英语人教版高中选择性必修一（2019新编）Unit 5 Working the Land第三讲Grammar and Writing 教案

Successneedcost,timeisalsoakindofcost,valueoftimeiscostsavings.成功需要成本，时间也是一种成本，对时间的珍惜就是对成本的节约。GrammarandWriting语法语法精讲Grammar——主语从句语法感知①However，whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.②Howthiscouldbedonewasachallengingquestionatthetime.③Today，itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains.④WhatYuanLongpingreallycaredaboutwasnotmoneyorcelebrity.【自主发现】1．第①句中的what在主语从句中作主语；第②句中的How在主语从句中作方式状语；第④句中what作主语从句的宾语。2．第③句中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。语法精讲一、主语从句的用法主语从句是名词性从句的一种，在复合句中作主语，相当于名词。主语从句的位置可以在句首，也可以用it作形式主语，主语从句放在后面。二、主语从句的引导词1．连词that、whether，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略，其中that没有词义，whether表示“是否”含义，但是不能换成if(如果)。2．连接代词what、who、which，在主语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语，不可省略。3．连接副词when、where、how、why，在主语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点、方式、原因等，不可省略。另外，wh－＋ever，如whoever、however、whatever、whichever等也可引导主语从句。在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等，不可省略。单句语法填空①I’mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwhiteanymore.②hewillattendthemeetingornotdoesn’tmatter.他是否参加会议并不重要。③wasawonder.他在那次严重的交通事故中幸存下来是个奇迹。④wasachallengingquestionatthetime.如何做到这一点在当时是一个具有挑战性的问题。⑤oughttoturnoffthelights.无论谁最后离开房间都应该关灯。【答案】1.What2.Whether3.Thathesurvivedtheserioustrafficaccident4.Howthiscouldbedone5.Whoeverleavestheroomlast三、it作形式主语的主语从句在主语从句中如果主语太长，宾语或表语又太短了，为了避免头重脚轻，保持句子平衡，通常会采用it作形式主语，真正的主语从句放在后面。常见的使用it作形式主语的结构：Itissaid/reported/believed/well－knownthat...Itisapitythat...Itisprobablethat...Ithappenedthat...Itisnowonderthat...补全句子①Imetmyteacheronmywayhome.我在回家路上碰巧遇上我的老师。②myfellowguestshadonlyafewbitesofeachdish.怪不得跟我在一起吃饭的客人，每道菜也就浅尝几口。【答案】1.Ithappenedthat2.Itwasnowonderthat四、主语从句的语序时态问题主语从句和其他名词性从句一样必须使用陈述语序，尤其是当主语从句是疑问词引导的时候，主语从句的语序仍须使用陈述语序。Who/WhomhewillgotoBeijingwithremainsunknown.他将和谁一起去北京还不知道。主语从句的时态根据具体语境来确定，尤其是当when引导主语从句的时候，有些同学会和when时间状语从句混淆而误用现在时表将来。Whenhewillcomebackisstillunclear.他什么时候回来还不清楚。单句语法填空①isimpressiveisthatmycolleaguesmessagedus，worryingwhyKunandIdidn’tcomebackwiththeclockpointingto1am，2amoreven3am.②worriesmanypeopleisthatthesechemicalsmayevencausecancer.③breaksthelawshouldbepunished.【答案】1.What2.What3.Whoever五、主语从句作主语时谓语动词的单复数主语从句作主语相当于名词，和非谓语动词的动词－ing形式或者不定式作主语一样看作单数，句子谓语应该使用单数形式。Thatyoudon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.你不喜欢他不关我的事。Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.医生怀疑的是我妈妈是否不久就能从这场重病中恢复过来。单句语法填空①Whetheritwilldousharmorgood(remain)tobeseen.②Itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChina(be)comprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains.③Whatwecan’tget(seem)betterthanwhatwehave.④Whetheritwaspossibletodevelopahybridofself－pollinating(plant)suchasricewasamatterofgreatdebate.