国际贸易专业词汇

#国际贸易专业英语（商务词汇汇总）目录：一、进出口贸易词汇第2页二、贸易价格术语第5页三、贸易保险四、贸易价格术语第11页五、贸易伙伴术语第14页六、数量条件与外汇术语第16页一、进出口贸易词汇commercetheactivityofbuyingandselling,especiallyonalargescale贸易ExportDeclarationAformtobecompletedbytheexporterortheirauthorizedagentandfiledintriplicatebyacarrierwiththeUnitedStateCollectorofcustomsatthepointofexit.出口申报单3.importtobringorcarryinfromanoutsidesource,especiallytobringin(goodsormaterials)fromaforeigncountryfortradeorsale进口4.importlicenceAcertificate,issuedbycountriesexercisingimportcontrols,thatpermitsimportationofthearticlesstatedinthelicense.Theissuanceofsuchapermitfrequentlyisconnectedwiththereleaseofforeignexchangeneededtopayfortheshipmentforwhichtheimportlicensehasbeenrequested.进口许口证exportlicenceAdocumentsecuredfromagovernment,authorizinganexportertoexportaspecificquantityofaparticularcommoditytoacertaincountry.Anexportlicenseisoftenrequiredifagovernmenthasplaceembargoesorotherrestrietionsuponexports.SeeGeneralExportLicense.出口许口证6.inquiryanactofaskingforinformation询盘7.deliveryanitemoritemsdeliveredonaparticularoccasion.交货8.orderathingmade,supplied,orservedasaresultofsucharequest订货BillofLadingAdocumentthatestablishesthetermsofacontractbetweenashipperandatransportationcompanyunderwhichfreightistobemovedbetweenspecifiedpointsforaspecifiedcharge.Usuallypreparedbytheshipperonformsissuedbythecarrier,itservesasadocumentoftitle,contractofcarriage,andareceiptforgoods.AlsoseeAirWaybillandOceanBillofLading.提单EndorsementinBlankCommonlyusedonabankcheck,anendorsementinblankisanendorsementtothebearer.Itcontainsonlythenameoftheendorserandspecifiesnoparticularpayee.Also,acommonmeansofendorsingbillsofladingdawntotheorderoftheshipper.Thebillsareendorsed"For..."(seeBillofLading,Order).空白背书endorsedsign(achequeorbillofexchange)onthebacktomakeitpayabletosomeoneotherthanthestatedpayeeortoacceptresponsibilityforpayingit背书cargoreceiptIsareceiptofcargoforshipmentbyaconsolidator(usedinoceanfreight).承运货物收据catalogueapublicationcontainingdetailsandoftenphotographsofitemsforsale商品目录RedClauseLetterofCreditAletterofcreditthatallowstheexportertoreceiveapercentageofthefacevalueoftheletterofcreditinadvanceofshipment.Thisenablestheexportertopurchaseinventoryandpayothercostsassociatedwithproducingandpreparingtheexportorder.红条款信用证exportsubsidyAneconomicbenefitgrantedbyagovernmenttoproducersofgoodsorservices,oftentostrengthentheircompetitiveposition.出口津贝占favorablebalanceoftradeWhencountriesexportmorethantheyimport,theyaresaidtohaveafavorablebalanceoftrade.贸易顺差unfavorablebalanceoftradeWhentheyimportmorethantheyexport,anunfavorablebalanceoftradeexits.贸易逆差freetradezoneAportdesignatedbythegovernmentofacountryforduty-freeentryofanynon-prohibitedgoods.Merchandisemaybestored,displayed,usedformanufacturing,withinthezoneandre-exportedwithoutdutiesbeingpaid.Dutiesareimposedonthemerchandise(oritemsmanufacturedfromthemerchandise)onlywhenthegoodspassfromthezoneintoanareaofthecountrysubjecttotheCustomsAuthority.自由贸易区most-favorednationtreatment(MFNT)Thelistofacountry'simportdutiesiscalledatariffschedule.Asingletariffscheduleappliestoallgoods,nomatterwhattheircountryoforigin.Adoubleormulticolumnscheduleprovidesfordifferingratesdependingonthecountryoforigin.Mostmoderntradeagreementsaremadeonthebasisofwhatiscalledmost-favored—nationtreatment.最惠国待遇GeneralAverageWhendamagetocargoonboardavesselexceedscarrier'sinsurance,carrierwillreleasecargoonlywithanacceptanceagreementtoclaimonlyageneralpercentageofallthedamagesustained.共同海损CommercialInvoiceAnitemizedlistofgoodsshipped,usuallyincludedamonganexporter'scollectionpapers.