2011届高考英语第一轮复习专题测试题

备战2011届高考英语（通用版）一轮复习专题18冠词【A组：基础过关】Totell_truth,hiscomingisreally_bigsurprisetomostpeoplepresentattheparty.A./;a B.the;/ C.the;a D./;/【答案】C【解析】该题考查冠词。第一空处是固定短语， totellthetruth意为"说实话”；第二空后的surprise是可数名词，意为"意想不到的事，令人惊讶的事”，故前面用不定冠词。Jackwantedtobe universitystudent,butin entranceexaminationhemissedbyamile.A.a;an B.an;the C.the;an D.a;the【答案】D【解析】考查冠词。auniversitystudent—名大学生，表泛指； theentranceexamination特指考试。 on-goingdivisionbetweenEnglish-speakingCanadiansandFrench-speakingCanadiansis majorconcernofthecountry.A.The,/B.The,aC.An,theD.An,/【解析】此句的意思是：在讲英语的加拿大人和讲法语的加拿大人之间的那种逐渐增长的分歧是这个国家一个主要担心的问题。第一个空用 the表特指；第二个空用a表泛指，泛指主要是担心问题中的一个。【答案】BOnewaytounderstandthousandsofnewwordsingain goodknowledgeofbasicwordformation.A./ B.theC.aD.oneIMrl当某些不可数抽象名词舍义具体化，而被某些修饰词修饰时，前面要加不定冠词口如aunderstandingofthepassage.agoodkno書卫屯三efEnslijh【答案】CThecakesaredelicious.He 'dlikehave thirdonebecause secondoneisrathertoosmall.A.a,aB.the.theC.a,theD.the,a【解析】当序数词表示顺序时前面要回定冠词修饰；当表示又一；再一”时，前面用不定冠词修饰。【答案】C6.lnchina, pressuretopass examsgivesstudentstheimpressionthatlearningcomesfromtextbooks.A./;/ B.the;the C.the;/ D./;the【解析】后置定语很长的时候我们用定冠词 the修饰，theexams也特指应试教育的考试。【答案】B

Recentlysomestudieshavefoundthatlearning secondIanguagecanleadsbrainpower.Csbrainpower.C.a;an D.the;ananincrease一种增加，用做名词这个时候看作可A.a;the B.不填；the【解析】a+序数词表示再一，又一;数。【答案】C（浙江省宁波市08-09学年高三上学期期末统考， 2）WhatdoyourememberAlexanderGrahamBellas?—As inventorof telephone.A.an;/ B.the;a C.the;the D./;the】后貫罡较长多用定冠词，而且巔适的发明家；电话，特指，不是别的・专【答塞】C9.一Whatin worlddoyoulikemostin world?一Ihope worldis peacefulandfairworld.A.the;the;the;theB./;the;the;/C./;the;the;a D.the;the;the;a【解析】第一个world前加the构成intheworld，其意为究竟，到底”，第二和第三个world表示这个世界"，特指需加the，第四个world前有形容词修饰，应用不定冠词 a,）【答案】D10.Asweallknow. lifeishardforanyofus.Ifwelive happylife,wemustallworkharder.A./：/B./;aC.a;/D.a;a【解析】抽象名词life指生活”时是不可数名词，不加冠词；第二个空具体化，有形容词修饰，应用不定冠词， ahappylife表示。一种幸福的生活”。【答案】B【B组：能力突破】（东北三省三校2009届高三下学期第一次联合模拟考试 yy）Thechairmanwillbepleasedat scenethateverythingisin place.A.a;a B.the;the C.the;不填 D.不填；the【答案解析】C考查冠词的用法。scene后有定语从句修饰，是特指；inplace表示在正确的位置，准备妥当”，是固定搭配。（山东省济南市2010届高三年级第一次模拟考试英 语试题） Play,oftenseenasactivityforkids,isstillimportantin developmentofteenagers.A.the;the B.an;the C.an;不填 D.the;不填【答案解析】3考査武词口语意；玩耍通常被认为杲孩子们的一项活动，对音少年的发腰还是很重要的.anactivity—项活动.表泛指\inthedevelopmentof在 的发展（过程中h表特指.（浙江省金华十校2010届高三上学期期末考试 （英语））Sadtosay,nowadaysmanypeoplearestillin habitofwritingsillythingsin publicplaces.A.the;不填B.不填；不填 C.the;the D.不填；the【答案解析】A考查冠词。habit后有of短语修饰限定，故第一空是特指；第二空是泛指，表公共场所”，不用冠词。