高三英语总复习之语法专项突破一轮复习语法专项十六构词法市公开课一等奖省优质课赛课一等奖课件

第1页必备知识梳理第2页第3页1．复合名词主要组成方式名词＋名词bloodtest验血；half­moon半月(形)；silkworm蚕；classroom教室；airport飞机场形容词＋名词double­dealer两面派；shorthand速记；greenhouse温室v.­ing＋名词readingroom阅览室；meetingroom会议室；swimmingpool游泳池动词＋名词breakwater防波堤；pickpocket扒手名词＋v.­inghandwriting字迹；sunbathing日光浴动词＋副词get­together联欢会；breakthrough突破副词＋动词downfall垮台；outbreak暴发第4页2.复合形容词主要组成方式形容词＋名词＋­edcold­blooded冷血；kind­hearted心肠好形容词＋名词high­class高级形容词＋v.­inggood­looking好看；easy­going随和；fine­sounding动听形容词＋过去分词newborn新生；readymade现成形容词＋形容词dark­blue深蓝色；light­green浅绿色名词＋v.­inglife­saving救生；ocean­going远洋名词＋过去分词handmade手工制作；ice­covered冰雪覆盖第5页名词＋形容词nationwide全国性；ice­cold冰凉数词＋名词＋­edone­eyed独眼；two­faced双面数词＋名词＋形容词five­year­old五周岁；two­metre­tall两米高第6页3.复合动词主要组成方式名词＋动词sleepwalk梦游副词＋动词overcome克服；undergo经历；overthrow推翻；understand明白形容词＋动词white­wash粉刷；blacklist列入黑名单第7页4．复合代词主要组成方式代词宾格或物主代词＋self(selves)ourselves我们自己；herself她自己；themselves他们自己一些不定代词some(any,no，every)＋body(one,thing)everyone;everybody;everything;anyone;anybody;anything;nothing;something第8页二、转化法转化法是由一个词类转化为一个或几个词类构词法。这种构词法词形没有改变，转化后单词在意义上通常与原单词有亲密联络。现就常见转化法分类列举并归纳以下：名词转化为动词face脸—face面对hand手—hand传递nurse护士—nurse护理形容词转化为动词dirty脏—dirty弄脏narrow窄—narrow变窄clean洁净—clean清扫第9页动词转化为名词find发觉—find发觉物divide划分—divide分界处waste浪费—waste废物形容词转化为名词daily每日—daily日报weekly每七天—weekly周刊形容词转化为副词deep深—deep深深地sure确信—sure确实第10页三、派生法派生法是英语主要构词法。此方法是借助于前缀或后缀，制造出派生词，主要有名词、形容词和动词三种。1．前缀构词法前缀是加在一个词根前面音节，它并不是独立单词，但本身有一定含义，它不改变词性，但改变原词义。第11页常见前缀：前缀例词dis­(不，否定)dissatisfy使不满意；dishonest不老实un­(不)unable不能够；unlucky不幸un­(做相反动作)undress脱衣服；unload卸货in­(不，非)inactive不活跃；incorrect不正确im­(不，非)impolite没有礼貌；impossible不可能ir­(不，非)irregular不规则；irresponsible不负责任il­(不，非)illogical不合逻辑；illegal非法第12页前缀例词non­(不，非)non­existent不存在；non­stop直达mis­(错误；坏)misunderstand误解；misfortune厄运re­(重复，再)rewrite重写；remarry再婚en­(使可能)enrich丰富；enable使能够ex­(以前，前任)ex­president前任主席/总统；ex­wife前妻super­(在……上面；超级)supermarket超市；supermodel超级名模under­(在……之下)underestimate低估；underground地下第13页前缀例词sub­(在……下；次于；低于)subway地(下)道；地铁；submarine潜水艇inter­(相互之间)international国际；interact相互作用semi­(半)semi­final半决赛；semicircle半圆multi­(多，各种)multi­national跨国；multicoloured各种颜色kilo­(千)kilometre千米，公里；kilogram千克centi­(一百；百分之一)centimetre厘米；centigram厘克milli­(毫；千分之一)millimetre毫米；milligram毫克第14页前缀例词tele­(远)telephone电话；television电视a­(在……上/里；向……)aboard在船/火车/飞机上；ahead在前面；aside在旁边；abroad在国外auto­(自己，独自)automobile机动车，汽车；autobiography自传over­(太，完全，过分，多……)overfull太满，过多；overstudy用功过分extra­(额外，以外，特殊)extraordinary非凡；extramarital婚外pre­(预先，在……之前)predict预告；preview预习第15页2.后缀构词法后缀是加在一个单词后面音节，它本身普通也有一定含义，能够改变单词词性，有也能够改变词义。(1)名词后缀后缀例词­age(状态；集合)shortage缺乏；marriage婚姻­an/ian(人，……家)American美国人；Italian意大利人；musician音乐家­ence/­ency(组成抽象名词)dependence依靠；frequency频率­ance(性质，状态)importance主要性；significance意义第16页后缀例词­ant/­ent(人)assistant助手；student学生­cion/­sion/­tion/­ation(动作，状态)suspicion怀疑；tension担心；repetition重复；preparation准备­ee(动作承受者或受影响者)employee受雇者；refugee难民­er/­or(人或物)writer作家；actor演员；cooker炊具；tractor拖拉机­ess(女性)actress女演员；waitress女服务员；hostess女主人­ism(主义，……教)communism共产主义；socialism社会主义；Buddhism佛教第17页后缀例词­ist(主义者，……家)communist共产主义者；dentist牙科教授；physicist物理学家­ment(行为；结果；状态；性质)argument争论；government政府；development发展­ship(关系，身份)friendship情谊；citizenship公民身份­hood(身份；性质；时代)childhood童年；neighbourhood街区；knighthood骑士身份­ty(状态；性质)plenty大量；difficulty困难；anxiety焦虑­ure(结果；行为；状态；实物)pressure压力；picture图画；pleasure高兴­al(动作过程；结果)arrival抵达；approval同意第18页(2)形容词后缀后缀例词­able/­ible/­bleunbelievable不可信；tolerable可忍受；responsible负责­alnational国家；continental大陆­edlearned有学识；talented有才华­engolden金色；woolen毛(织)；wooden木制­fulbeautiful漂亮；useful有用；colourful多彩­ic/icaleconomic经济；political政治；electronic电子­ishchildish幼稚；selfish自私第19页后缀例词­iveactive主动；productive有生产力；creative有创造力­lessuseless无用；careless粗心；meaningless无意义­lyfriendly友好；deadly致命；weekly每星期­ous/­iousdangerous危险；glorious光荣；famous著名­warddownward向下；backward向后­yrainy多雨；noisy喧华；snowy下雪第20页(3)动词后缀

