Somethingisdesperatelyneededandsomeonewhohasitagreestogiveitfornochargeexceptthat"thatsomething"involvesgeneticallyengineeredcropswhichinsomepartsoftheworldstillraiseenvironmentalconcernsand"thatsomeone"isthecompanyMonsanto,thebiotechgiantwhichinthepastwasaccusedofdevelopinggeneticallyengineeredcropsthatweretooexpensiveformostAfricanfarmers.

"Hereyouarewiththeproblem.You'relookingforthesolution.Mosantoiswillingtogiveittoall,soit'sthebestpartnerwehavebecausetheyarehelpingustosolveourproblem."

Everyoneiskeentostressthatgeneticallyengineeredortransgeniccropsarejustoneoftheoptions.Theprojectisalsoworkingonconventionalplantbreedingandasortofhalfwayhousebetweenconventionalbreedingandgeneticengineeringcalledmarke-rassistedselection.14.Theeldestson______allthefamilymemberstodiscusshowtocelebratethe50thweddinganniversaryoftheirparents.A.clusteredB.resembledC.assembledD.rendered15.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchartinyourwriting,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Outline:1.Statechangesinpeople'sdailyexpensesinthepastseveralyears.

2.Givepossiblereasonsforthechanges.

3.Drawyourownconclusion.

Note:Youshouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.

16.Directions:

Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyouressay,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

人口老龄化趋势示意图17.Direction:

InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.

Peopleinbusinesscanuseforesighttoidentifynewproductsandservices,aswellasmarketsforthoseproductsandservices.Anincreaseinminoritypopulationsinaneighborhoodwouldpromptagrocerwithforesighttostockmorefoodslinkedtoethnictastes.(1)Anartmuseumdirectorwithforesightmightfollowtrendsincomputergraphicstomakeexhibitmoreappealingtoyoungervisitor.

Foresightmayrevealpotentialthreatsthatwecanpreparetodealwithbeforetheybecomecrises.(2)Forinstances,capablecorporatemanagermightseealarmingriseinlocalhousingpricethatcouldaffectavailabilityofskilledworkersintheregion.Thepublic'schangingvaluesandpriorities,aswellasemergingtechnologies,demographicshifts,economicconstraints(oropportunities),andenvironmentalandresourceconcernsareallpartsoftheincreasinglycomplexworldsysteminwhichleadersmustlead.

(3)Peopleingovernmentalsoneedforesighttokeepsystemrunningsmoothly,toplaybudgetandpreventwars.Governmentleaderstodaymustdealwithahostofnewproblemsemergingfromrapidadvancesintechnology.

Evenatthecommunitylevel,foresightiscritical:schoolofficials,forexample,needforesighttoassessnumbersofstudentstoaccommodate,numbersofteacherstohire,neweducationaltechnologiestodeploy,andnewskillsforstudents(andtheirteachers)todevelop.

(4)Manyofthebestknowntechniqueforforesightweredevelopedbygovernmentplanner,especiallyinthemilitary,thinkingabouttheunthinkable.PioneeringfuturistsattheRANDCorporation(atfirst"thinktank")beganseriouslyconsideringwhatnewtechnologiesmightemergeinthefutureandhowthesemightaffectU.Ssecurity.ThesepioneeringfuturistsatRAND,alongwithotherselsewhere,refinedavarietyofnewwaysforthinkingaboutthefuture.

(5)Thefuturistrecognizedthatthefutureworldiscontinuouswithpresentworld,sowecanlearnagreatdealaboutwhatmanyhappeninthefuturebylookingsystematicallyatwhatishappynow.18.Itisunimaginableforsomeoneinsuchahigh______inthegovernmenttobehavesobadlyinpublic.A.situationB.positionC.professionD.appointment19.Inmuchofthedevelopingworld,lackofwaterisatthecenterofaviciouscircleofinequality.SomewomeninForocomeclowntotheriverfivetimesaday—withoneortwoofthetripsdevotedtogettingwatertomakeabeer-stylehomebrewfortheirhusbands.WhenIfirstcametoForo,some60menweresittingintheshadeofametal-roofedbuilding,drinkingandtalking.Itwasmidmorning.Women,saysBinayo,"nevergetfivesecondstositdownandrest."

