英语名师讲练大一轮复习人教版核心素养测评二必修1Unit2Englisharoundtheworld

温馨提示：此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。核心素养测评二必修1Unit2Englisharoundtheworld(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解ASignhasbeeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignlanguagesareunique—aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoknowhowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversy(争议):whetherlanguage,pletewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornwith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.ThepresentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofoneteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld’sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoollethimteachacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingstrange:amongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturalcode,eachmovementofthehandsrepresentingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish(混杂英语).ButStokoebelievedthe“handtalk”hisstudentsusedlookedricher.Hewondered:Mightdeafpeopleactuallyhaveagenuinelanguage?AndcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarth?Itwas1955.Stokoe’sideawasacademicheresy(异端邪说).Itis37yearslater.Stokoe—nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandtoproducingvideomaterialsonASLandthedeafculture—ishavinglunchatacafeneartheGallaudetcampusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution.FordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignlanguagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish,FrenchandJapanese.Theythoughtlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulation(调节)ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,themodulationofspace.“WhatIsaid,”Stokoeexplains,“isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff—it’sbrainstuff.”1.Thestudyofsignlanguageisthoughttobe______.

A.anewwaytolookatthelearningoflanguageB.achallengetotraditionalviewsonthenatureoflanguageC.anapproachtomakethegrammaticalstructureofalanguagesimpleD.atrytoclearmisunderstandingabouttheuseoflanguage【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段的Theyofferanewway...orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.可知,手语提供了一种新方法,用以探索大脑如何产生和理解语言,并为一个长期以来的科学争端——语言(连同语法)究竟是我们与生俱来的,还是一种我们后天学会的行为——提出了新的解释。故手语是对语言的性质的传统观点的挑战,所以选B。2.Thepresentgrowinginterestinsignlanguagewascausedby______.

A.afamousscholarinthestudyofthehumanbrainB.aleadingspecialistinthestudyofliberalartsC.anEnglishteacherinauniversityforthedeafD.someseniorexpertsinAmericanSignLanguage【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段的ThepresentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofoneteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld’sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.以及第二段的WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish可知,现在对手语的兴趣是由BillStokoe,一位教英语的老师激发的。故选C。3.MosteducatorswereagainstStokoe’sideabecausetheythought______.

A.signlanguagewasnotextensivelyusedevenbydeafpeopleB.signlanguagewastooartificialtobewidelyacceptedC.alanguageshouldbeeasytouseandunderstandD.alanguagecouldonlylieintheformofspeechsounds【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的Theythoughtlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulationofsound.可知,大多数教育者认为语言是建立在说,也就是声音的调节上。故选D。4.Stokoe’sargumentisbasedonhisbeliefthat______.