商业发票22.OceanbillsofladingAreceiptforcargointransit,andacontractbetweentheexporterandanoceancarrierfortransportationanddeliveryofgoodstoaspecifiedpartyataspecifiedforeigndestination.Issuedafterthevesselhassailedandthecargohasbeenenteredintheship'smanifest.海运提单23・CustomsliquidationThefinalizationofacustomsentry.清关24.CustomsBondedWarehouseIsawarehousewhereimportedgoodsmaybestoredforatotalofthreeyearswithoutthepaymentofdutyortaxes・保税仓库25・dumpingsending(goodsunsaleableinthehomemarket)toaforeignmarketforsaleatalowprice・商品倾销26.exportsend(goodsorservices)toanothercountryforsale出口27・CorrespondentBankAbankthat,initsowncountry,handlesthebusinessofaforeignbank.通知行sightdraftadraftpayableuponpresentation.即期汇票transferableL/Caletterofcreditpartofwhosevaluewhentheapplicantdefaultsonanotheragreedmethodofpayment可转让信用证markinformationplacedonoutersurfaceofshippingcontainersorpackagessuchasaddresslabels,identifyingnumbers,boxspecifications,caution,ordirectionalwarning.唛头二、贸易价格术语1.FOB(freeonboard)Sellerisresponsibleforinlandfreightandallothercostsuntilthecargohasbeenloadedonthevessel/aircraft.Buyerisresponsibleforocean/airfreightandmarine/airinsurance离岸价(船上交货价)C&F(costandfreight)Isaquotedpriceincludescostofgoodsandfreight.成本加运费价(离岸加运费价)CIF(cost,insuranceandfreight)Isaquotedpriceincludescostofgoods,insuranceandfreight.到岸价(成本加运费、保险费价)reightAllmerchandise,goods,products,orcommoditiesshippedbysail,air,road,orwaterotherthanbybaggage,expressmail,orregularmail.运费wharfageAchargeassessedbyapierordockowneragainstthecargoorasteamshipcompanyforuseofthepierordock.码头费tariffcustoms,duty；DutiesoradutyimposedbyagovernmentonImportedorexportedgoods.关税commissionTheamountpaidtoanagent,whichmaybeanindividual,aborker,orafinancialinstitutionforconsummatingatransactioninvolvingsaleorpurchaseofassetsorservices.佣金returncommissionAcommissionwhichispaidbackbytheagentifapolicyiscancelledbeforeitsnormalexpirationdate.回佣，回扣netpricepriceofproduct(service)whichdoesnotcontainValueAdeedTax净价wholesalepriceWholesalingisthesaleofgoodsormerchandisetoretailers,toindustrial,commercial,institutional,orotherprofessionalbusinessusers批发价discount/allowanceAreductionfromthefullorstandardamoutofapiceordebt折扌口retailpriceThepricepaidbyaconsumertoadealerorindividualforavehicle.Thedealerorindividualsetstheretailpriceofausedcarbycalculatingthewholesalepricepaidplusreconditioningexpensesandothercosts零售价spotpricethecurrentdeliverypriceofacommoditytradedinthespotmarket现货价格currentpriceprevailingprice，thepricesofgoodsandservicesinthereferenceperiod现行价格/时价customsvaluationEstablishment,accordingtodefinedcriteria,ofthevalueofgoodsforthepurposeoflevyingadvaloremcustomsdutiesontheirimportation海关估价pricelistmeansthelistofchargesfortheProductasfoundontheSiteandVATattheprescribedrateandanyothertax,dutyorlevyimposedbylegislation.价目表stampdutystamptax，ataxcollectedbyrequiringastamptobepurchasedandattached(usuallyondocumentsorpublications).印花税revenuethetotalincomeabusinessfirmorgovernmentreceivesfromallsource税收，收入forwardpriceReferstosalesintothefutureofaphysicalcommoditybytheuseofforwardcontractingorfuturesandoptionshedging.Itisamarketingtoolforgrainbuyersandsellers.期货(远期)价格，期货价deductionanamountthatisormaybededucted；theactofdeducting；subtraction扣除(额)减除(额)averagecostUsuallyreferstoaveragetotalcost，whichisthetotalcostofproductionofagoodorservice(includingthecostsoffixedinputsandvariableinputs)dividedbythequantityproduced.平均成本22.interestrateThefeechargedbyalendertoaborrowerfortheuseofborrowedmoney，usuallyexpressedasanannualpercentageoftheprincipal；therateisdependentuponthetimevalueofmoney，thecreditriskofthebprrowedandtheonflationrate.