高考英语专题复习课件：完形填空(公开课)

高考英语专题复习课件：完形填空(公开课)第一页，共39页。为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?1.没有严格遵循答题步骤:多数同学考试时担心时间紧,在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题.事实上我们用在这一题上的时间可以达到15-18分钟.

切记:一定要用2-3分钟时间进行缺词阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空.2.不注意积累答题技巧:a.忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系;b.遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择.第一页第二页，共39页。模棱两可处和看不懂，该怎么办？似懂非懂，找寻答案就如大海掏针从头到尾充满了暗示猜也要猜得有理有据命题是艺术，解题就是技术；命题是设计陷阱，技巧就是识破陷阱第二页第三页，共39页。不看文章和题干，让你轻松选答案(民间药方）（2010辽宁卷）36AworriedBsadCsurprisedDnervous52ALargelyBGenerallyCGraduallyDProbably47AsIfoundout,thereis______46,oftennoperfectequivalence()betweentwo___47intwolanguages.Myauntevengoessofarasto___48thataChinese"equivalent"cannevergiveyouthe___49meaningofawordinEnglish!47AwordsBsrillCideasDcharacters第三页第四页，共39页。词汇题高考完形填空考什么？篇章结构

句际关系第四页第五页，共39页。题材常为说明文或夹叙夹议的文章.内容完整,逻辑性强,语言结构严谨.考察近义词语细微差别的辨析.考察重点多为实词:名/代/动词/形容/副词等.关注语境背景知识,侧重上下关联,暗示判断能力.侧重于篇章,体现语用判断和内在逻辑.完型填空特点:第五页第六页，共39页。考纲解读

完形填空是一种综合测试，涉及的知识面很广，是用来测试考生的阅读理解能力和综合应用语言的能力。具体表现在以下几个方面：(1)词语辨析能力(2)语法结构分析能力(3)语篇理解能力(4)逻辑推理能力(5)文化背景透析能力(6)作者意图剖析能力(7)生活常识综合运用能力第六页第七页，共39页。解题方法：(科学药方)总的原则:“先完意，后完形”。八字方针：上下求索，瞻前顾后。三步曲：读——填——读第七页第八页，共39页。跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意再读全文，反复检查结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案瞻前顾后，先易后难，个个击破

完形填空的解题步骤把握整体具体分析第八页第九页，共39页。三步答题Step1Skip(跳读)thepassagetogetthegeneralideaandpayattentiontothefirstsentence.Intheclozetest,thereisnoblankinthefirstsentence(首句).Ithelpsustoknowthetopicofthewholepassage.(完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）第九页第十页，共39页。Step2Rereadandchoosethebestanswerforeachblankbyusingsome

methods.(在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案)第十页第十一页，共39页。Fourmethods(四种常用的方法)：1、context

(上下文语境)2、worddistinctionsorcollocations(词语辨析和固定搭配)3、informationgiveninthepassage(利用文章中的信息---原词复现、近义词和反义词等)4、culturalbackgroundandcommonsense(文化背景和常识)第十一页第十二页，共39页。Step3Readthepassageagainandcheck

theanswers.（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查）

第十二页第十三页，共39页。

Tips:1.thetenseandthevoice，theaccordbetweensubjectandpredicate(时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致)2.grammarandcollocations(语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致)3.theconnectionbetweensentencesandparagraphs

(段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯)4.themeaningofthewholepassage(整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文的衔接是否合理)第十三页第十四页，共39页。完形填空九大解题技巧第十四页第十五页，共39页。利用首句来解题Ididverybadlyatschool.MyheadmasterthoughtIwas

36

andwhenIwas14,hesaid,“You’renevergoingtobe37(anything)

butafailure.”

36.A.bright

B.useless

C.simple

D.hopeful第十五页第十六页，共39页。2.根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题Ourfatherwasastruggling36(lawyer),butIalwaysknewhewas

37

.Henevercriticizedus,butused38tobringoutourbest.

37.