OnahotlateafternoonIgowithhertotheriver,carryinganemptyjerrycan.Thetrailissteepandinplacesslippery.Wescrambledownlargerocksalongsidecactiandthornbushes.After50minuteswereachtheriver—orwhatisariveratcertaintimesoftheyear.Nowitisaseriesofblack,muddypools,somebarelypuddles.Thebanksandrocksarelitteredwiththeexcrementofdonkeysandcows.Thereareabout40peopleattheriver,enoughsothatBinayodecidesthatthewaitmightbeshorterupstream.Thewaitisespeciallylongearlyinthemorning,soBinayousuallymakesherfirsttripbeforeitislight,leavinghersonKumacho,aserious-facedlittlemanwholooksevenyoungerthanhisfouryears,inchargeofhisyoungerbrothers.20.21.Nevermindacrispshirtorafirmhandshake.Ifyouwanttoimpressapotentialemployer,putonapairofspectacles.

Jobhuntersaremorelikelytobehirediftheywearglassestotheirinterview,accordingtoastudy.Athirdofadultsthinkspectacle-wearerslookmoreprofessional,while43percentthinktheyappearmoreintelligent.

And40percentofthosewith20-20visionwouldconsiderwearingclearlensesifitwouldimprovetheirchancesofgettingajob.Anothersixpercentwouldputonglassestofeelfashionable,andninepercentthinkspectaclesmakethewearerlookmoreattractive,thestudybytheCollegeofOptometristsfound.

PsychologyprofessorCaryCooper,fromLancasterUniversity,said:"Itisnotsurprisingthatbusinesseswanttoemployintelligentstaffbuttheideathatintelligentpeoplewearglassesisanoldstereotypethathasnotgoneaway."

Infact,glassesareapoorindicationofintelligencebecauseyoucanhavebadeyesightforanumberofreasonsandthenchoosetowearcontactlenses.

Itispossiblethatsomepeoplehavemoreself-confidenceandchangetheirbehaviourwhentheyputonglasses,whichcouldinitselfimprovetheirchancesatinterview.22.1.Describethegraphs.

2.Givesomereasons.

3.Predictthefuture.

23.Directions.

Inthispart,youareallowedtowriteacompositiononthetopicCarAccidentsDeclininginManhattan.Inyourwriting,youshould

1)describeriseandfallofthenumberofcaraccidentsasindicatedbythegraph;

2)givepossiblereason(s)forthedeclineofcaraccidentsinthecity;

3)giveyourpredictionsofwhatwillhappenthisyear.

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.

WriteyouressayontheANSWERSHEET.

24.Inthispart,youareallowedtowriteacompositiononthetopicTheChangesinChina'sForeignTrade.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,basedon,thefollowinginformations.

25.Directions:

YouhavejustcomebackfromHongKongandfoundaletterwhichcamefromyourfriendDavid.Butyoufindtheletterhasbeenyourhomeforabouttwoweeks.Writehimaletterto

1.makeanapology,

2.suggestasolution.第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：C本句的意思是“代表们原则上同意了这个计划，但还有一些细节他们并不认可”。discipline是“纪律；学科”；theory是“理论”，虽然intheory可以组成有意义的短语，但意思是“理论上”，与题意不符；nature是“自然；本性”，innature虽然也是固定搭配，但意思是“本性上”，也与题意不符。2.参考答案：

去年因工作关系克利斯·李的妻子从美国调到了香港(地区)，当时已经身为一家网络营销公司高级项目经理的李就决定放弃全职工作而留在美国的家中照顾两个年幼的女儿：一个三岁，另一个一岁。这样妻子在事业上大获成功的同时，李就承担起了照顾孩子的家庭主夫的责任。

“在事业上获得成功，能得到老板的赏识和同事的信任当然让我很有成就感，”李如是说，“但能看着孩子们成长，一天天看着她们变化让我更有成就感。”

世界各地许多为人父的职业人士开始有像李一样的想法。专家介绍，自20世纪70年代以来，父亲与孩子们相处的时间有了大幅增加。如今的父亲与孩子们的关系较上一代人似乎密切了许多。这些变化突然间使学者、专家们对父亲的研究大感兴趣。父亲的一举一动：从汗腺部分到玩耍习性都成了显微镜下的研究对象。3.参考答案：DearSmith,

IwouldliketoknowifIcouldaskforacasualleaveofabsencefromyouroralEnglishclassthisThursdaymorning.

