2017年高二英语人教版选修8学案：Unit2CloningSectionⅠ

Unit2Cloning重要词汇重要词汇相关提示payoff得到好结果；取得成功；偿清掌握payoff的多个含义castdown沮丧；不愉快注意cast及castdown的用法objectionn．不赞成；反对；异议记住objection及动词object的用法，比如object常与介词to连用obtainvt.获得；赢得记住obtain与其近义词的区别forbidvt.禁止；不准掌握forbid后接动名词和不定式的区别infavourof赞成；支持记住由favour构成的常用短语的用法owevt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……注意owe和own在拼写和意义上的不同retirevi.退休；离开掌握retire及其形容词的用法bothervt.打扰vi.操心n．烦扰注意bother的不同用法，比如bothersb.withsth.(be)boundto(do)．..一定或注定(做)……注意由bound构成的常用短语的用法strikevt.&vi牢记strike的多种含义以及短语oone'sheart的用法fromtimetotime不时；偶尔注意其同义词，如sometimes，attimes等bringbacktolife使复生；使复活牢记由bring构成的相关短语vainadj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的掌握由vain构成的常用短语的用法resistvt.抵抗；对抗注意resist后接名词或动词­ing形式作宾语的用法ingood/poorcondition状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)记住该词组中没有冠词重点句型1．Cloningscientistswerecastdowntofindthat...(Sb.becastdowntofindthat...某人发现……感到很沮丧。)2．Ontheotherhand，Dolly'sappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.(Ontheotherhand，...另一方面……；haveagreatimpacton...对……有重要的影响)3．Isitinfavourofcloningoragainstit？(Isitinfavourof...or...？它是赞成还是……？)4．Dolly'sdeath，likeherbirth，wasboundtoraiseworries.(Sth.isboundto...某事注定……)5．Alleffortsofcloningananimalwillbeinvainifthereisnotenoughdiversityinthegrouptoovercomeillnesses.(if引导条件状语从句)6．Iagreewith...because...我同意……因为……7．Yourargumenthasconvincedmebecause...你的论点令我信服，因为……重点语法复习同位语和同位语从句。写作要求运用本单元所学的单词、短语、句型、语法和文体，学会描述一个话题讨论。模拟一场关于克隆的记者招待会，课后把招待会的内容整理成书面材料，在班刊、级刊或校刊上发表。SectionⅠ—WarmingUp，Pre­reading，Reading&Comprehending一、看下面的图片，回答下列问题1．Theseanimalshavealreadybeenclonedbyhumanbeings.Howaretheydifferentfromotheranimals?________________________________________________________________________2．Doyouknowanyotheranimalsthathavebeenclonedbyhumanbeings?________________________________________________________________________3．Whatdoyouthinkofcloning?First，___________________________________________________________________Second，_________________________________________________________________Third，__________________________________________________________________Fourth，_________________________________________________________________…二、将单词与对应的释义搭配起来A B1．cast a．togetsomethingyouwant2．obtain b．inall，completely3．object c．tothrow4．altogether d．tobedifferentfromsomethinginsomeway5．differ e．todisapproveofsomething三、阅读CLONING：WHEREISITLEADINGUS？完成下列表格(每空不止一词)ProblemsordangersofcloningAdvantagesofcloningTheclonedanimalsmay__1__ofolderanimals.Medicalcloningcould__5__forseriousdegenerative(变质的)illnessesinhumans.Theclonedanimalsmay__2__thanthedonoranimals.Cloningplantscan__6__ofsimilarqualityforsale.__3__maywanttoclonethemselves.Cloningplantscanbeusefulforresearchon__7__.Thereare__4__tocloninghumanbeings.Cloningcanhelpsave__8__.