利率Interestratescanbecalculatedassimple，compoundedoreffective.23.importsurchargeAtemporarytaxonimportsoverandaboveestablishedtariffs,usuallyenactedintimesofeconomiccrisis进口附加税24.importlicenceAnimportlicenseisadocumentissuedbyanationalgovernmentauthorizingtheimportationofcertaingoodsintoitsterritory.进口许口证exportlicenceAdocumentsecuredfromagovernment,authorizinganexportertoexportaspecificquantityofaparticularcommoditytoacertaincountry.Anexportlicenseisoftenrequiredifagovernmenthasplaceembargoesorotherrestrietionsuponexports.SeeGeneralExportLicence出口许口证totalvaluefacevalue*placevalue.总值world(International)MarketpriceWorldmarketpricesofcommoditiesexchange国际市场价格28.openaccountCreditextendedthatisnotsupportedbyanote，mortage，orotherformalwrittenevidenceofindebtedness.Becausethismethodposesanobviousrisktothesupplier，itisessentialthatthebuy'sintegritybyunquestionable.赊账29.averagepriceThepriceofahomedeterminedbytotalingthesalespricesofallhousessoldinanareaanddividingthatnumberbythenumberofhomes.平均价格30.PortofDischargePortwherevesselisoffloadedandcargodischarges.卸货港..2.13.三、贸易保险、国际组织术语Insurer:insurancecompany:afinancialinstitutionthatsellsinsurance保险人Insured:apersonwhoseinterestsareprotectedbyaninsurancepolicy投保人Insurancepolicy:AnInsurancecontractdeterminesthelegalframeworkunderwhichthefeaturesofaninsurancepolicyareenforced.保险单proximatecause:aneventsufficientlyrelatedtoalegallyrecognizableinjurytobeheldthecauseofthatinjury.近因原则TotalLoss:Totaled(shorthandfortotalloss)isatermusedintheinsuranceindustry.Generally,theinsuranceproviderwillonlypayoutthelessercostofbuyingareplacementvehicle,insteadofpayingtorepairtheoldonetoitspreviousstate.全部损失/全损PICC:People'sInsuranceCompanyofChina.aChineseinsurancecompany中国人民保险公司C.:ChinaInsuranceClause中国保险条款W/Wclause:WarehousetoWarehouseClause仓至仓条款AllRisks：Thisisaninsurancetermandthe“AllRisks”insurancewillnormallycoveragainstallrisksofwhatevernatureprovidedthattheyarerisksandnotcertaintie.—切险W.A./W.P.A：(WithAverageorWithParticularAverage)Aninsurancetermmeaningthatpartiallossordamageofgoodsisinsured.Generallymustbecausedbyseawater.Manyhaveaminimumpercentageofdamagebeforepayment.Maybeextendedtocoverlossbytheft,pilferage,delivery,leakage,andbreakage.水渍险F.P.A.：(FreeofParticularAverage)Atermusedinmarineinsurancepoliciestoindicatethatwhiletheunderwriterisunwillingtoassumeliabilityforordinarypartiallossesduetothepeculiarqualitiesoftheparticulararticleortoitsformofpackage,heiswillingtobearpartiallosses,thedirectresultofstranding,sinking,burning,collision,orothernamedperil平安险WarRisk:Thepossibleaggressiveactionsagainstashipanditscargobyabelligerentgovernment.Thisriskcanbeinsuredbyamarinepolicywithariskclause.战争险Strike，riotsandcivelcommotion：(S.R.C.C.)Aninsuranceclausereferringtolossordamagedirectlycausedbystrikers,locked-outworkmen,

personsparticipationinlabordisturbances,andriotsofvariouskinds.Theordinarymarineinsurancepolicydoesnotcoverthisrisk;coverageagainstitcanbeaddedonlybyendorsement.罢工、暴动、民变险Claim:anassertionofaright(astomoneyorproperty)索赔Disputes:disputeisacommencementofaconflictbetweenstatementsofacceptedfactandaneworunacceptedproposalthatdisagreeswith,arguesagainst,ordebatestheacceptedknowledgeoropinion.争议Penalty:theactofpunishing罚金条款Arbitration:(law)thehearinganddeterminationofadisputebyanimpartialrefereeagreedtobybothparties仲裁ForceMajeure:alleventswhicharebeyondthecontrolofthePartiestothisContract,andwhichareunforeseen,unavoidableorinsurmountable,andwhichariseaftertheEffectiveDateandWhichpreventtotalorpartialperformancebyandParty.