中南大学四级辅导-快速阅读理解省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课百校联赛优质课一等奖课件

四级辅导冲刺点评之快速阅读1/62四级考试：第一部分：听力(时间:35minutes)(分值:249分)

对话(短对话和长对话)(形式为多项选择)

短文(短文了解和短文听写)(形式为分别为多项选择和复合式听写)

第二部分：阅读(时间:40minutes)(分值:249分)

快速阅读

(15minutes)(形式为是非判断/多项选择+句子填空或其它)

仔细阅读(25m)(篇章阅读了解和篇章词汇了解)（形式为分别为多项选择和选词填空)

第三部分：综合测试(时间:20minutes)(分值:70分)

完型填空或改错(15m)(形式分别为多项选择和错误识别并更正)

篇章问答或句子翻译(5m)(形式为简短回答或汉译英)

第四部分：写作(时间:30minutes)(分值:142分)

2/62

outline快速阅读Readingcomprehension(skimmingandscanning)仔细阅读Readingcomprehension(readingindepth)篇章层次词汇了解

选词填空SectionABankedcloze选择题型篇章阅读了解

SectionBreadingcomprehension3/62一、进行快速阅读必要条件

进行英语快速阅读必要条件是：基本知识、语言基础、阅读技能、快速阅读不是一个孤立能力，它必须以了解一

定基本知识为先决条件，以具备一定词汇和基本语法为基础，还要掌握一些主要阅读技能。

4/62语言基础知识主要指词汇量和句型结构。要有一定词汇量。这包含两部分，一是公共部分，二是专业部分。我认为公共英语部分最少要到达4，000个单词量，而专业部分最好要有1，500个词汇量。要有一定句型分析能力。英语文章最大语法难点是句型，句型中难点是定语从句。一个句子很长，往往是因为定语从句连环套在作怪，定语中套着定语。这么连环从句表示专业概念非常严谨，却给我们阅读带来困难。所以，我们要能够进行层次分析，准确把握各从句之间关系，才能提升阅读速度。同时，要了解词性改变，名词动用和动词名用。至于时态等其它语法现象对我们具备一定语法知识参试人员来说，基本上构不成多大障碍。

5/62二难度快速阅读文章虽长（1200字，仔细阅读平均每篇330个字），不过从内容上说，主要探讨环境、社会、教育、能源等，大都是通俗易懂说明文，没有学术色彩和思想深度；从语言上来说，遣词造句都比较简单。6/62三阅读过程中障碍

1.阅读行为习惯影响

（1）出声读。

（2）逐字读。

（3）默读。（4）指读。（5）回读。7/62四快速阅读题型解析快速阅读要求考生在15分钟内完成一篇1200字左右文章和后面10道题。前面7个题是判断正误（包含NOTGIVEN）或者选择题，后3个是填空题(答案基本都是原文中出现原词)。该题型需要经过略读和寻读法，乃至文章逻辑关系、标点符号等方面综合利用，实现对随即题目有效判断和填写。注意考试时间和填卡。8/62Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.9/62Directions：Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1—7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）,andD）.Forquestions8—10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.10/62五快速阅读方法阅读不一样类型文章能够采取不一样策略和方法。在快速阅读中，略读和扫读是经惯用到阅读方法，对学生来说并不陌生，掌握也不困难。经过略读把握文章大意，经过扫读（寻读）确定细节信息或经过精读详细了解信息。11/62快速阅读方法Skimming略读（或称为跳跃式阅读）重点在于快速了解文章中心思想。略读方法是首先看一下标题（在有标题情况下）。接着读第一段，抓住中心思想。再浏览一下其它段落首句和末句。最终读完结尾段。Scanning是扫读或查阅，是快读或速读一个。寻读重点在于有目标地去找出文中一些特定信息。寻读时，要以很快速度扫视文章，确定所查询信息范围。同时明确查询信息特点。精读（readingfordetail）是指阅读文章特定词汇和仔细思索文章中句子。在阅读过程中利用这种技巧能够准确完成细节问题。通常来说，考生首先必须略读或扫读文章以确定考点在文章中详细定位，再经过细节阅读，确定题目答案。略读和寻读巧妙搭配12/62注意一些“信号词”1.以下词组提醒下文所包括重要信息：The