（2010年安徽省江南十校"高三联考英语试题）ltwas excitingnewsthatmorethantenstudentsinasingleschoolwereadmittedtoTsinghuaUniversityinthesameyear.one B.an C./ D.a【答案解析】C考查冠词的用法。news是不可数名词，所以不用冠词，这里选C项。（2010东北三省四市联考） Whathavewegotforsupper? 1got hugefishat marketoppositeourschoolforonlyfivepounds.A.the;theB.a;the C.the;aD.a;a【答案解析】B,考察冠词的用法。hugefish有很多，我买的只是其中的一条，所以用不定冠词来修饰；market是指学校对面的一家，属特指，所以用定冠词。（2010山东潍坊一模）一Myflightwasdelayedbecauseof heavyrain.—Butyouarejustin timeforthediscussion.A.the;a B.a;the C.不填；不填 D.the;不填【答案解析】D,考察冠词的用法。引起我的航班延误应该是特指的一场大雨，所以第一空要用定冠词来限定，intime及时，准时，固定短语。（2010辽宁抚顺拟）Idon'tthinktheexperimentis failure.Atleastwehavegained experieneeforfuturesuccess.A.不填；the B.a;the C.a;不填 D.不填；不填【答案解析】C,若察冠词的用法.是一个捕象名词，如果仅表示失败的擬念*杲不可数窝词；表示失畋的人或蠢就成了可数名词，前面加a或◎现出m話隹紘历讲时，是可数名词；做经脸讲，是不可数窖词a（2010北京海淀期末） By nature,youareanadventurer,fullofamazementandcuriosityabout worldbiggerthanlifeitself.A.a;theB.the;the C./;a D.the;/【答案解析】C,考察冠词的用法。Bynature就其本质而言，天生的，固定短语；world,earth,sun,moon等独一无二的名词一旦被形容词修饰之后，其前要用不定冠词来限（2010江苏南通调研）Whileincomeworryis rathercommonproblemoftheaged,Ionelinessisanotherproblemthat agedparentsmayface.A.a;不填 B.the;不填 C.a;the D.the;the【答案解析】A,考察冠词的用法。不定冠词和 another才能对应，表示泛指，所以第一空不用冠词；parents复数表泛指，所以其前不用冠词。（2010山东烟台检测）Hey,pleasedome favor.Imustgetsomemoneyfrom ATMmachine.A.the;aB.a;the C.the;anD.a;不填【答案解析】B,考察冠词的用法。第一空固定词组 dosbafavor，第二空则表示确指。（2010北京东城期末）Haveyouread today'snewT?epriceof houseshasslightlygonedown.A.the,the B.不填,the C.the,不填 D.不填，不填【答案解析】D,考察冠词的用法。today'snew今天的新闻，其前不用冠词； houses复数名词表泛指，其前不用冠词。（2010山东聊城一模）Whenthegovernmentofficebuildingwasunder fire,thecrowdgotinto panic.A.不填；aB.the;不填C.a;theD.the;a【答案解析】A,考察冠词的用法。underfire是固定搭配，意为着火， getintoapanic陷入恐慌之中（2010湖南四校联考）Thefilmcompanyhasgivenup ideaofacting playofShakespeare.the;the B.the;a C.an;a D.an;the【解析】B^察冠词的用法,后有介词短臂修饰：特指拍摄莎士比亚的一部戏剧供想法二故前要用定冠词the；第二空p：av为泛指：用不定冠词a.（湖南省雅礼中学2010届高三第七次月考 [Educationisalifelongprocess, processthatstartslongbefore startofschool,andonethatshouldbeanecessarypartofone'sentirelife.a,a B.a,the C.the,a D.the,the【解析】考查冠词。这句话的意思是 教育自始自终伴随人的一生，早在人们上学之前就开始了，应是人生命中不可缺少的一部分 ”。第一空为不定冠词， “aprocess乍前面“alifelongprocess的同位语；第二空为定冠词，表示 开始上学"这一特定的事件。（江苏省南通市2010期末调研）WhatlessonsChinacandrawfrom globalfinancialcrisishasbecome hottopicamongusstudents.the;a B.不填；a C.a;the D.不填；theA【解析】考察冠词的用法。本题中的 financialcrisis金融危机是特指，用定冠词the,hottopic是指热门的话题，为泛指用a。（陕西省宝鸡市2010届高三质量检测）Asweallknow,itisreally conveniencetohave hospitalinacommunity.A.the;a B./;a C.a;a D./;theC【解析】考查冠词，语意:我们大家都知道，在一个旌区里育一所医院确实是一件很方便的事情.convenient表示抽象概念芳便时淘不可数名词，表示令人育便的事物时为可数名词一根据普意可知第一空塡a；医院淘可数窖词，此处表泛指，故第二空也填a.