YesterdayafternoonIgotaphonecallfrommycousin,whoisnowoperatingasmallcompanyinsuburbsofthiscity.Heneedaninterpreterfortwodaysbutcannotfindthemosttrustworthyperson,sohewantsmetomakeanattempt.ItseemstomethatthisisagoldenopportunitytoputwhatIhavelearnedinyourclassintopractice,butIneedyourpermissionofabsence.IfyouthinkImaygoandhelphimovercomethedifficulty,IamconfidentthatI'lldoagoodjobandbothofuswillbethankful.

SincerelyYours

ZhangWei4.参考答案：现在众所周知，与受教育程度较低的就业人群相比，专业人士结婚的可能性更大，离婚的可能性更小。美国人口普查局的美国社区调查数据显示，2013年20岁至49岁的男性中，56%的专业型、管理型和技术型职业人士已婚，而服务业从业人员的已婚者比例仅为31%。有人称，两者之间产生差距的原因主要是，工薪阶层男性，特别是在这个阶层中占多数的白人，对传统价值观的认同降低。可能他们在求职时不像父辈和祖父辈那么勤奋，所以未能找到婚姻所需要的稳定工作。

但对历史人口普查数据进行一些挖掘就会发现，在至少130年的时间里，婚姻方面的阶层差异和美国白人当中的收入不平等程度相关。历史数据还表明，几乎可以肯定，坚持认为结婚率差距完全是价值观问题的那些评论人士，他们搞错了。[解析](1)文章第一句中的it是形式主语，catedworkers为主语从句，是it指代的具体内容。

(2)文章第二句的主干为56percentofprofessional，managerialandtechnicalworkerswereparedwith...与accordingto...均作句子的状语。

(3)第一段最后一句中，Supposedly的意思是“可能”，notasindustrious...as意为“不像……一样勤奋”，sofailto...是结果状语。

(4)第二段第一句的主干为somediggingintohistoricalcensusrecordsshowsthat...。that引导宾语从句，从句的主干为socialclassdifferenceshavebeentiedtotheextentofincomeinequality。5.参考答案：

我认为改善世界的方法就是废除现金。从技术层面来说这非常容易并且可行。我们拥有存有货币的塑料卡片，我们有能转账的网络账户。实际上，我们也都有装备智能芯片并有转账功能的手机。因此从技术上来说，这想法是可行的。如果我们将之实行，就能摆脱钱包，省下许多麻烦。但更大的效益在于这会转变我们居住的社会类型，尤其是让我们更安全，不得不更诚实。如果银行与个人都没现金，打劫他们就毫无意义了。更重要的是，即使不是为了现金，与钱有关的犯罪显然也需要现金。例如，我很少听说毒贩们也收信用卡和支票。6.参考答案：[参考范文]

Fromthegraphs,wecanseethatChina'stourismhasgainedarapiddevelopmentinrecentyears.

Wecanseethatfrom1988to2005Chinamakeawitnessonthedramaticincreaseinthenumberoftouristsfrom0.45millionto200million.Atthesametime,thetouristindustrymakeearningsfrom￥210millionto￥70billion.

ThereasonsthatwhytheChinesetourismgrowssorapidlyareasfollows.Firstofall,becauseoftheimprovementofourlivingstandard,weChinesepeoplewanttospendmuchmoneyonleisureactivities.Secondly,theincreaseofthestatutoryholidaysstimulatesthedevelopmentoftourism,suchastheNationalDayHoliday,theSpringFestivalHolidayandtheMayDayHoliday.Lastbutnotleast,it'sbecausesubjectiveandobjectiveconditionsarematureandperfect,suchasthetouristservices,thetouristtransportationandthefacilities,ect.Peoplenowhavefounditmucheasierandmoreconvenienttotourthaneverbefore.7.参考答案：大部分人都会数数，但是我们是如何掌握这种能力的确仍然是个谜。数字发明大约只有四五千年的历史，这意味着不太可能有足够的时间在大脑中演化出专门负责数字处理的区域。这说明数学在很大程度上是个文化产物。它似乎是产生于视觉和推理相互作用的基础上，这是人和其他动物都具备的，而这种相互作用使我们在不数数的情况下能“看到”大约五以内的小数字。这种能力常被称作“数感”，为后来的数学知识奠定了基础，但是人们对这种能力的机理却知之甚少。一直以来，有人认为数感本身可能是与生俱来的，但这又无法解释为什么对于孩子来说学习掌握使用小数字是如此困难和耗费时间的事。这是一篇说明文，全文共144词。文章围绕人类如何掌握技术能力这一话题展开。首先指出数字的发明不过四五千年历史，大脑中不可能进化出专门加工数字功能的功能区域，所以数学是个文化产物。数学似乎是建立在人们的“数感”基础上。有人认为“数感”是天生的，但这又无法解释为什么孩子最初学习数字时感到很困难。

