2023年自考类英语自考英语词汇学历年高频考题带答案难题附详解

2023年自考类英语自考英语词汇学历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1.Thesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwordsis______.A.morphemeB.affixesC.rootD.stem2.The______dictionaryisratheralatedevelopmentbecausetheearliestdictionarieswereall______.A.bilingual;monolingualB.unabridged;deskC.monolingual;bilingualD.desk;unabridged3.30%to40%ofthetotalnumberofnewwordsinEnglishvocabularyareproducedthrough______.A.affixationB.clippingC.compoundingD.shortening4.Whichofthefollowingareboundmorphemes?A.Boundroots.B.Inflectionalaffixes.C.Derivationalaffixes.D.Alltheabove.5.CCELDisdistinctiveforits______.A.cleargrammarcodesB.languagenotesC.usagenotesD.extracolumns6.Observationshowsthatitismuchmorecommonforwordmeaningstochangeindenotationfrom______topejorativethanitisforthemtogotheotherway.7.Lexiealmeaninghasconceptualmeaningand______meaning.8.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.OldEnglishwasa.highlyinflectedlanguage.B.InearlyMiddleEnglishperiod,English,LatinandCelticexistedsidebyside.C.TheintroductionofprintingintoEnglandmarkedthebeginningofModernEnglishperiod.D.Themostimportantmodeofvocabularydevelopmentinpresent-dayEnglishisthecreationofnewwordsbymeansofword-formation.9.TheexpansionofvocabularyinmodernEnglishdependschieflyon______.A.borrowingB.word-formationC.conversionD.thenumberofthepeoplespeakingEnglish10.______aremainlyproverbsandsayings.A.IdiomsnominalinnatureB.IdiomsverbalinnatureC.IdiomsadverbialinnatureD.Sentenceidioms11.______istheformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotherword.12.Thereisassociatedtransfer,forexample,thelipofawound;thetongueofabell;the______ofaplane,inwhichthemeaningistransferredthroughassociation.A.eyesB.faceC.noseD.ears13.Themainbodyofadictionaryis______.A.spellingB.pronunciationC.definitionsofwordsD.usage14.InOldEnglishtherewas______agreementbetweensoundandform.A.moreB.littleC.lessD.gradual15.Manyofthewritingsinancienttimesarehardtounderstandinthatmanyofthewordsinthemwereusedindifferent______fromwhattheyhavenowindictionaries.A.sensesB.formsC.dialectsD.terms16.amelioration17.TheunmarkedtermOfanantonymouspairoftencoversthe______ofthemarked.18.Wordscanbeclassifiedaccordingtothefollowingcriteriaexcept______.A.notionB.usefrequencyC.foundationD.origin19."Silly"meant"happy"inoldEnglish,butnowitmeans"foolish".Thismodeofword-meaningchangeis______.A.elevationB.extensionC.transferD.degradation20.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.OldEnglishwasahighlyinflectedlanguage.B.RevivingarchaicorobsoletewordsalsocontributestothegrowthofEnglishvocabulary.C.Theword"cloak"isofFrenchorigin.D.ModernEnglishisasyntheticlanguage.21.Whichofthefollowingaboutextra-linguisticcontextistrue?______A.Itcanbesubdividedintoextra-linguisticcontextandnon-linguisticcontext.B.Itonlyreferstothephysicalsituationorenvironmentrelatingtotheuseofwords.C.Itembracesthepeople,time,sizeandplace.D.Itmayextendtoembracetheentireculturalbackground.22.Thegeneralestimateofthepresent-dayEnglishvocabularyisoverone______words.23.______istheprocessofformingnewwordsbyjoiningtheinitiallettersofnamesofsocialandpoliticalorganizationsorspecialphrasesandtechnicalterms.24.Affixation,alsocalled______,isoneofthewordformations.25.Whichofthefollowingwordsisbroughtaboutbypoliticalchangesasregardsthegrowthofpresent-dayEnglishvocabulary?______A.Smartbomb.B.Astrochemistry.C.Watergate.D.Tenor.26.Verbcompoundsarecreatedeitherthrough______or______.A.affixation;conversionB.clipping;affixationC.conversion;backformationD.backformation;borrowing27.Theoriginalmeaningofmanuscriptis______.A.anyauthor'swritingB.handwritingC.anyauthor'sworksD.apieceofpaper28.______isacommonfeaturepeculiartoallnaturallanguages.A.HomonymyB.PolysemyC.SynonymyD.Antonymy29.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistreeorfalse,basedonyourunderstandingofthestylisticfeaturesofidioms.

Asfarasstylisticvaluesareconcerned,mostidiomsareformal.30.Somewordscanhavetwodifferenttypesofantonymsatthesametime,onebeing______.andtheotheropposite.31.Webster'sThirdNewInternationalDictionaryisthebest-known______dictionary.A.unabridgedB.deskC.pocketD.encyclopedic32.Theprimaryfunctionofsuffixesisto______.A.changetheword-classofrootsB.changethemeaningofstemsC.changethegrammaticalfunctionofstemsD.changethestructureofroots33.alien34.Contextcanhelpeliminateambiguity,providecluesforinferringword-meaningandgive______ofreferents.35.Thepluralmorpheme"-s"isrealizedby/iz/afterthefollowingsoundsEXCEPT______.