（吉林省长春市高中毕业班 2010年第一次调研）Thereportsaidthatabuswentoutofcontrolonhighway southofthecityarerushedintoariver.A.the;the B./;the C.the;/D./;/D【解析】冠词。gooutofcontml是固定短语，意思是失去控制； southof中的south是方位副词，前面不需要使用冠词。当 south用作名词时通常与介词一起使用，如 inthesouthof。…（福建省厦门市2010届高三年级上学期质量检查） Because unemploymentisveryhighatpresent,it'snoteasyforafreshgraduatetofind satisfyingjobashewishes.A.the;/ B./;a C.an;a D.an;theB【解析】考查冠词。unemployment是抽象名词，前面不用冠词。 job是可数名词，用不定冠词泛指一个令人满意的工作。二、完形填空IhadtheprivilegetovisittheBridgeofForgivenessinPalawanduringthetimewhenIwasonthesummer'steamAfterthelongandexcitingweek,wehadachaneeto（1）theplacewherewewereassigned（扌旨定）.We―⑵—thenarrowhangingbridgemadeoftwobamboosandalongropewhichyoucanhold（3）foryourlifeasyoucrossit.Iwassoafraidof（4） ,especiallyhere,andIthinkmostofuswerenot（5）tocrossingsohighabridge. （6） ,ourteamleadertoldusthatwemustcrossthisbridgeinordertoseethesplendidfallsthatlieoutontheother(7) .“Asyoucrossthibridge,thinkabout(8)difficult,butitispossible.”Manytimesinourlivesweface(9)thatwedon'texpeirbke—relationships,betrayal(背叛)ofafriend,etc.,andallwedois(10)ButInoticedthatlifemustgoon,andalltheburdensmustbe(11)throughforgiveness—forgivenessofyourselfandothers.Ididn'tunderstandmycousi(i12)shetoldmeIshould(13)allthoseunfriendlyguyswith(14).ButasIgrowolder,Irealizethatlyinginthepast(15)andguiltwillnotservemewell.OnceIforgaveserious(16) ,InoticedthatIcouldn'tforgetthembuteverytimeIrememberedthem,I(17).Therearenomorepainsbroughtjustbythethoughtofthem.Afterall,lifeisgood. (18)allthehardships,painsanddifficulties,lifeteachesmetobe(19)infacinganyadversity(逆境)whileatthesametimeitmakesme(20)tothosewhosuffer.Ifsomebodydoessomethingterribletome,Ihavetothinkbackthebridgeofforgiveness—difficultbutpossible.(1)A.admireB.recognizeC.exploreD.expose(2)A.cameuponB.setasideC.builtupD.brokedown(3)A.convenientlyB.delightedlyC.tightlyD.relaxingly(4)A.distaneeB.heights C.dangers D.lengths(5)A.devotedB.limited C.opposedoD.accustomed(6)A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.OtherwiseD.Anyway(7)A.side B.hand C.way D.direction(8)A.happinessB.sorrowC.forgivenessD.entertainment(9)A.strangersB.environmentsC.ceremoniesD.situations(10)A.hope 1B.fight C.forget D.sigh(11)A.stoppedB.unioadedC.addedD.charged(12)A.whenB.until C.uniess D.before(13)A.ignoreB.tease C.treat D.value(14)A.patieneeB.kindnessC.courageD.violenee(15)A.mattersB.hurts C.counts D'.changes(16)A.disadvantagesB.behaviorC.friendsD.offences(17)A.achedB.suffered C.smiledD.regretted(18)A.ApartfromB.RatherthanC.Insteadof D.Regardlessof(19)A.strongB.aggressiveC.inspiredD.aware(20)A.considerateB.mercifulC.gratefulD.since(1)C【解析】作者在这儿参观，所以，有机会去探密这个地方。