①but分句中的主语theway后跟一个同位语从句，theway原以为“方式”，这里根据上下文译为“如何”。②本句是个复合句，主句是Numeralswereinvented...。后面的meaning为现在分词作伴随状语，meaning后面引导一个表语从句；后面的which指代的内容为前面的表语从句，因此翻译时应按照行文逻辑，先译主句，同时补译出原文省略和指代的主语。③本句中allowing的逻辑主语是interface，翻译时要补出主语。upto本意为“多达，达到”，但是结合中文用词习惯，这里采用逆译法，译为“……以内”。④本句中的oftencalled'thenumbersense'是插入语，考虑到中文习惯，应单独译成短句。⑤此句是并列复合句，前半句的难点在于ithasbeenargued，此类被动表达法译成中文时需要添加主语，翻译成主动结构，同时注意该短语的时态，应译为“一直以来有人认为”；后半句由but引出，主谓结构很清晰，注意why引导的宾语从句要首先译出“inchildren”，以突出对象。8.参考答案：[参考范文]

DearSJack,

Thankyousomuchforthecongratulationsyousentmeonmywinningthetranslationcontest.Iwassogladtobethewinner,andyourletterWasanotherencouragementtome.

Asfortheadviceyousoughtabouttranslation,Iwouldlovetooffermyexperience,whichIhopemaybeofsomehelptoyou.ThefirstthingIconsiderimportantfortranslationisagoodcommandofthetwolanguagesinvolvedintranslation.Thencomesadeepunderstandingofthetwocultures.Asyouknow,alanguageiscloselyrelatedwithitsculture,andatranslatorneedstoknowtheculturewellinordertodothetranslationwell.

IreallyhopeIcouldcomeupwithmoreandbetteradviceforyou,butmyexperienceisalsolimited.AnywayIappreciatethischancetobeabletosharemyopinionwithyou.

SincerelyYours

LiMing[解析]

[审题]

1．从要求看，这是一封回信。

2．从内容看，它包含两条：感谢和建议。

3．需要体现感谢与建议相关的“交流”句式。

4．背景与“翻译”相关。

[句式借鉴]

1．表示“感谢”的句式：Thankyousomuchforthecongratulationsyousentmeonmywinningthetranslationcontest.因为与收信人是朋友关系，所以不需要使用十分正式的语气。

2．表示“提供建议”的谦虚句式：Asfortheadviceyousoughtabouttranslation,Iwouldlovetooffermyexperience,whichIhopemaybeofsomehelptoyou.此处的I'dloveto表示一种礼貌语气，同时后面的从句表示写信人的谦虚语气。语气是交流中很有意义的一种表达技巧，也是考试的要点。

3．再次表示“感谢”：AnywayIappreciatethischancetobeabletosharemyopinionwithyou.感谢这个交流的机会，也是一种礼貌语气。9.参考答案：Thesetwographsdescriberespectivelythedevelopmenttendencyofinfantmortalityandlifeexpectancyinadevelopingcountry.Asisshowninthegraphs,therehasbeenamarkeddecreaseintheinfantmortalityratebetweentheyear1959and2012,whereasthelifeexpectancyzoomedfrom130intheyear1959to250in2012.Intheyear1959,theinfantmortalityratewasabout200in1000,ascomparedtoabout50intheyear2012.

Therearemultiplereasonsforthedecreaseininfantmortalityrate,themostimportantofwhich,Iwouldpropose,isthedevelopmentofmedicalcareforchildrenandexpectingmothers.Theincreaseinlifeexpectancyisduetoseveralreasons.Betterchancesforpersonaldevelopment,bettereducationandbettereconomicenvironmentwhichthedevelopmentofthecountryhasprovidedareallcontributingfactors,inadditiontothedevelopmentofmedicine,whichgreatlyreducedthechancesofdyingfromdiseases.