不可抗力Arbitraltribunal:Anarbitraltribunal(orarbitrationtribunal)isapanelofoneormoreadjudicatorswhichisconvenedandsitstoresolveadisputebywayofarbitration.仲裁庭ArbitrationClause:Isastandardclausetobeincludedinthecontractsofexportersandimporters,assuggestedbytheAmericanArbitrationAssociation.ItstatesthatanycontroversyorclaimwillbesettledbyarbitrationinaccordancewiththerulesoftheAmericanArbitrationAssociation.仲裁条款Certificateoforigin:Astatementsignedbytheexporter,orhisagent,andattestedtobyalocalChamberofCommerce,indicatingthatthegoodsbeingshipped,oramajorpercentageofthem,originatedandwereproducedintheexporter'scountry产地证明书Inspectioncertificate:Adocumentcertifyingthatmerchandise(suchasperishablegoods)wasingoodsconditionimmediatelypriortoshipment.品质检验证书WTO：(WorldTradeOrganization)aninternationalorganizationdesignedtosuperviseandliberalizeinternationaltrade.世界贸易组织IMF：(InternationalMonetaryFund)aninternationalorganizationthatoverseestheglobalfinancialsystembyfollowingthemacroeconomicpoliciesofitsmembercountries,inparticularthosewithanimpactonexchangeratesandthebalanceofpayments.国际货币基金组织EFTA：(EuropeanFreeTradeAssociation)aEuropeantradeblocwhichwasestablishedasanalternativeforEuropeanstateswhodidnotjointhethen-EuropeanEconomicCommunity.欧洲自由贸易联盟AFTA：(ASEANFreeTradeArea)atradeblocagreementbytheAssociationofSoutheastAsianNationssupportinglocalmanufacturinginallASEANcountries.东盟自由贸易区JCCT：(China-USJointCommissiononCommerceandTrade)中美商贸联委会NAFTA：(NorthAmericanFreeTradeArea)atrilateraltradeblocinNorthAmericacreatedbythegovernmentsoftheUnitedStates,Canada,andMexico.北美自由贸易区UNCTAD：(UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment)ItistheprincipalorganoftheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblydealingwithtrade,investmentanddevelopmentissues.联合国贸易与发展会议GATT：(GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade)theoutcomeofthefailureofnegotiatinggovernmentstocreatetheInternationalTradeOrganization(ITO).关贸总协定四、贸易价格术语stocks[massnoun]thecapitalraisedbyabusinessorcorporationthroughtheissueandsubscriptionofshares资本，股本cashsaleAlegaltermdenotingamercantiletransactioninwhichtitletomerchandisepasseswhenthebuyerpaystheseller.现货purchasetheacquisitionofsomethingforpayment;购买，进货bulksalesometimescalledabulktransfer,isasaleofgoodsbyabusinessthatrepresentsallorsubstantiallyallofitsinventorytoasinglebuyerunlesssuchasalewouldbecommonintheordinarycourseofitsbusiness.整批销售，趸售distributionchannelsDistribution(orplace)isoneofthefourelementsofmarketingmix.Anorganizationorsetoforganizations(go-betweens)involvedintheprocessofmakingaproductorserviceavailableforuseorconsumptionbyaconsumerorbusinessuser.销售渠道wholesalehistoricallycalledjobbing，isthesaleofgoodsormerchandisetoretailers，toindustrial，commercial，institutional，orotherprofessionalbusinessusers，ortootherwholesalersandrelatedsubordinatedservices.批发retailtradeRetailingconsistsofthesaleofgoodsormerchandisefromafixedlocation，suchasadepartmentstoreorkiosk，orbypost，insmallorindividuallotsfordirectconsumptionbythepurchaser.零售业hire-purchasemethodofbuyingsomethingbypayingoveranextendedperiod分期付款购买exclusiverightInAnglo-Saxonlaw，anexclusiverightisadefacto，non-tangibleprerogativeexistinginlaw(thatis，thepoweror，inawidersense，right)toperformanactionoracquireabenefitandtopermitordenyotherstherighttoperformthesameactionortoacquirethesamebenefit.独家经营/专营权unfaircompetitionCommercialconductthatthelawviewsasunjust.不合理竞争dumpingsellinggoodsabroadatapricebelowthatchargedinthedomesticmarket商品倾销antidumpingtheactofamanufacturerinonecountryexportingaproducttoanothercountryatapricewhichiseitherbelowthepriceitchargesinitshomemarketorisbelowitscostsofproduction反倾销unfavorablebalanceoftradeAnexpressiondenotingasituationwhereageographicalentity(beitanation，region，state，orcity)importsmoregoodsandservicesthanitexports.Itis