动词admire羡慕，recognize辨认，expose暴露，其意思与语意不符；而explore的意思是探索、探密"的意思。故答案选C。(2)A【解析】作苕是要来参观这个地方，而不是建桥或看拆桥.动词短营:o:neupon的意思是咲然遇到.故答案选A.⑶C【解■析】穿过此桥，由于只有两根竹竿和一根长绳・芥不容易.因此，为了安全，作着要紧緊地抓住绳子。故答案选G<4)B【解析】根据第一段，这种桥是由一根长绳子和两根竹竿构成的，所以，应该是很容易看到桥底，怕高的人过这种桥当然要很害怕的。故答案选 B。⑸D【解析】后文提到“sohighabridge和"'wemustcrossthisbridge,这说明在作者看来，很多人是不愿过这么高的桥的。 “devoted意思是专心.于、忠诚的说“limited意思是有限的说“opposed意思是反对说因此，以上三词与not连用并不适合语意。 “accustomed"的意思是习惯于说故答案选D。⑹ATOC\o"1-5"\h\z【解析】根据语意，两句前后之间具有语意上的转折关系。故答案选 A。⑺A【解析】此处指在桥的另一边的瀑布。故答案选 A。C【解析】根据下文可知，走在桥上，想着宽恕别人，就不会害怕，尽管这很难做到。故答案选CoD【解析】一生中，我们会遇到很多我们预料不到的事情发生。名词 strangers不合语意；environment强调的是环境说不合语意；ceremonies是指仪式说“situation此处指形势、境况说故答案选D。D【解析】在遇到诸如朋友背叛等情况时，我们常常是无可奈何(无奈的叹息)说动词sigh的意思是叹息说根据下文“ButInoticedthatlifemustgoon,对已经发生的不好的事，我们并没有去抗争、忘记或者是希望。故答案选 D。B【解析】动词'stop1在语意上不S；Lcharg?'add:与语意相反.本句话的意思是；需要宽恕来解除负担■故答宪选歇A【解析】根据下一句"But裁I实geder.J,本句话的意思是：在她告诉拢时，我并不理解拢的堂姐-因此m连词unlesif before在语意上不通.故答案选凡⑴)C【解析】根据下文，对于那些丕友善的人，要用仁慈的心去感优他们，去对待他们.因此，teased笑，恆x珍惜，与语意不符。动词住加此处的意思是-对待=故答案选GB【解析】根据下文作者对他堂姐所理解的就是要用仁慈的心对待他人对你的过错， 去宽恕他们，而不是以牙还牙说故答案选B。B【解析】作者意识到 躺在过去里只会更会受到伤害，内疚是不行的 说故答案选B。TOC\o"1-5"\h\zD【解析】形容词serious决定了作者所宽恕的是那些严重的过错或者侮辱， friends,behaviors和disadvantages在语意上不符。 名词offenece的意思是过错、犯罪、侮辱等”。故答案选D。C【解析】既然宽恕了那些不快与过错，作者再次记住它们时不再是痛苦而是一笑了之。故答案选C。D【解析】尽管生活带给我们艰难、痛苦和困难，它教给我们 ……。艰难、痛苦和困难”并不是我们所想要的，因此，apartfrom(除了)，insteadof(而不是)与语意不符；而：ratherthan在语意上不通；regardlessof的意思是不管、不顾”。故答案选D。A【解析】生活中充衙了艰难、痛苦和困难，因此，生活歎给我们要•坚强Iaggressive攻击性的、有进取心的3捡意识到的、明智inspired受鼓舞的，均与语意不忌故答案选凡3【解析】ccnsiderattigraxefubsincere别恚示对人体贴的N感激的S"忠诚的莓而对于•有灾难的人3最重雯的是-怜悯3故答案选B.三、阅读理解AYoumightthinkthat“globalarming”meansnothingmorethanariseintheworld'stemperature.Butrisingsealevelscausedbyithaveresultedinthefirstevacuation (撤离)ofanislandnationthecitizensofTuvaluwillhavetoleavetheirhomeland.Duringthe20thcentury,sealevelrose8~12inches.Asaresult,Tuvaluhasexperieneedlowlandfloodingofsaltwaterthathaspollutedthecountry'sdrinkingwater.PaaniLaupepa,aTuvaluangovernmentofficial,reportedtotheEarthPolicyInstitutethatthenationsufferedanunusuallyhighnumberoffiercestormsinthepasttenyears.Manyscientistsconnecthighersurfacewatertemperaturesresultingfromglobalwarmingtogreaterandmoredamagingstorms.LaupepaexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeUnitedStatesforrefusingtosigntheKyotoProtocol,aninternationalagreementcallingforindustrializednationstoreducetheirgreenhousegasemissions(导致温室效应的气体排放) ，whichareamaincauseofglobalwarming.