A./s/

B./g/

C./z/

D.36."Soonerorlater"hasrhetorical______colouring.A.rhymeB.alliterationC.reiterationD.juxtaposition37."Generalofficer","editorialarticle"and"goldmedal"areoftenshortenedas"general","editorial"and"gold"respectively.Inthesecasesthereisa______behindthissortofsemanticchange.A.foreigninfluenceB.socialcauseC.linguisticcauseD.psychologicalcause38.Therearefourtypesofborrowedwords:______,aliens,translation-loansandsemantic-loans.39.Theword"airmail"is______motivated.A.onomatopoeicallyB.etymologicallyC.semanticallyD.morphologically40.Theprefixesinwordsextra-strong,overweightandarchbishopare______.A.negativeprefixesB.prefixesofdegreeorsizeC.pejorativeprefixesD.locativeprefixes41.amelioration42.______istheresultofhumancognition,reflectingtheobjectiveworldinthehumanmind.A.ReferenceB.ConceptC.SenseD.Context43.Thesynonymouspair"die-passaway"hasthesame______butdifferentstylisticvalues.44.Alegalterm"alibi"signifying"pleathattheaccusedisnotattheplacewhenthecrimeiscommitted"nowmeans"excuse".Thischangeofword-meaningiscalled______.A.transferB.narrowingC.extensionD.degradation45.LDCEisa______dictionary.46.Themethodofcreatingwordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixesiscalled______.47.Inmostcasesanouncanbeconvertedtoaverb______.A.withsomechangesB.withoutanychangeC.withsomechangesinspellingD.withoutanychangeinpronunciation48.Intheidiom"powderone'snose",______isused.A.metaphorB.euphemismC.metonymyD.synecdoche49.IllustratethedifferenceofsynchronicstudyanddiachronicstudyofEnglishlexicologywithanexample.50.Whichofthefollowingisnotonetypeofidioms?A.Sentenceidioms.B.Idiomsnominalinnature.C.Idiomsadverbialinnature.D.Clausalidioms.第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：A[解析]词素是构词中最小的功能单位。答案为A。2.参考答案：C[解析]Themonolingualdictionaryisratheralatedevelopmentbecausetheearliestdictionarieswereallbilingual.单语词典是一个相当新的发展，因为最早的词典都是双语的。答案为C。3.参考答案：A4.参考答案：D[解析]粘附词素有两种：粘附词根(boundroots)和词缀。词缀又可以分为屈折词缀和派生词缀。因此D项为正确答案。5.参考答案：DCCELD有三个特点：特色的定义、另辟竖栏和用法举例，但是这部词典中设置的专栏是独具特色的。6.参考答案：neutral7.参考答案：associative[解析]词汇意义包括概念意义和什么意义?Lexicalmeaninghastwocomponents:conceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning。答案为associative。8.参考答案：B[解析]在中古英语早期，并存的语言是法语、拉丁语和英语。凯尔特语(Celtic)仅在古英语时期有过一定的影响。9.参考答案：B[解析]TheexpansionofvocabularyinmodernEnglishdependschieflyonword-formation.现代英语中的词汇扩展主要依靠构词法。答案为B。10.参考答案：D[解析]sentenceidiomsaremainlyproverbsandsayings.句式习语主要是谚语和格言。答案为D。11.参考答案：Blending[解析]通过合并两个词的某些部分或一个词与另外一个词的一部分相加来构成新词的方法叫什么?Blendingistheformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotherword.答案为Blending。12.参考答案：C13.参考答案：C[解析]Themainbodyofadictionaryisitsdefinitionsofwords.一本词典的正文是其单词的定义。答案为C。14.参考答案：A[解析]在英语的早期即古英语中口语和书面语形式比今天的现代英语更趋于一致。答案为A。15.参考答案：A[解析]语义(sense)指的是语言内部的关系，许多古代文学作品中的词现代读者无法读懂就是因为在古代著作中，表达同一个概念或者意思，作者使用的词和现在人们通常使用的词不同。16.参考答案：Ameliorationisalsocalledelevation,atermreferringtotheprocessbywhichwordsrisefromhumblebeginningstopositionsofimportance,e.g.,"nice"usedtomean"ignorant",thenchangedto"foolish"andnowitiselevatedtomean"pleasant,delightful".17.参考答案：meaning[解析]反义词对中意义更具体的那个词经常被意义更广泛的所包含，前者被称为标记词markedterm，后者为unmarkedterm。如Howtallishisbrother?