Onthebasisoftheanalysisabove,itissafetoconcludethatcertainexcitingchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscountry.Ibelievethatthistrendwillbegoingonforabetterdirection.10.参考答案：[参考范文]DearSirorMadam,

IamaChinesestudentwhowishestoapplyforadmissionintoyourprestigiousuniversity.Iwouldbegratefulifyouwouldbekindenoughtoprovidemewithcertainessentialinformation.

Firstly,whatqualificationsdoIneedtofollowacourseofstudyatyouruniversity?Ialreadyhaveabachelor'sdegreefromPekjingUniversity,butIwonderifthereareanyfurtheracademicrequirements.Secondly,howmuchisthetuition?AlthoughIintendtobeself-supporting,Iwouldbeinterestedinhearingifthereareanyscholarshipsavailableforinternationalstudents.Thirdly,whatisthesituationasregardsaccommodation?

Ilookforwardtoyourreply,andtoattendingyouresteemedinstitution.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing[解析]本题要求写一封询问信。询问信的主要目的是寻求所需的信息或帮助。主要包括：首先表明写作意图，说明写信是为了寻求何种信息或帮助；其次提出所咨询的具体问题，强调此信息对自己的重要性：最后向对方表示真诚的感激、获取愿望和联系方式。11.参考答案：有数据统计，中国游客在国外的阔气程度已经达到了让老外都“目瞪口呆”的程度，光中国游客在国外的圣诞消费预期就已经达到了10亿英镑，能够夺取“中国款爷”芳心的全是让人“眼晕目眩”的奢侈品，比如巴宝莉、玛百莉、路易威登和古奇等。许多西方奢侈品店已经特意安排会说普通话的店员，以便更好融进这一新兴的庞大的中国人市场。

中国游客“不负众望”成功压过俄罗斯以及阿拉伯的富豪们，成功“问鼎”在英国奢侈品最大买家。“中国游客与别的国家游客一样，同样会因为圣诞打折而疯狂购物。”专业人士分析，中国消费者疯狂购物多少也和中国经济迅速增长的大环境有关，因为奢侈品在中国因税收关系价格过高等原因，中国游客一到国外就会比别人更疯狂购物，因为在英国奢侈品比在中国要便宜20%到30%。此外，中国人还抱有一丝崇洋媚外的心理，觉得产在国外的东西肯定比国内的要好，所以中国人很疯狂。

中国人购买的奢侈品已经占英国市场上30%的份额，紧接着是俄国人、阿拉伯人和日本人，而英国本国人仅占15%。著名奢侈品牌巴宝莉称，他们在伦敦的中国消费者数量已经占其总消费人数的1/3，中国人帮助他们在2010生意红翻天，增长了20%的业绩。[解析]第一段第一句“WealthyChinesetouristsareexpectedtospendabillionpoundsonluxurygoodsduringthesales.”翻译成“有数据统计，中国游客在国外的阔气程度已经达到了让老外都‘目瞪口呆’的程度，光中国游客在国外的圣诞消费预期就已经达到了10亿英镑。”增加了不少翻译内容，是对原文意思和要表达效果的综合体现。第二句“PekingPound”这一针对崛起的大量中国消费人群而创造的新词汇很形象，直译“北京英镑”如果不加解释简直就是不知所云，翻译成“中国款爷”既符合这一新词的时尚特征又不乏诙谐的味道，与原文可谓异曲同工。

第二段几句话有事实有论点，需要在翻译前先抓主要意思和重点，调整语序、结构。第一句是事实，翻译时增加了一些内容，从而增强了表达效果。第二句引号是援引的话，后面的是分析人士对原因的分析。第二段最后一句“Theyarealsoattractedbythecachetofbuyingaluxuryitemfromitscountryoforigin.”句子不长，英语很好理解，但用汉语表达出来有一定难度，因为汉语中我们找不到与cachet对应的词可以完全表达出相应的意思，而只能按意思去意译，“此外，中国人还抱有一丝崇洋媚外的心理，觉得产在国外的东西肯定比国内的要好，所以中国人很疯狂。”12.参考答案：人们常常积聚物品。当他们发现某件属于自己而自己却不知道的有用的东西时，的确会感到又惊又喜。有些人把不需要的东西多年留在抽屉、碗柜和阁楼里，相信有朝一日他们可能正好需要那些东西。