“Byrefusingtosigntheagreement,theUShaseffectivelytakenawaythefreedomoffuturegenerationsofTuvaluanstolivewheretheirforefathershavelivedforthousandsofyears.LaupepatoldtheBBC.TuvaluhasaskedAustraliaandNewZealandtoallowthegradualmoveofitspeopletobothcountries.Tuvaluisnottheonlycountrythatisvulnerable(易受影响的)torisingsealevels.MaumoonGayoon,presidentoftheMaldives,toldtheUnitedNationsthatglobalwarminghasmadehiscountryof311,000an “endangerednation”.Thetextismainlyabout .rapidchangesinearth 'stemperaturebadeffectsofglobalwarmingmovingofacountrytoanewplacereasonsforlowlandfloodingAccordingtoscientists,theDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsis .greenhousegasemissionsinindustrializednationshighersurfacewatertemperaturesoftheseacontinuousglobalwarmingrisingsealevelsLaupepawasnotsatisfiedwiththeUnitedStatesbecauseitdidnot .agreetoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissionssignanagreementwithTuvaluallowTuvaluanstomovetotheUSbelievetheproblemsfacingTuvaluwererealThecountrywhosesituationissimilartothatofTuvaluis .AustraliaNewzealandtheMaldivestheUnitedStates【答案】B这是一道主旨题。这篇短文主要讲述了全球变暖造成的恶劣影响。B 这是一道细节推断题。根据第三段 “Manyscientistsconnecthighersurfacewatertemperaturesresultingfromglobalwarmingtogreaterandmoredamagingstorms.可判断出造成严重的暴风雨的直接原因是海洋表面水温太高。A这罡一道细节题n第四段第一句话表示L炎枣pa对美国不满意田疸因是美国担绝菱署减少温室蝕应气体拄饋的公约.丄C这星一道细节推断题。根据最后一段可判断出朋MaevesTuvalu的情况相认BIntheatmosphere,carbondioxideallowsthesun'saystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.Accordingtoaweatherexpert 'sprediction,theatmosphwanwerbetheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetersandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere.Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming,inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevideneesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernpartoftheearth,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?Onepossibilityisthebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand “cold”spots,thatis,therelativelylesshotspots,onthesun.Thisseemstohaveagreatereffectonthedistributionoftheearth'tmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation（循环）.Thesunisalsovariable（可变的） overalongterm.Itsheatoutput（输出）goesupanddownincycles.Thelatesttrendbeingdownwardisontheway.Butthatisonlyaimagination.Thecarbondioxideintheatmospherewould .Apreventthesun 'sraysfromreachingtheearth 