【答案】1.remains2.is3.seems4.plants随堂练习Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．hitmethatIhadtoattendanimportantmeetinginShanghaithenextday.2．Itissaidheisfocusingonabookonspaceexploration.Butitwillcomeoutisupintheair.3．Don’tworry.hewillofferushelpdoesn’tmatteralot.4．Ithinkimpressesmeabouthispaintingsisthecoloursheuses.5．thewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.6．willbemadethecaptainofourteamisstillunknown，butonethingiscertain：isputinthispositionistoleadusoutofthepresentdifficulty.7．youcanmakeyourdreamcometruedependsonhardworkmorethanluck.8．hewillhavehisnovelpublishedintwoweeksisreallyasurprisetoallofus.9．ItisafactEnglishhasbeenacceptedasaninternationallanguage.10．iswillingtovolunteerinthe2024Olympicsiswelcometojoinus.11．madehisfatherangrywasthatheliedratherthanmademistakes.12．isprovedisthatanimalsandinsectshavetheirownlanguages.13．I’mconcernedaboutmostiswecancollectahugeamountofmoneyinsuchashorttime.14．thechildformedthehabitofplayingcomputergamesmadehismotherangry.15．Webelieveyouhavebeendevotedtoisnaturallyofgreatnecessity.【答案】1.It2.that，when3.Whether4.what5.Why/That6.Who，whoever7.Whether8.That9.that10.Whoever11.What12.What13.What，how14.That15.whatⅡ.补全句子1．inthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable，buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.在未来几十年里，无论海洋经历怎样的颜色变化，都可能是渐进的、不被注意的，但是它们可能意味着重要的变化。2．isrealisnotsure.你正在听的声音是否真实还不确定。3．wasprobablyjustasclosetoitasIamtomydogs.不管是谁丢失了小狗，他可能都与小狗的关系很亲密，就像我和自己的狗一样。4．thefashionableimaginationforcenturieswillbeexploredattheexhibition.展会上将会探究几个世纪以来中国是如何刺激时尚想象力的。5．whythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore.为什么同一拨人会不断回来参与更多的活动被深刻理解了。6．However，ifothersbenefitintheprocess，andIgetsomerewardtoo，doesitreallymatter?然而，如果其他人在这个过程中受益，我也得到了一些回报，我的动机是什么重要吗？7．Chinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspirationfordesigners...中国一直是设计师的灵感来源，这不算什么秘密……8．innaturehasbeenknownforalongtime.很久以来人们就知道黄石公园本质上具备火山特征。9．evolutionshouldselectforlargerbrains.进化应该选择更大的大脑似乎是显而易见的。【答案】1.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiences2.Whetherthevoiceyou’rehearing3.Whoeverlostthedog4.HowChinahasfueled5.Itisdeeplyunderstood6.wheremymotivationlies7.It’snosecretthat8.ThatYellowstoneisvolcanic9.ItseemsobviousthatⅢ.语法填空Itistrue1.____________experiencesareacquiredthroughourjourneyoflife.2.____________webelieveand3.____________welookatthingsandpeoplearoundusarebasedonallourexperiencesinlife.Despitethefact4.____________thingsandlifearethewaytheyare，weallhavedifferentopinionsandbeliefsabouteverythingandeverybody.Otherpeoplehaveopinionsaboutusaswell.But5.____________reallymattersistheopinionwehaveaboutourselves.Youchoosetoacceptandfollow6.____________otherpeoplebelieve，but7._______________youwanttobecomeyourselfandliveaccordingtotherealityoflifeisforyoutodecide.Bylivingalifeasitisandbeingyourself，youcreateanimageaboutwhatyouvaluemostand8.