A.signlanguageisasusefulasanyotherlanguageB.signlanguageesfromnaturallanguageC.languageisasystemofmeaningfulcodesD.languageisaproductofthebrain【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“WhatIsaid,”Stokoeexplains,“isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff—it’sbrainstuff.”可知,Stokoe认为signlanguage是大脑的产物。故D项正确。D中的aproductofthebrain是对原文中brainstuff的同义表达。B导学号Thebestknownexampleofexternal(外部的)influencecausinglanguagechangeisthe“Americanization”ofworldculture,whichhascausedEnglishwordstoappearincitystreetsallovertheworld.Theeffectismostnoticeableinpopmusic.ForeigngroupsoftenrecordinEnglish,andthewordsarepickedupandrepeatedinthesamelanguageeverywhere,evenbychildrenwhootherwisehavelittleornomandofthelanguage.IoncemetaBrazilianchildofabouttenwhocouldcount“one,two,three”,butonlybyaddingthewords“o’clock,fouro’clockrock”attheend.SomepeopleareoftenstronglycriticaloftheinfluenceofEnglishontheirlanguage—especiallywhenanEnglishwordreplacesatraditionalword.In1977,FrancepassedalawbanningtheuseofEnglishwordsinofficialsituationsifanequivalent(意义相同的)Frenchexpressionexisted—butthelawseemedtobehonoredmoreinthebreakingthanintheobserving.Someothercountrieshaveconsideredintroducingasimilarlawdespitetheevidencethatsuchlawshaveverylittleeffect,andthatthearrivalofloanwords(外来词)cangreatlyenrichalanguage(asindeedinthecaseofEnglishitself,whichhasalonghistoryofwelingforeignwords).However,noteveryoneiscritical.Inparticular,mercialfirmsandadvertisersarewellawareofthepotentialsellingpowerthattheuseofEnglishvocabularycanbring.InJapan,Englishisevenusedintelevisionmercials,despitethefactthatthemajorityofviewerswouldnotunderstandexactlywhatwasbeingsaid.TheexcellenceimpliedbythemereuseofEnglishisapparentlyenoughtomandthestrategytotheadvertisers.MostoftheinfluenceofEnglishisuponthevocabularyofforeignlanguages,butsurveysareslowlybringingtolightseveralcaseswherewordorderorwordstructurehasbeenaffected.Sentencesofthetype“Thebooksellswell”,usinganactiveconstructionforapassivemeaning,havebeguntoappearinDanish(Bogensoelgergodt).SeverallanguageskeeptheEnglishpluralendingwhentheymakeuseofaloanword,anddonottranslateitintothenativeform,e.g.drinks.Therearemanyothersuchcases.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文,介绍了造成语言变化的外部影响,最著名的例子是世界文化的“美国化”,它导致英语单词出现在世界各地的城市街道上。这种影响在流行音乐中最为明显。5.WhycouldtheBrazilianchildspeak‘one,two,three’inEnglish?A.Becausehehadseenthesewordsinthestreet.B.BecauseheknewhowtotellthetimeinEnglish.C.BecausehehadmadehimselfmasterofEnglish.D.Becausehehadheardthesewordsinsongsalot.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段“ForeigngroupsoftenrecordinEnglish...butonlybyaddingthewords‘o’clock,fouro’clockrock’attheend.”可知,文中提到的这个巴西小孩可能本身不太会说英语,但是由于含有这些英语数字的歌曲不断重复播放,所以他学会了用英语说这些数字。故选D。6.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinFrancein1977?A.Itwasstrict.B.Itwasunfair.C.Itwasoftenignored.D.Itwasstronglyopposed.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段“In1977,FrancepassedalawbanningtheuseofEnglishwordsinofficialsituationsifanequivalentFrenchexpressionexisted—butthelawseemedtobehonoredmoreinthebreakingthanintheobserving.”可知,1977年,法国通过了一项法律,禁止在官方场合使用与法语意义相同的英语词汇——但这项法律似乎更多地是在打破而不是遵守。故我们可以推测这项法律经常被忽视,故选C。7.WhatisthepurposeofsomeJapanesemercialsusingEnglish?A.FollowingtheAmericantrend.B.Beingworldfamous.C.EnrichingJapanese.D.Increasingsales.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中thepotentialsellingpowerthattheuseofEnglishvocabularycanbring以及TheexcellenceimpliedbythemereuseofEnglish可知,广告中使用英语能让人感觉该产品很出色,激发人们的购买欲。故选D。8.Thelastparagraphismainlydevelopedby______.

A.providingexamplesB.makingparisonsC.explaininggrammarrulesD.analyzinglanguagechanges【解析】选A。推理判断题。最后一段中通过“主动结构表达被动意义”和“保留表示复数的词尾”两个例子来说明英语对其他语言的语序或结构也有影响。故选A。9.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardslanguagechange?A.Critical. B.Objective.C.Concerned. D.Supportive.【解析】选B。观点态度题。文章的叙述主要以第三人称视角,引用了不同人的观点和意见,作者本身没有发表看法,因此可以推断作者对于语言转变的态度是“客观的”,故选B。【知识拓展】背景链接来自汉语的英语词汇bonsai盆栽(花卉)Confucius孔子coolie苦力 Kowtow叩头;磕头kungfu功夫 mahjong麻将silk丝 Taiji太极tea茶(闽南语) tofu豆腐typhoon台风 oolong乌龙茶Ⅱ.完形填空Ifeltgloomy(沮丧的)theotherday.Theweatherhadbeendarkandrainy,andIjustdidn’tfeelso1.