main

/

important

point

/

conclusion

/

reasonThe

point

to

note

here…2.以下词组提醒了下文结构框架：

There

are

three

major

reasons…3.but

和

however表示对比，经常用来提醒重要信息，例如：The

rising

birth

rate

is

not

due

to

increased

fertility,

but

to

a

sharp

decline

in

the

death

rate.4.在文中提问可以突出问题后答案，提醒读者答案中有重要信息，例如：Why

is

a

piped

water

supply

so

important?

Disease

due

to

contaminated

water

is

a

common

cause

of

death

in

childhood.13/625.有时，为了确保读者完全了解自己观点，作者会在文中重复提出自己观点，比如：Death

control

can

be

achieved

autonomously.

In

other

words,

the

death

rate

can

be

cut

without

anything

else

changing.6.文章结论通常是非常主要，所以，读者要在文中寻找提醒结论“信号词”，比如：

Thereforethe

result

In

conclusionwe

can

conclude

One

of

the

primary

conclusions14/627.举例是为了帮助读者了解某一个观点，所以，文中例子不是浏览文章时主要信息。在阅读过程中，以下词组提醒读者下文是举例部分信息。

For

example/instance

like

Such

as

these

include

To

illustrate

among

these

are有时，作者也会用破折号或括号来提醒举例信息，比如：

The

developing

countries

are

dependent

on

crops

–

sugar,

coffee,

cacao,

cotton.

Precipitating/violent/unexpected

factors

are

those

which

reduce

the

food

supply

(droughts,

floods,

wars,

epidemics)…

在段落浏览时，看到信号词后，应不停对下文信息作出对应判断，如：15/62研读法以辅助除了在阅读了解中利用略读法和寻读法之外，有时还需要仔细阅读文章某一特定部分，力求对其有较深了解，或对其进行归纳、总结、推断等，这时就需要对这部分进行仔细阅读，了解作者言外之意。这种仔细阅读方法就是研读法（studyreading），通常适合用于推断型阅读了解试题。这种方法在快速阅读中使用并不多，但它对于快速阅读解题方法来说绝对是一个有力补充。结合三种方法,注意速度变换。16/62六解题步骤题目设置次序与文章先后次序大致一致。做题次序，先看文章标题，直到文章主要内容，然后看题，在小题部分定位词先圈出来，在回原文找。17/62怎样分配时间第一步：浏览skim（0.5-2分钟）1.分析大标题（brainstormthetitle（5-10秒）目：调动脑细胞，主动预测文章内容。2.分析小标题（tidythesubtitles）（20-25秒）目：了解文章内容，把握总体结构，然后总结文章结构，帮助答题时定位。18/62Practice.12.SixSecretsofHigh-EnergyPeople1.Dosomethingnew.

2.Reclaimlife'smeaning.

3.Putyourselfinthefunzone.

4.Bidfarewelltoguiltandregret.

5.Makeupyourmind.

6.Givetoget.

19/62There’sanenergycrisisinAmerica,andithasnothingtodowithfossilfuels.Millionsofusgetupeachmorningalreadywearyoverthedayholds.“Ijustcan’tgetstarted,”peoplesay.Butit’snotphysicalenergythatmostofuslack.Sure,wecouldalluseextrasleepandabetterdiet.Butintruth,peoplearehealthiertodaythanatanytimeinhistory.Icanalmostguaranteethatifyoulongformoreenergy,theproblemisnotwithyourbody.1. TheenergycrisisinAmericadiscussedheremainlyreferstoashortageoffossilfuels.5. Evensmallchangespeoplemakeintheirlivescanhelpincreasetheiremotionalenergy.20/62ProtectYourPrivacyWhenJob-huntingOnlineIdentitytheftandidentityfraudaretermsusedtorefertoalltypesofcrimeinwhichsomeonewrongfullyobtainsandusesanotherperson’spersonaldatainsomewaythatinvolvesfraudordeception,typicallyforeconomicgain.1. RobertEllisSmithbelievesidentitytheftisdifficulttodetectandonecanhardlydoanythingtopreventit.