包含了Howshortishisbrother?而反之，则不能成立，即反义词对tall/short中，tall为unmarkedterm，short为markedterm，前者意思包含了后者。答案为meaning。18.参考答案：C[解析]Wordsmayfallintothebasicwordstockandnonbasicvocabularybyuseoffrequency,intocontentwordsandfunctionalwordsbynotion，andintonativewordsandborrowedwordsbyorigin．可以按使用频率，有无实义和起源来分别将词分类。答案为C。19.参考答案：D[解析]词义的降格与词义的升格相反，这是词从表示褒扬或中性的意义向表示贬义的意义的演变过程。silly一词的词义正是经历了这种变化。答案为D。20.参考答案：D21.参考答案：D22.参考答案：million23.参考答案：Acronymy[解析]由首字母组合在一起作为一个标准单词拼音的词叫做什么?Acronymyistheprocessofformingnewwordsbyjoiningtheinitiallettersofnamesofsocialandpoliticalorganizationsorspecialnounphrasesandtechnicalterms.答案为Acronymy。24.参考答案：derivation[解析]词缀法，又称为什么，是构词法之一?Thisprocessisalsoknownasderivation．答案为derivation。25.参考答案：C[解析]watergate(水门，由水门事件产生的一个新词)属于由政治变化产生的词；smartbomb(激光制导炸弹)，astrochemistry(天体化学)都是由迅速发展的科技产生的词汇；tenor(男高音)是由于社会的快速发展在乐音方面的新词汇。答案为C。26.参考答案：C[解析]Thelimitednumberofverbsiscreatedeitherthroughconversionorbackformation.有限的动词复合词是按转类法或逆生法构词的。答案为C。27.参考答案：B[解析]Thewordmanuscript,whichnowmeans"anyauthor'swritingwhetherwrittenbyhandortypedwithatype-writeroraword-processor."butitsoriginalmeaningwas"handwriting"only.manuscript现义为“手稿”，不论作者是手写还是打印，或者是用文字处理机书写，而其原义为“手迹”。答案为B。28.参考答案：B[解析]Polysemyisacommonfeaturepeculiartoallnaturallanguages.多义关系是所有自然语言都具有的共同特征。答案为B。29.参考答案：Thisstatementisfalse.Alargeproportionofidiomswereoncecreatedbyworkingpeopleofvariousoccupations,andtheseexpressionswereallcolloquialandinformal.Buttheirusefulnesshasmadethemenjoysignificantpopularityamongpeoplesothattheyhavebecomepartofthecommoncoreoflanguage.Despitethefact,idiomsaregenerallyfelttobeinformalandsomearecolloquialismsandslang,thereforeinappropriateforformalstyle.30.参考答案：negative31.参考答案：A[解析]《韦伯斯特第三版新国际大词典》是最著名的一本大型词典。答案为A。32.参考答案：C[解析]Theprimaryfunctionofsuffixesistochangethegrammaticalfunctionofstems．后缀的主要功用是改变词干意义的语法功能。答案为C。33.参考答案：Aliensareborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginalpronunciationandspelling,e.g.,kowtow,intermezzo,emir,rajaretc.34.参考答案：indication35.参考答案：B36.参考答案：D[解析]soonerorlater意为“迟早”，运用了邻接修辞，即juxtaposition。答案为D。37.参考答案：C[解析]用单独的一个词来表示原本完整的短语所表达的意思是语义变化中语言因素起作用的情况之一，在这种情况下，不管留下的部分是名词还是形容词，它们都执行名词的功能，代替整个短语的意思。38.参考答案：denizens[解析]外来语可分4类：什么、非同化词、译借词和借义词?Therearefourtypesofborrowedwords:denizens,aliens,translation-loansandsemantic-loans．答案为denizens。39.参考答案：D[解析]复合词和派生词(derivedwords)均是多词素词，它们中许多词语的意思都是其构成词素的意思的集合。在许多情况下，如果知道一个词中每一个词素的意思，就可以猜出整个词语的意思。例如，airmail就是通过空运传递的邮件，即mailbyair。40.参考答案：B[解析]extra-strong(十分强壮)，overweight(超重)，archbishop(大主教)，可见前缀extra-，over-和arch-是表示程度、大小等意义的前缀，即prefixesofdegreeorsize。答案为B。41.参考答案：Ameliorationisalsocalledelevation,atermreferringtotheprocessbywhichwordsrisefromhumblebeginningstopositionsofimportance,e.g.,"nice"usedtomean"ignorant",thenchangedto"foolish"andnowitiselevatedtomean"pleasant,delightful".42.参考答案：B概念(concept)超越了语言本身，它是人们认知的结果，是客观世界在人脑中的反映。43.参考答案：concept[解析]die和passaway表示的概念是相同的，但社会文化和文体有差异。答案为concept。44.参考答案：C[解析]Extensionofmeaningisalsofoundinmanytechnicalterms,whichasthetermsuggestsareconfinedtospecializeduse.许多意义有专指的技术术语中也有词义扩大的现象。比如说，alibi原义为“不在犯罪现场的抗辨”，现义为“辩解，托辞”。答案为C。45.参考答案：monolingual[解析]LDCE(《朗文当代英语词典》)是什么样的词典?LDCEandCCE