A.strict

B.honest

C.special

D.learned38.A.help B.peace C.smile D.praise第十六页第十七页，共39页。Practice

Hisbigstomachhasalwaysballoonedout

betweenhisT-shirtandtrousers.Althoughhisfamilyoften43aboutthat,Edrefusedtobuya44T-shirtortoloseweight.43.A.caredB.forgotC.quarreled D.joked44.A.clean B.straightC.largerD.darker第十七页第十八页，共39页。常见的标志性的词语有以下几种:结构层次:firstly,secondly,thirdly；逻辑关系：thus,therefore,so；递进关系：besides,what’smore,further;转折关系：but,while,however等。3.利用语篇的标志性的词语解题第十八页第十九页，共39页。Shetoldthefront-deskclerkshehadhada(n)__1_vacation,butwasheart-brokenaboutlosingseveralrollsofKodakcolorfilmshehadnotyetdeveloped.1.A.disappointing B.wonderfulC.uncomfortable D.important__第十九页第二十页，共39页。…andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange__37_quitepleasanttaste.

37.A.besidesB.butC.and D.or

4.根据逻辑推理解题第二十页第二十一页，共39页。Studentsgenerallyappreciatethesespecial50opportunities.Theyarealmostalwaysfunandinteresting,andprofessors51themtoobecausestudentslearnsomuchinjustafewshortmonths.50.A.workingB.livingC.teachingD.learning51.A.holdB.likeC.dislikeD.discoverPractice第二十一页第二十二页，共39页。Theamountofusablewaterhasalwaysbeenofgreatinterestintheworld.36(Owning)springsandstreamssometimesmeanscontrol,particularlyinthe37areaslikethedesert.

A．dry

B．distant

C．deserted

D．wild5.根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择第二十二页第二十三页，共39页。Iwentintoacaféandaskedforacoffee.

21

Iwaswaitingformydrink,Irealizedthattherewereotherpeopleintheplace,butIsensed

22(loneliness).A．Before

B．Since

C．Although

D．While6.从语法角度来解题第二十三页第二十四页，共39页。1)Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming__1_.Soheshouldn’thavegoneintothatplace.1.A.afterallB.inallC.atallD.forall2)SoItriedhardwithmywritingandwenttocollege.Myfirstnovel45whileIwasatcollege.45.A.cameonB.cameinC.cameoutD.cameback7.从词汇辨析和固定搭配方面来解题第二十四页第二十五页，共39页。8.利用词汇的复现解题Howdoesatoothgobad?The51beginsinalittlecrackintheenamel(珐琅）coveringofthetooth.Thishappensaftergermsandbitsoffoodhavecollectedthere.Thenthedecayslowlyspreadsinsidethetooth.Intheend,poisongoesintoblood,andwemayfeelquiteill.51.A.destructionB.decayC.faultD.hurt上文中讲蛀牙如何产生。空51和红体单词在意义上是一致的，属于同义词复现现象。第二十五页第二十六页，共39页。….Iraisedthepistolandfired.Theanimalfellbackwardswithanangrycry.Fathertookthe___38____

smokingpistolfrommyhand,andfiredanothershot,whichkilledthegorilla.38.A.stillB.yetC.evenD.already9.利用语气副词的情景解题第二十六页第二十七页，共39页。summary研究首尾——找主题上下联系——寻信息左顾右盼——找搭配思前想后——觅逻辑语境分析——辨词义集中精力——破难题回读检查——补漏洞第二十七页第二十八页，共39页。完形填空之