______________youadmiremost.Youshouldrememberhowimportantitistobeyourself.9.____________youareandhowyoufeelaredeterminedbytheimagethatyoucreateaboutyourself.Itdetermineshowsuccessfulyoubecomeinlifeandremindyou10.____________youarestandinginlife.Inshort，youareashappyorsadasyouseeyourself.【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。我们的人生经历决定了我们为人处世的方式。决定我们是否幸福快乐的因素是我们自己，而不是周围的人。1．that【解析】分析句子结构可知，“experiencesareacquiredthroughourjourneyoflife”意义完整，不缺任何成分，且本句中的It为形式主语，故后面应用that引导。故填that。2．What【解析】分析句子结构可知，该句中and连接两个并列成分作主语，空处在主语从句中作believe的宾语，指物。故填What。3．how【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处为and连接的第二个并列主语从句，且从句中缺方式状语，故填how。4．that【解析】分析句子结构可知，“__4__thingsandlifearethewaytheyare”作thefact的同位语，且从句中不缺成分，意义完整。故填that。5．what【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且从句中缺主语。故填what。6．what【解析】空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作believe的宾语，指物。故填what。7．whether【解析】此处表示你是否想成为你自己并生活在现实中，这是由你来决定的。该句为含有主语从句的复合句，根据语境可知，空处应填whether。8．whom【解析】分析句子结构可知，该句中and连接两个并列的宾语从句，且空处作admire的宾语，指人。故填whom。9．Who【解析】空处引导主语从句，在从句中作表语，且指人。故填Who。10．where【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句且在从句中作地点状语。故填where。写作园地写作园地Writing——表达观点的文章一、技法点拨高考英语应用文写作中，发表观点，议论情景是常见的书写手法。发表议论就是通过议论或说理来表达作者的见解和主张，作者对某一问题持有一种看法，为了使读者同意自己的看法，提出若干理由，试图说服他人。发表议论时，我们要注意三个要素：论点、论据、论证。二、篇章结构议论文的写作步骤：1．引言(introduction)。由于英语作文受时间和字数的限制，因此，审清题意之后在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题，并明白地亮出自己的观点，如提倡什么，支持什么，反对什么。2．主体段(mainbody)。主体段是议论的过程，作者必须有足够的证据(adequateproofs)来论证自己的观点。一般可提出一个或两个proofs，并对此用几句话分别进行阐述。3．结论(conclusion)。结论段可以用一两句话来结束文章。同时要注意与引言段呼应，但不能照搬前面的原话。1．表明观点①Recentlywe’vehadadiscussionaboutwhetherweshould...Ouropinionsaredividedonthistopic.Moststudentsareinfavorof...②Somepeopleholdtheopinionthat...issuperiorto...inmanyways.Others，however，arguethat...isbetter.2．陈述理由①TherearemanyreasonswhyIprefer...Themainreasonisthat...Anotherreasonisthat...②Manywayscanhelptosolvethisproblem，butthefollowingmaybethemosteffective.Foronething，...Foranother，...③However，theothersarestronglyagainstit.Theirreasonsareasfollows.3．总结①Thedisadvantagesof...outweightheadvantages，foritwilldomoreharmthangood.SoIsupportthat...②Butifallthesefactorsaretakenintoconsideration，...ismuchbetterthan...Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove，Imayfinallydrawtheconclusionthat...③Inconclusion，Ibelievethat...④AsfarasIamconcerned，Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat...Itisnotonlybecause...，butalsobecause...假定你是李华，最近，你班开展了主题为“ChemicalFarmingorOrganicFarming”的征文活动。请根据以下内容用英语写一篇短文。1．你的观点。2．作出该选择的理由。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头语已给出，不计入总词数。Inmyopinion，________farmingispreferableto________farmingbecause第一步审题谋篇主题农业体裁议论文人称第一人称、第三人称时态一般现在时布局第一段：表明观点，认为有机农业好(或化学农业好)。第二段：写明自己选择的理由。以有机农业为例：1.对环境友好；2.对健康有益；3.促进食欲。第三段：再次肯定自己的观点，与首段相呼应。