6.27.usedtodescibethesituationforbothindividualgoodsorservicesandforallgoodsandservicescombined.贸易逆差freetradeFreetradeexistswhentheinernationalexchangeofgoodsisneitherrestrictednorencouragedbygovernment-imposedtradebarriers.Subsequently,thedeterminationofthedistributionandlevelofinternationaltradeislefttotheoperationofmarketforces.自由贸易non-tariffbarriersEconomic,political,administrativeorlegalimpedimentstotradeotherthanduties,taxesandimportquotas.非关税壁垒favorablebalanceoftradeAnyexcessofcreditsoverdebitsattheendofagivenaccountingperiod.贸易顺差partialshipmentAprocessinwhichastoreships/providesonlysomeofthegoods/servicesinasingleorder.Therefore,thePostAuthamountwouldbelessthantheamountoftheapprovedPreAuthfortheorder.分批装运restraintoftrade[massnoun](Law)actionthatinterfereswithfreecompetitioninamarket(律)贸易限制，贸易管制SettlementAsthesalestransactionvaluemovesfromthemerchanttotheacquiringbank,totheissuer,eachpartybuysandsellsthesalesticket.Settlementiswhatoccurswhentheacquiringbankandtheissuerexchangedataorfundsduringtransactions.清算,交割tradeconsultationAnactofprocesswhereadviceisgivenorviewsareexchanged.贸易磋商bondedwarehouseacustoms-controlledwarehousefortheretentionofimportedgoodsuntilthedutyowedispaid.保税仓库chaindebtsCompetitiveproductsorknock-outproducts;blockbuster;coreproduct;Downsizingforefficiency;cutpayrolltoimproveefficiency三角债...sanctionAcoercivemeasureadoptedusuallybyseveralnationsactingtogetheragainstanationviolatinginternationallaw.国际制裁customsbondCustomsBonds(alsoknownasSuretyBonds)arerequiredbytheU.S.CustomsService(Title19USC,section1623)asameanstoensurethatimportersguaranteepaymentintheeventthatliquidateddamagesareassessedagainstshipmentsimportedintothecountry.海关担保consignment[massnoun]theactionofconsigningordeliveringsomething.寄售taxrebateAtaxrefundortaxrebateisarefundontaxeswhenthetaxliabilityislessthanthetaxespaid.出口退税freightforwarderAfreightforwarder(oftenjustforwarder)isathirdpartylogisticsprovider.Asathirdparty(ornonasset

based)provideraforwarderdispatchesshipmentsviaassetbasedcarriersandbooksorotherwisearrangesspaceforthoseshipments.货运代理28.RTA(RegionalTradeArrangements)ResourceprovidedbyWTOonregionaleconomicintegrationlikecustomsunionandfreetradearea.Includesthelistingofsuchagreements.区域贸易安排29.INT(auction)avarietyofbridgeinwhichtricksmadeinexcessofthecontractarescoredtowardgame;nowgenerallysupersededbycontractbridge.扌白卖30.agencyagreementInsomestates,thetermdescribingalistingunderwhichthebrokerOscommissionisprotectedagainstasalebyotheragentsbutnotbyasalebytheprincipal.CalledaOnon-exclusiveOlistinginsomestates.代理协议五、贸易伙伴术语manufacturerpeoplewhomakeorproducesomethingbymachineryinafactory制造商middlemaapersonwhobuysgoodsfromproducersandsellsthemtoretailersorconsumers中间商，经纪人dealerapersonorbusinessthatbuysandsellsgoods;apersonwhobuysandsellsshares,securities,orotherfinancialassetsasaprincipal(ratherthanasabrokeroragent).