四、阅读CLONING：WHEREISITLEADINGUS？回答下列问题1．Whatarepeoplecloningnow?A．Theyarecloningbooksandmachines.B．Theyarecloninghumansandanimals.C．Theyarecloningplantsandscience.D．Theyarecloningtrees，crops，grass，flowers，etc.，aswellasanimals.2．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataclonedanimal______.A．usuallylivesaslongastheoriginalone B．usuallyliveslongerthantheoriginaloneC．usuallylivesshorterthantheoriginalone D．isusuallyashealthyastheoriginalone3．WhathappenedtoDollythesheep?A．Sheislivinghealthily. B．Shebecameillanddiedatlast.C．Herchildalsodiedattheageofsix. D．Allthescientistswerenotsadaboutherdeath.4．Fromthepassage，wecansee______.A．Dolly'soriginalsheeplived13yearsB．Dolly'sbabywasalsoaclonedoneC．newspapersdidnotdisclosecloningsheepD．officialsneverbecamenervousaboutcloningsheep5．Wecanusetheskillofcloningto______.A．bringaboutglobalpeace B．createotherfamousscientistsC．improvethedevelopmentoflearninglanguage D．curesomespecialdiseases答案：一、1.Theywereclonedwhileotheranimalswerebornbytheirmothers.Eachofthemisacopyofanotheranimal.2．Answerswillvary.3.Answerswillvary.二、1.c2.a3.e4.b5.d三、1.developtheillnesses2.dieyounger3.Evilleaders4.moralduceduceplants7.newplantspecies8.endangeredanimals四、1～5DCBAD1．Thinkabouthowtheydiffer.想想它们有什么不同。考点：differvi.不同；相异HesaidIhadcopiedheranswer，butinfact，myanswerdifferedfromhers.他说我抄袭她的答案，但是事实上，我的答案和她的不同。People，however，differintheiropinionsonthismatter.然而，人们在这个问题上看法相异。Youshouldpaymoreattentiontounitingandworkingwiththosewhodifferwith/fromyouaboutit.你应该更注意团结那些在这件事情上与你意见不同的人一道工作。归纳：AdiffersfromBA与B不同AandBdifferin...A和B在……不同Adifferswith/fromBon/aboutsth.关于某事A与B的看法不同bedifferentfrom与……不同单项填空1)Tom______hisfather______characterandsomeeverydayhabits.A．differsin；from B．differsfrom；inC．differentfrom；in D．isdifferent；from2)Canyouthinkofasituationinwhichthetwo______fromeachother?A．differs B．differ C．different D．difference3)Thebrotherslookalike，buttheydifferwidely______eachother______theirtastes.A．from；in B．from；about C．in；from D．in；about2．Butatlastthedeterminationandpatienceofthescientistspaidoffin1996withabreakthrough—thecloningofDollythesheep.但是决心和耐心使科学家们最终于1996年收获了突破性的结果——克隆羊“多莉”。考点：payoff得到好结果；取得成功；偿清Tenyearsofhardworkfinallypaidoffandhebecameamillionaire.十年的艰苦劳动终于有了结果，他成了百万富翁。Theytookahellofriskanditpaidoffatlast.他们冒了很大的风险，最终取得了成功。Fiveyearslater，Mr.Wangpaidoffthedebtsforhisson'sschooling.五年后，王先生还清了儿子上学的债务。payoff还有“付清薪水予以解雇”的含义。如：Anothertenworkershavebeenpaidoffinthecompany.这家公司又有十名工人被结清工资解雇了。单项填空1)Thehouseisfinishedatlast.Alltheirhardworkhas______.A．paidback B．paidup C．paidoff D．paidfor2)Atfirst，Ithoughttheinvestmentwasabigrisk，butitfinally______.A．turnedoff B．paidoff C．tookoff D．gaveoff词语替换3)Hisdevotiontothecountrywas_rewardedandhewasregardedasthegoodexampleofchildren.