'ssurfacemeanawarmingupintheArcticaccountforgreatchangesintheclimateraisethetemperatureoftheearth 'ssurfaceThearticlewaswrittentoexplain .thegreenhouseeffectthesolareffectsontheearththesolarweatherthecausesaffectingweatherAlthoughthefuelisgreaterinthenortherinpart,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis .mainlybecausethecarbondioxideisrisingpossiblybecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremeltingduetotheeffectoftheearth 'sclimatepartlyduetotheactivityofthesunWhatdoestheunderlinedwordexceededmean?Tobethesameas.Tobeslowerthan.Tobebetterthan.Tobebiggerthan.【答案】D文章第一段讲到二氧化碳在大气中就像温室的玻璃屋顶一样吸收太阳的光线并阻挡光热的流失，文章第三段最后一句话又再次提到二氧化碳能使地球变热的理论。因此，正确答案为D项。D全文讲述的是影响天气的诸多原因。选项 A、B、C在文中均被提及但不足以概括全文的主旨，只有 D项是比较全面的。D文車第三段提及这一现篆时讲到，科学家们认为：这一现彖的产生是因为到目前为止自然界对天气的家响要犬于人类对天气的影响•而究竟是哪种自然力童对天气的彩响最大呢反章第四段第一句话给出了答宪其中一个可能就是太阳的不断变动.□项与此意相符。SC通过倒数第一段的Thisseemstohavsagreatereffectcnth芒distributionoftlieear±.'satmosphericpressure；a;idconsequent?-on怕：idcirciila^oni.循环i.看出自然界对天气的畫响要大于人粪对天气帚“篩・CTheworlditselfisbecomingmuchsmallerbyusingmoderntrafficandmoderncommunicationmeans（通讯设备）.Lifetodayismucheasierthanitwashundredsofyearsago,butithasbroughtnewproblems.Oneofthebiggestispollution.Topollutemeanstomakethingsdirty.Pollutioncomesinmanyways.Weseeit,smellit,drinkitandevenhearit.Manhasbeenpollutingtheearth.Themorepeople,themorepollution.Manyyearsago,theproblemwasnotsoseriousbecausetherewerenotsomanypeople.Whenthelandwasuseduportheriverwasdirtyinoneplace,Manmovedtoanotherplace.ButthisisnoIongertrue.Manisnowslowlypollutingthewholeworld.Airpollutionisstillthemostserious.It 'sbadforalllivingthingsintheworld,butitisnottheonlyonekindofpollution.Waterpollutionkillsourfishandpollutesourdrinkingwater.Noisepollutionmakesusangrymoreeasily.Manycountriesaremakingrulestofightpollution.Theystoppeoplefromburningcoalinhousesandfactoriesinthecity,andfromputtingdirtysmokeintotheair.Pollutionbycarbondioxideisnowthemostdangerouskindofairpollution.ltiscausedbyheavytraffic.Itistruethatiftherearefewerpeopledriving,therewillbelessairpollution.Theearthisourhome.Wemusttakecareofit.ThatmeanskeepingtheIand,waterandairclean.Andwemusttakecareoftheriseinpopulationatthesametime.Hundredsofyearsago,thepollutionwas itistoday.mucheasierthanaseasyasashardasD.muchlessthan10.Ourworldisbecomingmuchsmaller .becausetheearthisbeingpolluteddayandnightbecausescieneeisdevelopingbecauseoftheriseinpopulationbecausetheearthisblownawaybythewindeveryyearAirpollutionisthemostseriouskindofpollutionbecause .itdoesharmtoalllivingthingsin