后缀例词­en(使变得，使成为……)lengthen延长；harden使变得坚固；deepen加深­fy(使……化)satisfy使满意；beautify美化；simplify简化­ize/­ise(使……变成……)realiz(s)e实现；industrializ(s)e使工业化第21页(4)副词后缀

后缀例词­lycarefully小心地；beautifully漂亮地；quickly快速地­ward(s)forward向前；backwards向后；downwards向下；upwards向上第22页自主巩固练习用所给单词适当形式填空(1)Herpreparationcourseishelpinghertogetusedto________(academy)requirementsofaWesternuniversity.(2)Afireman________(accident)discoveredthecauseofthefire.(3)Itcost________(approximate)$300—Ican'trememberitexactly.(4)________(beg)can’tbechoosers.第23页(5)Otherdisabledpeoplefindthewebsite________(benefit)becausetheycanreadaboutpeoplewithsimilardifficultiestotheirown.(6)Sheglanced________(casual)throughamagazineasshewaited.(7)Thetwoofthemareina________(compare)financialsituation.(8)Hequitplaying____(compete)footballattheageof24.第24页(9)Man'ssocialbeingdetermineshis________(conscious)．(10)Thecafhasarelaxed______(continent)feelaboutit.(11)Shehasplayeda________(decide)roleinthepeacenegotiation.(12)Themanstandingthereisa________(distinguish)novelistandphilosopher.(13)Itisa________(drama)storyaboutaninvasionoftheEarthbyaliensfromMars.第25页(14)Theteachersarevery________(enthusiasm)andfriendlyandtheclassroomsareamazing.(15)Buildinganewfactorytherewouldbe________(environment)disastrous.(16)Yesterdayweheldaceremonytowelcomethe________(honour)soldierswhojustcamebackfromWenchuan.(17)Tosayyouwere________(ignore)oftherulesisnoexcuse.(18)Touristsshouldn'tmissthe103buswhichoffersoneofthemost________(impress)routes.第26页(19)Hishesitationindicates________(will)．(20)Youshould________(loose)upyourmusclesbeforeplayinganysport.(21)Thiswillhelpusachieve________(modern)．(22)Somegroups,________(name)studentsandpensioners(退休人员),willbenefitfromthenewtax.(23)Womenincreasinglywentouttowork,usuallyoutofeconomic________(necessary)．(24)Hebreathed________(noise)throughhisnose.第27页(25)Hecanbevery________(persuade)．(26)ThedaybeforeyesterdayProfessorLimadeaspeec