________________________________________________________________________4)Ourplanfinallysucceeded_soitprovedtobeagreatidea.________________________________________________________________________3．CloningscientistswerecastdowntofindthatDolly'sillnessesweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal.研究克隆的科学家们发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上，这让他们很沮丧。剖析：tofind是不定式短语作原因状语。Theyarepleasedtoseetheirfriends.见到朋友，他们很高兴。考点：castvt.Theboycastastoneintothepond.那个男孩往池塘里扔了一颗石子。Hecastmealookofdoubt.他向我投以怀疑的目光。Assoonastheyreachedthefishingarea，thefishermencasttheirnetsintothesea.渔民们一到捕鱼区就把渔网撒进了大海。castdown沮丧；不愉快Hewascastdownbywhathismanagersaid.他的经理说的话使他沮丧。Iwasmuchcastdownbytheresultoftheexperiment.我被实验的结果弄得很不愉快。castdown还有“垂下”的含义。Asthedroughthaslastedforthreemonths，theleavesarecastingdown.干旱持续了三个月，树叶都垂了下来。单项填空1)Wewereastonished______thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.A．finding B．tofind C．find D．tobefound完成句子2)Shewasmuch__________(沮丧)whensheheardthatshewasnotacceptedbytheuniversity.3)Standingtimidlybeforetheteacher，thegirl______(垂下)hereyes.4．Ontheotherhand，Dolly'sappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.另一方面，多莉的出世引起了一阵强烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了巨大的影响。考点一：ontheotherhand另一方面……Ontheonehand，alotofpeoplearegoingtotheUSA，butontheotherhand，alotofpeoplearecomingbackfromthere.一方面，许多人打算去美国；另一方面，很多人又打算从那儿回来。归纳：ontheonehand常与ontheotherhand连用，意为“______________”。含有hand的常用短语：athand在手边，在近处，即将到来。如：Helivescloseathand.他就住在附近。byhand用手工。如：Theletterwaswrittenbyhand.这封信是手写的(即不是打印的)。give/lendsb.ahand帮某人一把。如：It'sreallyheavy—canyougive/lendmeahand?这东西确实很重，你能帮我一下吗？考点二：objectionn．不赞成；反对；异议Noobjectionswereraisedatthemeeting.会上没有人提出异议。Wehave/takeobjectiontoteamingupwiththem.我们不赞成和他们合作。Hehasastrongobjectiontosmokinginpublic，especiallywithfemalespresent.他强烈反对在公共场合吸烟，尤其是有女性在场的情况下。objectvi.反对；不赞成ThestudentsobjectedtostudyingonSundaysbuttheirparentsdidnot.学生们反对星期天上课，但是父母不反对。Iobjecttotheproposal.我不赞成这个提议。Doyouobjecttoit？你反对这件事情吗？归纳：objectto中的to是个____，常接____、____或____作宾语。考点三：haveagreatimpacton...对……有重要的影响Modernsciencehasagreatimpactonthewholesociety.现代科学对整个社会有重要的影响。同义词：haveagreateffecton单项填空1)Themajorityofthepeople______infavouroftheplan.However，I______theplanonthegroundsthatitistooexpensive.A．were；approvedof B．were；objectedtoC．was；preparedfor D．was；longedfor2)TheimpactofEinstein'sbreakthroughinthefieldofphotoelectriceffect______theunderstandingoftheuniversewassimplytremendous.A．in B．on C．with D．about3)Manypeoplewanttobuyitbecause______，thepriceisreasonableand______，it'sratherdurable(耐用的)．A．atoneside；attheotherside B．notonly；alsoC．ontheonehand；ontheotherhand D．inonepart；intheotherpart5．