经销商;交易员，证券商wholesalersomeonewhobuyslargequantitiesofgoodsandresellstomerchantsratherthantotheultimatecustomers批发商retaileramerchantwhosellsgoodsatretail零售商merchanapersonorcompanyinvolvedinwholesaletrade,especiallyonedealingwithforeigncountriesorsupplyingmerchandisetoaparticulartrade商人，批发商，零售商concessionairetheholderofaconcessionorgrant,especiallyfortheuseoflandorcommercialpremisesorfortradingrights受让人consumerthepersonwhopurchasesgoodsandservicesforpersonaluse消费者，用户clientapersonororganizationusingtheservicesoralawyerorotherprofessionalpersonorcompany委托人，顾客，客户buyerapersonwhomakesapurchase买主carrierapersonorthingthatcarries,holds,orconveyssomething承运人consigneethepersontowhommerchandiseisdeliveredover收货人freightforwardertheintermediarybetweenthecarrierandtheshipper,whoisentrustedbytheshipper,andhandlesloadingandunloadingandothertransportationbusinessforthegoodsimported/exportedinhisownname,andchargethefreightandcommision货运代理人14.insurancebrokeronekindofinsurancesalespersonrepresentingthecustomerinsteadoftheinsurancecompany保险经纪人15.exportmanagementcompanyaprivatefirmthatservesastheexportdepartmentforseveralproducersofgoodsorservices,eitherbytakingtitleorbysolicitingandtransactingexportbusinessonbehalfofitsclientsinreturnforacommission,salary,orretainerpluscommission出口经营商commissionhouseanorganizationthattradescommoditiesand/orfuturesandoptionscontractsforcustomeraccountsinreturnforafee佣金行，委托交易行thedrawerthepersonwhowritesacheckordraftinstructingthedraewwtopaysomeoneelse发票人，出票人，开票人thedraweetheindividualorfirmonwhomadraftisdrawnandwhoowestheindicatedamount付款人thepayeeonewhoreceivesapayment,suchasthroughcash,check,moneyorder,orpromissorynote收款人，领款人20.importmerchantafirmlocatedintheforeignmarketthatpuchasesgoodsfromabroadforre-saleinhishomemarket进口批发商21.multinationalcorporation(MNC)amultinationalcorporationisabusinessenterprisethatretainsdirectinvestmentsoverseasandthatmaintainsvalue-addesholdingsinmorethanonecountry跨国公司subsidiaryasubsidiaryisacompanywhichisownedorcontrolledbyanotherfirmorcompany子公司jointventureatypeofpartialstructuralintegrationinwhichoneormoreseparateorganizationscombimeresourcestoachieveastatedobjective合资企业24.whollyownedsubsidiaryasubsidiarysubstantiallyallofwhoseoutstandingvotingsecuritiesareownedbyitsparentand/ortheparent'sotherwhollyownedsubsidiaries全资子公司25.majorityownedsubsidiaryasubsidiarymorethan50percentofwhoseoutstandingvotingsharesisownedbyitsparentand/ortheparent'sothermajority-ownedsubsidiaries控股子公司26.offeranamountofmoneythatsomeoneiswillingtopayforsomething出盘，出价27.counterofferofferandacceptanceanalysisisatraditionalapproachincontractlawusedtodeterminewhetheranagreementexistsbetweentwoparties还盘，还价28.indentmakearequisitionorwrittenorderforsomething订单29.bidofferacertainpriceforsomething,especiallyatanauction递盘30.referencepriceapricecalculatedcontinuouslyupdatedinrealtimeandrepresentingaweightedaverageofprices参考价六、数量条件与外汇术语number①thepropertypossessedbyasumortotalorindefinitequantityofunitsorindividuals②aconceptofquantityinvolvingzeroandunits个数netweight(ActualNetWeight)Weightofgoodsalonewithoutanyimmediatewrappings.净重capacityThemaximumloadageneratingunit,generatingstation,orotherelectricalapparatusisratedtocarry.容积volumeAunitofthreedimensionalmeasureofspacethatcomprisesalength,awidthandaheight.体积tareanadjustmentmadefortheweightofthepackaginginordertodeterminethenetweightofthegoods.皮重grossweighEntireweightofgoods,packing,andcontainer,,readyforshipment.毛重7・quality①anessentialanddistinguishingattributeofsomethingorsomeone.②acharacteristicpropertythatdefinestheapparentindividualnatureofsomething.品质duplicatesampleOneoftwosamplescollectedatasamplingpointatthesametimeinamannerthatminimizesdifferencesbetweenthesamples.复样Specifytostipulateasaconditionorrequirementinacontractoragreement说明countersamplePre-productionsamplessentfromavendorforpurposessuchasfitting,commentsonexecutionorinterpretationofadesignormodel.对等样品criterionastandard,rule,ortestonwhichajudgmentordecisioncanbebased.标准catalogueAcompletelistinprintedorelectronicformatofthestockheldinaparticularcollection,library,orgroupof