第二步要点翻译1．我们应该尽自己所能来保护脆弱的环境。Weshoulddoeverythinginourpowertoprotectthedelicateenvironment.2．患癌症的人数在上升，我们要更注意吃的东西。Thenumberofpeoplediagnosedwithcancerisontheriseandweshouldpaymoreattentiontoourfood.3．不含化肥的有机农业，旨在使土壤肥沃，对自然环境无疑是友好的。Intendedtokeepthesoilrich，organicfarming，whichisfreeofchemicalfertilizers，isundoubtedlyfriendlytotheenvironment.4．有机食物富含矿物质和维生素，它能确保我们摄入必要的营养，并且减少了患潜在的严重疾病的可能性。Organicfoodisrichinmineralsandvitamins.Itguaranteesustheessentialnutritionandreducesthelikelihoodofpotentialseriousdisease.5．我们都知道化学农业生产出来的食物吃起来没有味道。Weallknowthatfoodproducedfromchemicalfarmingtastesflavorless．6．有机农业绝对能保全食物的自然风味，进而激发我们的食欲。Organicfarmingcandefinitelysecurethenaturalflavoroffood，thusstimulatingourappetite．第三步词句升级1．用so...that...改写句1。Sodelicateistheenvironmentthatweshoulddoeverythinginourpowertoprotectit.2．用with的复合结构和名词性从句改写句2。Withthenumberofpeoplediagnosedwithcancerontherise，weshouldpaymoreattentiontowhatweeat.3．用形容词短语作状语的形式和aswellas将句4中的两个简单句合为一个句子。Richinmineralsandvitamins，organicfoodguaranteesustheessentialnutritionaswellasreducingthelikelihoodofpotentialseriousdisease.4．将句5改写为主语从句。Itisknowntousthatfoodproducedfromchemicalfarmingtastesflavorless.第四步连句成篇Inmyopinion，organicfarmingispreferabletochemicalfarmingbecauseofitssignificantadvantagesoverthelatter.Detailsareasfollows.Inthefirstplace，sodelicateistheenvironmentthatweshoulddoeverythinginourpowertoprotectit.Intendedtokeepthesoilrich，organicfarming，whichisfreeofchemicalfertilizers，isundoubtedlyfriendlytotheenvironment.Withthenumberofpeoplediagnosedwithcancerontherise，wearesupposedtoattachmoreattentiontowhatweeat.Richinmineralsandvitamins，organicfoodguaranteesustheessentialnutritionaswellasreducingthelikelihoodofpotentialseriousdisease.Itiswidelyknownthatfoodproducedfromchemicalfarmingtastesflavorlesswhileorganicfarmingcandefinitelysecurethenaturalflavorofthefood，thusstimulatingourappetiteandcontributingtoourcuisineculture.Inconclusion，withallthesefactorstakenintoaccount，preferenceshouldbegiventoorganicfarming.假设你校《英语学习报》在组织一个关于城市生活问题的讨论。你也想在报上谈谈你的看法。你谈的主要内容如下：1．城市生活的优势；2．城市生活的劣势；3．你的看法。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【参考范文】Whenitcomestotheadvantagesofurbanlife，whatcomesintoourmindsarethewell－establishedtransportationsystem，qualityeducationandhealthcareaswellascomfortablelivingconditions，whicharethemainattractionsofmoderncitylife.However，asaresultofthewidespreaduseofmodernvehiclesandboostingindustry，therearesomedisadvantagesthatcan’tbeignored.Forinstance，trafficjamshavebecomeabigheadacheforthepeopledrivingtoandfromwork.Besides，noisesandharmfulsmokeposeathreattopeople’shealth.Despitethedisadvantagesabove，Istillthinkitsuitableforpeopletoliveinthecitywheretherearevariousculturaleventsandpeoplecanenjoytheconvenienceofmodernlife.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Twogroupsthatworktoprotecttheen