Althoughatpresenthumaneggcellsandembryosneededforcloningresearcharedifficulttoobtain，newspaperswroteofevilleadershopingtoclonethemselvestoattaintheirambitions.尽管目前用于克隆研究的人类卵细胞和胚胎很难获得，但报纸报道说，有些邪恶头目希望把自己克隆出来以实现他们的野心。剖析：过去分词短语neededforcloningresearch作定语修饰humaneggcellsandembryos。如：Haveyouboughtthenovelrecommendedbytheprofessor?你买了教授推荐的那本小说了吗？考点：obtainvt.获得；赢得Mybrotherworkedhardandobtainedascholarship.我的弟弟努力学习并获得了奖学金。Whathehasdoneobtainshimrespect.他的所作所为为他赢得了尊敬。归纳：obtain可以接名词作宾语，也可以接______，构成obtainsb.sth.。1)obtain还可以表示“(规则、制度、习俗等)存在”“流行”“通行”。如：Thiscustomstillobtainsinthistown.这种习俗仍旧在这个城镇存在。Differentlawsobtainindifferentplaces.不同的法律通行于不同的地方。2)辨析obtain，win，gain和earn：①obtain多用于正式文体，表示经过相当长的时间或很大的努力，获得期望已久的东西。Ifinallymanagedtoobtainacopyofthereport.我终于设法弄到了这个报告的复印件。②win表示赢得战争、比赛、奖励或尊敬等。It'scertainthathewillwintheprize.他肯定会得奖。③gain侧重经过努力或有意识的行动而取得某种成就或获得某种利益或好处。Manycountrieshavegainednationalindependenceafterprolongedstruggles.许多国家经过长期的斗争而获得了民族独立。④earn侧重指通过自己的劳动或因付出代价或有功而获得。Ifyougrantmyrequest，youwillearnmythanks.如果你答应我的请求，就会获得我的感谢。单项填空1)TsinghuaUniversity，______in1911，ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.A．found B．founding C．founded D．tobefounded2)Thefactshavebeen______fromthousandsofstudentsintheirfirstyearofuniversitystudybyaskingsuchquestionsasthese.A．made B．differed C．obtained D．shaved单词拼写3)Thejournalistsimmediatelysetoutto______(获取)theseimportantfacts.4)Whattheydid______(赢得)themloveandrespectofothers.6．Somebegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsandforbaderesearchintohumancloning，butothercountrieslikeChinaandtheUK，continuedtoaccumulateevidenceoftheabundantmedicalaidthatcloningcouldprovide.有些(政府)开始改革司法制度，禁止进行克隆人类的研究，但是其他的国家，如中国和英国，则仍在继续收集克隆技术有可能提供丰富的医疗救助的证据。考点一：forbidvt.Smokingshouldbeforbiddeninpublicplaces.公共场所应禁止吸烟。Myparentsforbidmetodrinktoomuch.我的父母不准我喝太多酒。归纳：forbid接____________而不接动词不定式作宾语，但可以接动词不定式作____________。1)forbidsb.(from)doingsth.禁止某人做某事Modestyforbademe(from)mentioningthatmynovelhadbeenpublished.我不好意思说我的小说已经出版了。2)forbiddenadj.被禁止的theForbiddenCity紫禁城3)同forbid一样接动词­ing形式不接动词不定式作宾语的动词还有suggest，advise，enjoy，mind，practise，appreciate，deny，admit，avoid，consider，excuse，allow，permit，imagine，delay，miss，risk等。Wesuggestfinishingthetaskaheadoftime.我们建议提前完成工作。Theyareconsideringleavingearly.他们正考虑着早点离开。考点二：accumulatevt.积累；聚积Heaccumulatedmanybooks.他积累了许多书。Theysettoworkaccumulatingahugemassofdata.他们开始累积大量数据。accumulatevi.(数量)逐渐增加；(质量)渐渐提高Theman'sdebtsbegantoaccumulate.那个人的债务开始增加。单项填空1)Clinicalevidencebeganto______，suggestingthatthenewdrugshadawiderrangeofusefulactivitiesthanhadbeenpredictedfromexperimentsinanimals.A．operate B．strengthen C．approve D．accumulate2)Billsuggested______ameetingonwhattodoforthe2012OlympicGamesduringthevacation.A．havingheld B．tohold C．holding D．hold3)Mostoftheparentsagreeto