AsIwassittingatmydeskI2itwasthebirthdayofadearlongtimefriend—asinglemiddleagedwomanwhohasdevotedthepast30yearstonursingandlovesher3.Knowingthatshedoesn’thavefamilyintownI4togiveheracall.SureenoughshewasonBshift,5toworklateintotheeveningandwouldn’thavemuchofabirthdaythisyear.Asalways,6,shesoundedcheerfulandwashappythatI7.

AfterIhungupIcouldn’t8thefeelingthatshewouldreallyappreciatealittleattentiononherspecialday.9feelingalittlegloomymyself,Itriedtoputitoutofmy10,butasthedaypassedIcouldn’tshakethethought.I11gavein,andthateveningsetofftothehospitalwithacard,acheesecake,andsomeballoons.Myfriend’sgratefulsmileandjoyfulsurprise12meI’ddonetherightthingandwereagenerous13forthelittleeffortithadtaken.

WhenIgothomeIrealizedthatnotonlyhadIcheeredupa14friendonherbirthdaybutmyowngloomyfeelingshadalso15.Makingherdayhadmademyown!

That’strue16wetakethetimeandmaketheefforttodosomethingforsomeoneelse.It’slikethelittlesaying“Lovingkindnessistwiceblessed;itblesseshimwhogives,andhimwho17.”

Cheeringuppeopleontheirbirthdaysisn’ttheonlythingwecandotomaketheirday.Lifeconstantlypresentsuswith18totakeanextrastepordoakinddeedthatwillmakea19tosomeone.Andthe20thingisthataswedo,itchangesthingsforthebetterforustoo.

【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。文章讲述了作者通过给一个朋友庆祝生日,不仅使朋友高兴,而且使自己也摆脱了沮丧的情绪。由此作者得出结论:善良的行为是双倍的祝福。施予者和接受者都会从中受益。1.A.specialB.positiveC.nervousD.proud【解析】选B。special特殊的,专门的;positive积极的;nervous紧张的;proud骄傲的。根据“Ifeltgloomy.”可知,作者感到沮丧,心态不积极。故B选项正确。2.A.explained B.plainedC.remembered D.informed【解析】选C。explain解释;plain抱怨;remember记住;inform通知,告知。作者坐在桌边的时候,记起了那天是一个朋友的生日。故C选项正确。3.A.family B.study C.life D.work【解析】选D。family家庭;study学习;life生活;work工作。根据“...hasdevotedthepast30yearstonursing”可知,作者的朋友从事护士工作30年,由此可知,她非常喜欢自己的工作。故D选项正确。4.A.decided B.continuedC.failed D.refused【解析】选A。decide决定;continue继续;fail失败;refuse拒绝。知道朋友在镇上没有家人,所以作者决定给她打个。故A选项正确。5.A.surprised B.disappointedC.bored D.prepared【解析】选D。surprised惊讶的;disappointed失望的;bored厌烦的;prepared有准备的。作者的朋友是B班,准备工作到深夜。故D选项正确。6.A.though B.besidesC.therefore D.otherwise【解析】选A。though虽然;besides此外,而且;therefore因此;otherwise否则。前面提到,作者的朋友要工作到深夜,也没有过生日。后文提到,朋友的声音听起来像往常一样开心快乐。由此判断,上下文之间是转折关系。故A选项正确。7.A.admitted B.calledC.succeeded D.apologized【解析】选B。admit承认;call打;succeed成功;apologize道歉。根据上文中的“I______togiveheracall”可知,作者给朋友打了一个,朋友很高兴。故B选项正确。