3. Identitytheftisaminoroffenceanditsharmhasbeensomewhatoverestimated.21/62第二步：审题（审题）（前7道）examine&tidythequestions（1分钟）同时依据题目构想一下文章可能包括内容，以及所使用词汇量类型、与范围，乃至题目包括到关键性词汇。诸如，大写字母，时间，数字等用词，这些词汇都是在阅读文章查询信息过程中主要提醒。

22/62第三步：答题scan&answer（12-13.5分钟）前七道（9-10.5分钟）后三道（3分钟）提醒：后三道题需要更强概括能力，而且还得书写英文，小心名词单复数，动词语法改变，相对难一些，所以，要给足三分钟时间。时间分配不是绝正确，详细问题详细分析。23/62利用定位词答题比较轻易定位词是：A.不能用中心思想词定位，因为整篇文章都说是它。B.时间、数字、地点、大写字母单词，人名，地名等专有名词轻易定位。C.比较长，难名词轻易定位，好找。D.定位词找2—3个就行，多了也记不住。最好是位置不一样两个词。24/62Practice例如：试题中:

1Nationalstandardsforpavedroadswereinplaceby1921.2GeneralEisenhowerfeltthatthebroadGermanmotorwaysmademoresensethanthetwolanehighwaysofAmerica.3Itwasinthe1950sthattheAmericangovernmentfinallytookactiontobuildanationalhighwaysystem.

以上三题中，第一题“1921”，第二题“GeneralEisenhower”，第三题“1950s”都是一些比较明显查询定位点，一方面阅读题目，可以知道文章内容涉及到了公路建设方面话题，其次还提示我们在阅读文章时候要留意相关特殊信息点。25/621.overthepastthreedecades,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreased________.2.intheUnitedStates,howmanyofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born?3.HowdoYaleandHarvardpreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareers?26/62七出题规律yes题是原句同义词，反义词交换no题正面冲突（contradict）偷梁换柱（pilfer）曲解原文（twist）改变原文条件、范围、频率、可能性等将原文中不确定或未经证实内容作为正确或客观来表述27/62NG题:(l)无中生有(2)以个别代替整体，即将原文所举例子特殊现象推广为普遍现象(3)随意比较原文中提到两个事物(4)将原文详细化，即题目中包括范围小于原文包括范围(5)原文中作者或某个人物目标、目标、愿望、誓言等内容，在题目中作为客观事实陈说假如在选择题中则为不正确选项。28/62与原文正面冲突情况占90%。举例：UnitedStatesrankssomewhereinthemiddleofthemajorcountriesinlandfilldisposal.Question:comparedwithothermajorindustrializedcountries,Americaburiesamuchhigherpercentageofitssolidwasteinlandfills.29/62practiceThereisanenergycrisisinAmerica,andithasnothingtodowithfossilfuels.Question:theenergycrisisinAmerica……..referstoashortageoffossilfuels.30/62…andby1921therewere387,000milesofpavedroads.Manywerebuiltusing…adequatedrainage.Beyondthat,therewerenonationalstandardsforsize,weight,restrictions,or…Question:nationalstandardsforpavedroadswereinplaceby1920.31/62ThetrashproductionintheUnitedStateshasalmosttripledsince1960.thistrashishandledinvariousways.About27percentofthetrashisrecycledorcomposted,16percentisburnedand57percentisburiedinlandfills.Theamountoftrashburiedinlandfillshasdoubledsince1960.theUnitedStatesrankssomewhereinthemiddleofthemajorcountries(UnitedKingdom,Canada,Germany,FranceandJapan)inlandfilldisposal.TheUnitedKingdomrankshighest,buryingabout90percentofitssolidwasteinlandfills.2.MostofthetrashthatAmericansgenerateendsupinlandfills.32/62偷梁换柱情况占5%。举例：原文：…atypicalcancerpatienthaspredictableattitude.She…feelsdepressed,upset,andangry.Question…haveobservedthatatypicalpatientfeelsdepressed,impatientandangry.33/62practiceJapanhaseffectivelyrunoutoflow-wageworkers…and,insomecases,beyondwesterntechnologicalstandards.Question:thetechnologicalstandardsinmanyareasofJapan'seconomyaresuperiortothoseinthewest.34/62曲解原文情况占5%举例：原文：theymustbeabletolistentodelegatesandtotranslateatthesametime!Thisisadifficultbutveryimportantjob.Onesmallmistakecouldcausemanyproblems.Question:translationfortheUNGeneralAssemblyisaveryimportantjobbecausetheymustbeabletolistenandtranslateatthesametime，另外，包含绝对词（must，all，never。。。）命题普通是NO，包含相对词（may，can，possibly。。。）命题普通是yes。35/62IntheUnitedStates,takingcareoftrashandbuildinglandfillsarelocalgovernmentresponsibilities.Beforeacityorotherauthoritycanbuildalandfill,anenvironmentimpactstudymustbedoneontheproposedsitetodetermine:6.IntheUnitedStatesthebuildingoflandfillsisthejobofbothfederalandlocalgovernments.36/62选择题难点：怎样排除干扰项1.干扰项原文未提及Televisionisanattractivemediumforadvertisingbecauseitdeliversmassaudiencestoadvertisers.WhenyouconsiderthatnearlythreeoutoffourAmericanshaveseenthegameshowWhoWantstoBeaMillionaire,youcanunderstandthepoweroftelevisiontocommunication.Buttelevisionisanexpensivemedium,andnotalladvertiserscanaffordtouseit.(.6)1.televisionisanattractiveadvertisingmediuminthat___A.IthaslargeaudiencesB.itappealstohousewivesC.Ithelpsbuildupacompany’sreputationD.Itisaffordabletomostadvertisers37/622.把与原文其它内容相关，与题干不相关信息作为选项。Oftheforcesshapingeducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from8000,000in1975to2.5millionin.mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.……

Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica'sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.intheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.3.IntheUnitedStates,howmanyofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born?A.10%B.20%C.30%D.38%38/623.干扰项与题干不匹配原文同上Question:Overthepastthreedecades,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreased________by2.5millionBy800,000Atanannualrateof3.9percentAtanannualrateof8percent39/62文中没有提到（NG）Mostofusgrown-upsareseriouslyfun-deprived.High-energypeoplehavethesameday-to-dayworkastherestofus,buttheymanagetofindsomethingenjoyableineverysituation.ArealestatebrokerIknowkeepsherselfamusedonthejobbymentallyredecoratingthehousessheshowstoclients.“Iloveimaginingwhateventhemostrun-downhousecouldlooklikewithalittletenderlovingcare,”shesays.“It’sachallenge-andtheleastdesirablepropertiesareusuallythemostfun.”(.12.)7.Thereal-estatebrokertheauthorknowsistalentedinhomeredecoration.40/62正确选项Foralandfilltobebuilt,theoperatorshavetomakesurethattheyfollowcertainsteps.Inmostpartsoftheworld,thereareregulationsthatgovernwherealandfillcanbeplacedandhowitcanoperate.Thewholeprocessbeginswithsomeoneproposingthelandfill.5.Inmostcountriestheselectionofalandfillsiteisgovernedbyrulesandregulations.41/62后三道（3分钟）答题。答题时请注意，你填基本都是原文，但他出题目可未必，很可能包含同义词替换，比如6月第十题：theinterstatesystemwasrenamedafterEisenhowerinrecognitionof___________定位词localizer：rename和Eisenhower，答案：hisvisionandleadership。原文:thehighwaysystemwasofficiallyrenamedforEisenhowertohonorhisvisionandleadership.(honor=inrecognitionof)42/62文章首尾命题.12.There’sanenergycrisisinAmerica,andithasnothingtodowithfossilfuels.Millionsofusgetupeachmorningalreadywearyoverthedayholds.“Ijustcan’tgetstarted,”peoplesay.Butit’snotphysicalenergythatmostofuslack.Sure,wecouldalluseextrasleepandabetterdiet.Butintruth,peoplearehealthiertodaythanatanytimeinhistory.Icanalmostguaranteethatifyoulongformoreenergy,theproblemisnotwithyourbody.1.TheenergycrisisinAmericadiscussedheremainlyreferstoashortageoffossilfuels.43/62各段首尾命题.6.Televisionsisanattractivemediumforadvertisingbecauseitdeliversmassaudiencestoadvertisers.WhenyouconsiderthatnearlythreeoutoffourAmericanshaveseenthegameshowWhoWantstoBeaMillionaire,youcanunderstandthepoweroftelevisiontocommunicatewithalargeaudience.Whenadvertiserscreateabrand,forexample,theywanttoimpressconsumerswiththebrandanditsimage.1.Televisionisanattractiveadvertisingmediuminthat_________.A.ithaslargeaudiencesB.itappealstohousewivesC.ithelpsbuildupacompany’sreputationD.itisaffordabletomostadvertisers44/62Thankyouverymuch!45/62猜测单词技巧利用同义关系和反义关系（SynonymandAntonym）利用上下义关系（WordRelations）利用定义和举例（DefiningandExemplifying）利用重复信息（Rephrasing）*重述标志有：thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,namely,以及破折号