收藏作为一种严肃而认真的爱好就截然不同了。收藏可以为闲暇时光提供消遣，因为端详自己的财宝总是一件快乐的事儿。收藏物就放在你的家里，你不必出门寻找乐趣。无论你收藏什么——邮票、首版图书、老式家具、鸟类标本、动物玩具，总有相关的事要做，包括为最新的收藏物找到合适的放置处所，核实参考书中的事实等等。这种爱好不仅在特定的领域，而且在与之相应的方方面面都给人以教益。[解析](1)Indeedtheycanhaveadelightfulsurprisewhentheyfindsomethinguseful...中adelightfulsurprise的意思是“惊喜；令人愉快、并使人惊奇的事儿”，应译为“又惊又喜”。

(2)...inthebeliefthattheymayonedayneedjustthoseverythings句中just一词的意思是“刚刚，恰好”，在这句话中用来修饰谓语need，译为“恰好需要”。

(3)Whateveritconsistsof,stamps...,thereisalwayssomethingtodoinconnectionwithit,fromfindingthefightplaceforthelatestadditiontoverifyingfactsinreferencebooks.这个长句中，whatever引导让步状语从句，主句是therebe句型，from...to...是对主句的补充描述。

(4)Thishobbyeducatesonenotonlyinthechosensubject,butalsoingeneralmatterswhichhavesomebearingonit句末的it一词指的是前半句中的thechosensubject。翻译时应注意两个半句之间的逻辑联系。13.参考答案：这个主意听起来不错。目前人们迫切需要某种东西，而又有人愿意无偿提供这样东西——只不过这种东西涉及转基因农作物，这在世界某些地区仍被认为危害环境；而愿意提供这样东西的正是生物技术巨头——孟山都公司。之前该公司曾被指责其研究的转基因农作物价格对于大多数非洲农民来说太过昂贵。

“当下你遇到难题，正在寻找解决方法。孟山都公司愿意为我们所有人提供解决方案，帮助我们解决问题，因而是我们最好的合作伙伴。”

每个人都急切地强调转基因农作物只是多项选择之一。该项目也致力于传统植物的培育，并试图在传统种植和转基因种植间建立过渡阶段，称之为标记辅助选择。14.参考答案：C本句的意思是“长子把全家成员召集在一起，讨论如何庆祝他们父母结婚50周年纪念日”。题意决定正确选项为C，因为assemble是“召集；聚集”，如：Allthestudentsassembledinthehall．所有学生都聚集在大厅里。值得注意的是，assemble的名词是assembly，意思是“集合；组装；联大会议”，如：therightofassembly集会权；assemblyline装配线；theGeneralAssembly联合国大会；cluster是“vi．群集；vt．使成群，成群地集中于”，如：Thestudentsclusteredaroundtheirteacher．女生们聚集在老师周围；clusterthetentstogether把帐篷集中搭在一起；resemble是“像；类似于”，如：FrenchresemblesEnglishinspelling．法语和英语在拼写上很相似；resemble的名词是resemblance，bearaclose/strikingresemblanceto意思是“与……极其相似”，如：Hebearsastrikingresemblancetohisfather．他和他父亲极其相似。render是“使得；给予；提出”，如：rendersb．unconscious使某人失去知觉；renderaid给予援助；renderone'sreasons提出理由。15.参考答案：[参考范文]

ThetableshowsclearlythechangeofdietstructureofChinese.Dietisveryimportantinpeople'slife.From2003to2011,people'sdietchangedalot.Grainwasnolongerregardedasthemainfood.Astheproportionoffruitsandvegetablesdeclined,theconsumptionofmilkandmeatincreased.

Whathavecausedthesechanges?Therearetworeasons.Oneisthatpeoplebegantorealizetheimportanceofmaintainingabalanceddietwiththedevelopmentofscience.Theotheristhatpeople,whohavemoremoneytospend,canaffordmoreexpensivefood.Theyhavetriedtochangetheirlow-priceddietintoamorevariedone.Theyareeagertobuildupastrongbodybyimprovingtheirlivingstandards.

Thankstothedevelopmentofoureconomyandimprovementofthefoodsupply,furtherchangeswilltakeplaceinpeople'sdiet.Butwehavetoreconsidertheimportanceofbalancingdiet,whichisofgreatimportancetoourhealth.[解析]确定题型：图表题

确定主题：2003年到2011年中国人民饮食结构的变化

确定对象：蔬菜和水果在饮食结构中所占比例逐年下降，而肉类消耗有所上升，谷类不再是最重要的饮食

确定模板：图表题中+因果型(why型)16.参考答案：[参考