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CartilageCartilagecartilageCartilagetissue

ChondrocyteIntercelluarsubstancesFiberGroundsubstanceCollagenfibrilhyalinecartilageElasticfiberelasticcartilageCollagenfiberfibro-cartilageperichondriumConncectivetissue,containgchondroblastscartilageCartilagetissueCho(1)ChondrocyteLocation:atthecartilage

lacunaeStructure:LM:clearnucleoli,basophiliccytoplasmEM:abundantRERandGolicomplexFunction:synthesizeboththegroundsubstanceandfibersdividetoformclustersofchondrocytes(isogenousgroup)Interstitialgrowth(1)ChondrocyteLocation:at(2)IntercellularsubstanceGroundsubstance:acidsulphatedglycoproteinsbasophilicFibers(3)PerichondriumConncectivetissue,containgchondroblastsChondrocytedifferenciateAppositionalgrowthProtection,providenutrition,(2)IntercellularsubstanceGrHyalinecartilageTheintercellularsubstanceisamorphous:thegroundsubstanceandcollagen(typeIIcollagenfibril)havesimilarrefractiveindices.CartilagecapsuleIsogenousgroupPerichondriumHyalinecartilageTheintercellNumerousbundlesofelasticfibersinthecartilagematrixElasticcartilageNumerousbundlesofelasticfinumerousbundlesofcollagenfibersinthecartilagematrixFibrocartilagenumerousbundlesofcollageBoneBoneBoneOsseoustissueExtracellularmatrixOrganicInorganicCellsOsteoprogenitor/osteogeniccellosteoblastosteocyteosteoclastOsteumBonemarrowFunctions:supportandprotection

participatethemetabolismofcalciumandphosphateions（bonematrix）Redmarrow(active)Yellowmarrow(inactive)BoneOsseoustissueExtracellulaBonematrixOrganiccomponentCollagenfibersGroundsubstance:Glycoproteins,etc.Inorganiccomponent：bonemineral,hydroxyapatitecrystals（Ca10[PO4]6[OH]2)

Collagenfiberslieparalleloneanotherinthegroundsubstancewiththebonemineraldeposition.

osseoustissue（osteoid）BonelamellaBonematrixOrganiccomponentDiagramoftheosseoustissueosteoblastosteoprogenitorosteocyteosteoclastBonelacunaeBonelamellaDiagramoftheosseoustissueo1、osteoprogenitor/osteogeniccell

Location：surfaceoftheosseoustissue

Functions：bonegrowthcontinuousremodellingrepairofbonefracturesCells1、osteoprogenitor/os2、osteoblast

Location：surfaceoftheosseoustissueLM:basophiliccytoplasm,palestainednuclearwithaprominentnucleolusEM:abundantRERandGolgiC.

Functions:synthesizethebonematrix

(collagenfiber,glycoproteins,etc.)

2、osteoblast3、osteocyte

Location：inthebonelamellacellbody---bonelacunaecytoplasmicextensions-----canaliculi

Structure:gapjunctionsbetweentheextensionsFunctions:maintainthedynamicstateofthemineralisedbonematrix;maintainthecalciumhomeostasis3、osteocyteBonelemellaandosteocyteOsteocyteBonelamellaBonelacunaeBonecanaliculiCentralcanalBonelemellaandosteocyteOste4、osteoclast

Localization：depressionsresorbedfromthebonesurfaceLM:multinulei,acidophiliccytoplasmFunctions:osteoclasticresorptioncontributestoboneremodelling;maintainthebloodcalciumhomeostasis(responsetoparathyroidhormoneandcalcitonin)OsteoclasticresorptionCa2+(-)Ca2+4、osteoclastOsteoclasticresorDiagramoftheosseoustissueosteoblastosteoprogenitorosteocyteosteoclastBonelacunaeBonelamellaDiagramoftheosseoustissueoLongboneOsseoustissuePeriosteum,endosteumMarrowcavityArticularcartilageBloodvesselsandnervesspongybonecompactboneLongboneOsseoustissuePeriost19epiphysisepiphysisdiaphysis19epiphysisepiphysisdiaphysisSpongeboneConsistsofanetworkoffine,irregularplatescalledtrabeculaeseparatedbyintercommunicatingspacescontainingbonemarrowTrabeculae:thin,irregularbonelemellawithosteocyteinsidelinedbyendosteumtrabeculaeBonemarrowSpongeboneConsistsofanetwoCompactboneCircumferentiallamellaOuterInner:irregular

Osteon(Haversiansystem)LayersofconcentricbonelamellaedisposedaroundHaversiancanalcontainingblood,lymphaticvesselsandnerves.TheHaversiancanalsinterconnectwithoneanother,andwiththeendosteumandperiosteumviaVolkmann’scanals

interstitiallamellaIrregularlamellaebetweenintactHaversiansystemsduetoresorptionoftheformerHaversiansystemsCompactboneCircumferentiallDiaphysisoflongboneInnercircumferentiallamellaosteonInterstitiallamellaOutercircumferentiallamellaperiosteumCentralcanalendosteumCentralcanalPerforatingcanal(Haversiancanal)(Volkmanncanal)(Haversiansystem)DiaphysisoflongboneInnerciBoneBoneOsteonOsteonCompactboneCompactboneosteum

Periosteumouter：denseconnctivetissue

(perforatingfiber/Sharpey’sfiber)inner：abundantvesselsandcells

（osteoprogenitorandosteoblast）Endosteum:richinbloodvesselsandnerves,containgosteoprogenitorosteumP

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