46/62一、针对性解释

针对性解释是作者为了更加好表示思想，在文章中对一些主要概念、难懂术语或词汇等所作解释。这些解释提供信息含有明确针对性，利用它们猜词义比较轻易。47/621、依据定义猜测词义假如生词是句子或段落所解释定义，了解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。【例一】anthropologyisthescientificstudyofman.【例二】Inslangtheterm"jam"constitutesastateofbeinginwhichapersonfindshimselforherselfinadifficultsituation.定义句谓语动词多为：be，mean，dealwith，beconsidered，tobe，referto，becalled，beknownas，define，represent，signify，constitute等。48/62

2、依据复述猜测词义即使复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，不过提供信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分能够适当词、短语或是从句。1)同位语【例一】Semantics，thestudyofthemeaningofwords，isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.在复述中组成同位关系两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号、和括号等。【例二】Capacitance，ortheabilitytostoreelectriccharge，isoneofthemostcommoncharacteristicsofelectroniccircuits.需要注意是：同位语前还常有or，similarly，thatistosay，inotherwords，namely，orother等副词或短语出现。49/62

2)定语从句【比如】KrabacbersuffersfromSAD，whichisshortforseasonalaffectivedisorder，asyndromecharacterizedbysevereseasonalmoodswings.50/62

3、依据举例猜测词义恰当举例能够提供猜测生词主要线索。【比如】Theconsequencesofepochaleventssuchaswarsandgreatscientificdiscoveriesarenotconfinedtoasmallgeographicalareaastheywereinthepast.51/62二、内在逻辑关系

依据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指利用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在逻辑关系，然后依据逻辑关系推断生词词义或大致义域。1、依据对比关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性描述，我们能够依据生词或难词反义词猜测其词义。【例一】AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother，incontrast，isquitehumbleandmodest.52/62表示对比关系词汇和短语主要是unlike，not，but，however，despite，inspiteof，incontrast和while引导并列句等。【例二】Agoodsupervisorcanrecognizeinstantlytheadeptworkersfromtheunskilledones.该句中并未出现上面提到表示对比关系词或短语，不过经过上下文能够判断出句子前后是对比关系53/62

2、依据比较关系猜测词义同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上相同关系。【比如】Greenlovestotalk，andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.表示比较关系词和短语主要是similarly，like，justas，also等。54/62

3、依据因果关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，若两个事物、现象之间组成因果关系，我们能够依据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。【例一】Tomisconsideredanautocraticadminis