实战训练第二十八页第二十九页，共39页。第二十九页第三十页，共39页。

（08江西）Thethreeyouthsleanedoverthemetalrailsalongthesea-wallandwatchedafewfishermenpullintheirnets.Aboutthirtymetresaway,aboatpulledalongsidetheslipperystepsleading36tothesea.“Hey,look!”exclaimedRahim.“Thosetwomenare37heavyrocks.Ithoughtwenolongerdomusclelabourinthistechnological38.”“youdon’t39acrane(起重机)tounloadlessthanadozenrocks,doyou?”smiledJoshua.“Butthosemendon’t40tohavemusclesatall,”saidMichael,rathersurprised.Joshuasmiled.“Theyare41laborerswhoknowhowtospreadtheweightoftherocksthey42.Seehowthemanpositionstherockjustattheslopeofhis43.36.A.throughB.acrossC.downD.up37.A.loadingB.unloadingC.coveringD.uncovering38.A.wayB.revolutionC.processD.era39.A.askB.expectC.attemptD.hope40.A.happenB.failC.haveD.seem41.A.ambitiousB.experiencedC.potentialD.energetic42.A.takeB.fetchC.carryD.bring43.A.shoulderB.backC.chestD.arms原词重现语境理解词义用法排除法语境-词义词义辨析常识第三十页第三十一页，共39页。Someoftherock’sweightisset44hishead,someontherighthandandsomeonthelefthand.Hisbodyisn’tbent.Hislegsarewell45.”“You’reright,Josh.Hemayhaveasmallbuild.46hecertainlywellknowshisjob.Dearme!Andtothinkwehavebeenstudying47!”Rahimthoughtaboutallthatwashappening.Suddenly,hesaid,“Technologywon’t48thehumanbeingcompletely,itappears.”“Idon’tthinkitwill.”49Joshua.“Youcanharvestacropofpotatoesorwheatwithoneofthoselarge,multi-purposetractors,butyou50usethatequipmenttoharvestlealeavesandtomatoes,willyou?”44.A.onB.againstC.towardD.under45.A.supportedB.graspedC.placedD.strengthened46.A.butB.howeverC.soD.therefore47.A.chemistryB.physicsC.biologyD.psychology48.A.controlB.affectC.removeD.replace49.A.agreedB.proposedC.refusedD.denied50.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.won’tD.needn’t常识词义词义辨析转折关系语境理解词义语境语境原词重现第三十一页第三十二页，共39页。“Youcangetacomputerto51multiple-choiceassessments,butyoucannotgetthecomputertoproduceofassessessays,canyou?”askedMichael.“Well,thewashingmachineleavesmyshirtcollarquiteas52asever---that’sdomestictechnologyforyou!”saidRahim.“Oneday,perhaps,therewon’tbeanybody53whocancarryalargerockthewaythosemendo.It’snotgoingtobeavery54world,I’mafraid.”SighedMichael.“You’retoomuchofapessimist(悲观主义者)，Mike.”SaidJoshua.“55willalwaysbeotherthingsthatwillmaketheworldexciting.”51.A.pointoutB.takeoutC.handoutD.printout52.A.dirtyB.cleanC.oldD.new53.A.caughtB.arrangedC.leftD.convinced54.A.excitingB.mysteriousC.technologicalD.modern55.A.ThatB.ThisC.TheyD.There常识常识-语境词义-句型原词重现固定句型第三十二页第三十三页，共39页。Aredreamsofanyusetothedreamerortoanybodyelse?Wemayrememberthetravelerwho__1_______theshipWaratahatDurbanbecauseofhisterrible_2_______.TheWaratahlaterdisappearedentirely,witheveryoneon_3________.Thetraveler’sdreamshelpedhimandsavedhimfrom_4__________,buttheydidn’thelptheotherpeople.Whywasthismantreated_5___________fromeveryoneelse?1.A.left B.gotC.drove D.enter2.A.ideas B.suggestionsC.dreams D.words3.A.board B.shipC.sea D.deck4.A.life B.deathC.illness D.disease5.A.similarlyB.differentlyC.strangelyD.unfortunatelyleftboarddeathdifferentlydreams第三十三页第三十四页，共39页。Anotherman_6_____hadadreamabouttheBlackForestinGermany.Inhisdreamhewaswalkingintheforest_7______twomenranoutandtriedtothrowhimtothe_8_______.Heranoffasfastashecould,buttheyfollowed.Hereachedaplace_9_____hesawtwo_10________roadsinfrontofhim,onetotherightandtheothertotheleft.Whichroadoughtheto_11______?6.A.alone B.onceC.still D.even7.A.while B.asC.before D.when8.A.floor B.earthC.soil D.ground9.A.which B.thatC.where D.who10.A.same B.separateC.divided D.crossed11.A.take B.bringC.carry D.go句型下文有暗示宾语separatewheregroundwhenoncetake第三十四页第三十五页，共39页。Problemsolvingstrategies上下文语境（context)常识背景（commonsense）习惯搭配（phrases&idioms）词义辨析

（comparison）语法分析（grammaranalysis)逻辑分析

(logicalanalysis)排除法

（exclusivemethod）灵活的解题技巧第三十五页第三十六页，共39页。Heheardthetwomen_12____him,gettingnearerandatthesametimeheheardavoi