8.A.getonwith B.putupwithC.getridof D.takeholdof【解析】选C。getonwith和……相处;putupwith容忍,忍受;getridof除掉,去掉;takeholdof握住,控制住。根据下文“asthedaypassedIcouldn’tshakethethought...setofftothehospitalwithacard...”可知,作者一直摆脱不了那种在这个特别的日子里得到一点关注她会很感激的感觉。所以,最终作者带着礼物去医院看望朋友了。故C选项正确。9.A.Almost B.Even C.Never D.Still【解析】选D。Almost几乎;Even甚至;Never从未;Still仍然。第一段提到“Ifeltgloomy.”,该处又提到“feelingalittlegloomymyself”,由此可知,作者在挂断之后,仍然感到有点沮丧。故D选项正确。10.A.opinion B.imageC.mind D.expectation【解析】选C。opinion看法,意见;image形象,影像;mind头脑,思想;expectation期望。作者努力地想把那种想法从大脑里消除掉。根据常识可知,想法肯定是存在于大脑中的。故C选项正确。11.A.luckily B.finallyC.unhappily D.hardly【解析】选B。luckily幸运地;finally最终,最后;unhappily不高兴地;hardly几乎不。随着这一天过去,作者仍然摆脱不了那种想法。最终,作者屈服了,动身去医院看望朋友。故B选项正确。12.A.convinced B.advisedC.promised D.reminded【解析】选A。convince使信服;advise建议;promise承诺;remind提醒,使想起。朋友感激的笑容和惊喜使作者相信自己做了一件正确的事情。故A选项正确。13.A.demand B.desireC.reward D.share【解析】选C。demand要求;desire渴望;reward酬谢,奖赏;share一份。朋友感激的微笑和惊喜是对作者付出的努力的奖赏。故C选项正确。14.A.guilty B.lonelyC.weak D.curious【解析】选B。guilty愧疚的;lonely孤独的;weak虚弱的;curious好奇的。根据第二段中的“shedoesn’thavefamilyintown”可知,作者朋友的家人都不在她身边,朋友肯定在生日这一天很孤独。故B选项正确。15.A.existed B.deepenedC.wasted D.disappeared【解析】选D。exist存在;deepen加深;waste浪费;disappear消失。notonly...butalso表示并列关系,因此该句指作者去看望朋友,这么做不仅使孤独的朋友精神愉悦,而且作者的情绪也好了起来,原来的沮丧感消失了。故D选项正确。16.A.when B.because C.though D.if【解析】选A。when当……的时候;because因为;though尽管;if如果。当我们花时间努力为他人做点什么的时候,不仅可以使对方心情愉悦,而且我们自己也会感觉良好。故A选项正确。17.A.tries B.receives C.loves D.cares【解析】选B。try尝试,努力;receive收到;love爱;care在乎。作者以自己为例,证明帮助别人可以使双方受益。又根据It’slikethelittlesaying可知,该谚语想表达的是善良的行为是双倍的祝福。它赐福于施予者和接受者。故B选项正确。18.A.experiences B.dreamsC.choices D.opportunities【解析】选D。experience经历;dream梦想;choice选择;opportunity机会。生活不断地赠给我们更进一步或者做一件对别人有意义的事情的机会。故D选项切题。19.A.difference B.connectionC.discovery D.decision【解析】选A。difference区别,不同;connection连接,联系;discovery发现;decision决定。做好事当然对别人会有影响。makeadifference意为“起作用,有影响”。故A选项正确。20.A.normal B.similarC.wonderful D.practical【解析】选C。normal正常的;similar相似的;wonderful极好的;practical实际的,实践的。当我们做了好事的时候,我们的所作所为也使得我们自身的境遇变好,这是一件非常好的事情。故C选项正确。【知识拓展】佳词积累1.devote...to专心于;致力于2.hangup 挂断()3.givein 屈服;让步4.setoff 出发;动身5.cheerup 使高兴6.makeone’sday 使某人开心7.maketheeffort 努力8.presentsb.withsth. 赠给某人某物9.makeadifference 有影响;有关系Ⅲ.语法填空导学号阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Most97yearoldswould1.__________(probable)feelacplishedjustgettingoutofbedinthemorning.JohnB.Goodenough,97,justwontheNobelPrizeinchemistry.

2.__________(bear)in1922inJena,Germany,GoodenoughearnedaPhDfromtheUniversityofChicagoin1952.HewentontoworkattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,thenattheUniversityofOxford.ItwasatOxford3.__________Good