高考英语一轮复习知识点梳理课件17 倒装句、强调句

十大词类与构词法02动词及动词时态04非谓语动词08名词性从句09情态动词、虚拟语气11倒装句、强调句、省略句12高考语法体系01句子成分和五种基本句型03被动语态06定语从句07状语从句10主谓一致05倒装句强调句省略句倒装的目的：

语法结构的需要：

Thereisabridgeacrosstheriver.河上有座桥。

Whereareyougoing?你上哪去？

语法修饰的需要：倒装句可以起强调作用，加强语气。例如：

Upwentthemodelplane.

英语倒装句分为两种：１、整个谓语在主语前的句子，叫完全倒装。Herecomes

thecar.２、部分谓语（情态动词、助动词、连系动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后的句子，叫部分倒装句。Only

thendidherealize

thathewaswrong.(直到）…才1.1倒装句1.句首有here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,off,away等表示地点、时间、方位的副词时：Outrushedacat.Theregoesthebell.

Upwenttheprice.1.1完全倒装人称代词不倒装：

Hereyouare.Therehegoes.2.介词短语表方位放句首Onthegroundlayagoat.(Inthe)eastofZiboliemanychemicalfactories.(谓语通常是be,stand,sit,lie等动词)1.only+状语开头的句子，用部分倒装；作状语的可以是副词、介词短语或状语从句。1)Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvetheproblem.2)OnlywhenIarriveddidhestopwatchingTV.3)Onlythendidherealizehehadmadeamistake.注：如果only用来强调主语，则不用倒装。翻译：只有海伦知道这个秘密。OnlyHelenknowsthissecret.

1.2部分倒装2.具有否定意义的词或词组开头的句子，用部分倒装。这样的词有hardly,never,barely,scarcely,little,notonly,bynomeans,atnotime,onnocondition,undernocircumstancesetc.1)Littledidheknowwhothegirlwas.2)Innowaycantheyfinishthetask.

3)Notuntilhisparentsreturnedhomedidhefinishhishomework.=Hedidn’tfinishhishomeworkuntilhisparentsreturnedhome=Itwasn’tuntilhisparentsreturnedhomethathefinishedhishomework.4)NotonlycanIspeakEnglish,butIcanalsospeakFrench.(also经常省略，有时也省略but)1.2部分倒装3.用于so/such…that,表示“如此……以至于”的结构中，so+adj./adv.;such+n置于句首，构成倒装。1)Hedrivessocarelesslythatheisoftenfinedbypoliceman.（改为倒装句）Socarelesslydoeshedrivethatheisoftenfinedbypolicemen.2)Sheissuchagoodteacherthateveryoneofuslikesher.（改为倒装句）Suchagoodteacherisshethateveryoneofuslikesher.

1.2部分倒装4.as作“尽管、虽然”解，引导让步状语从句时，引起倒装,需要倒装前置的内容有表语名词去冠词；表语形容词；动词后副词；情态动词后动原。1)AlthoughIlikehermuch,Iwillnevermarryher.(改为由as引导的倒装句)MuchasIlikeher,Iwillnevermarryher.2)Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.(改为由as引导的倒装句)Youngasheis,heknowsalot.3)Althoughtheywouldtry,theymightfailagain.(改为由as引导的倒装句)Tryastheywould,theymightfailagain.注：从句中作表语的单数名词放句首，须省略前面冠词。Childasheis,heknowsalot.尽管他是个孩子，他懂得很多。1.2部分倒装5.表示前一个人的情况也适合于后一个人。1)HehasbeentoBeijing.SohaveI.

2)Liweican’tanswerthequestion.NeithercanI.

基本结构：It+is/was+被强调成分+that/who+其他成分

被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语,但不能是谓语.被强调部分指人，用who或that；指物，只用that。e.g.Hemet

anoldfriend

intheparkyesterday.Itwas

he

who/thatmetanoldfriendintheparkyesterday.Itwas

anoldfriend

that/whohemetintheparkyesterday.Itwas

inthepark

thathemetanoldfriendyesterday.Itwas

yesterday

thathemetanoldfriendinhepark.强调主语强调宾语强调地点状语强调时间状语2.1强调句

一般疑问形式Is/was+it+强调部分+that+其余部分?2.2强调句形式Hemetanoldfriendintheparkyesterday.Itwasintheparkthathemetanoldfriendyesterday.Wasitintheparkthathemetanoldfriendyesterday?Wherewasitthathemetanoldfriendyesterday?Whenwasitthathemetanoldfriendinthepark?特殊疑问形式特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/who+其余部分?(1)Itwasthreehoursago_____helefthere.(答案:that，强调句型)(2)Itwasthreeo’clock______helefthere.(答案:when，时间状语从句)(3)Itisthreehours_________helefthere.(答案:since，时间状语从句)(4)Itwasn’tlong________helefthere.(答案:before，时间状语从句)用that,before,when,since完成句子

2.3强调句Ididn’twakeupuntilIheardthealarmclock.=NotuntilIheardthealarmclockdidIwakeup.=ItwasnotuntilIheardthealarmclockthatIwokeup.=Iwokeupafter/whenIheardthealarmclock.2.4until强调句

when引导的为时间状语从句“Itbe+时间+when...”句型,表“某事发生时正是……时候”。Itwasmidnightwhenhegothomeyesterday.昨天他到家的时候已是半夜。(when引导的为时间状语从句,it为代词,指时间.)2.5时间状语从句when

比较：

Itwasatmidnightthathegothomeyesterday.

他昨天是半夜到家的。(本句为强调句，强调atmidnight，去掉itwas及that句子结构仍完整.)

since＋持续性动词过去式(从动作结束时算起)since＋瞬间动词过去式(从该动作发生时算起)Itistwoyearssincehesmoked.他戒烟已有两年了。Itistwoyearssincehejoinedthearmy.他参军两年了。常用句式：Itis/hasbeen＋一段时间＋since...(从句用一般过去时)IthasbeenthreeyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.2.6时间状语从句sincesince一般用于“现在完成时”或“一般现在时”；since表示“自从”时，通常与现在完成时连用；主句表示“多长时间”时，动词可用一般现在时（也可用现在完成时）。before引导时间状语从句表示“在…之前”,从句中常用如下句型：Itwillbelongbefore...(得过好久才……)Itwillnotbelongbefore...(不久就……)Itwaslongbefore...(过了好久才……)Itwasnotlongbefore...(过了不久就……)ItwillbehalfayearbeforeIcomeback.Itwon'tbelongbeforeyouregretforwhatyou'vedone.Itwasn'tbelongbeforetheycameback.Itwaslongbeforetheymetagain.2.7时间状语从句before一、状语从句的省略省略句考点3用法例句1.表示条件、时间、地点、方式或让步等的状语从句的谓语含有be动词，且从句的主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it时，常把从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。If(itis)necessary，I'llgowithyou.如果有必要的话，我和你一起去。Becarefulwhen(youare)crossingthestreet.过马路时要当心。用法例句2.用so或not代替上文内容，此时可用“if＋so/not”省略句式Getupearlytomorrow.Ifnot(＝Ifyoudon'tgetupearly),youwillmissthefirstbus.明天要早起。如果不，你就赶不上首班公共汽车。二、动词不定式的省略用法例句1.在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形，只保留to。否定式的省略用notto。—Wouldyouliketogowithus?你愿意和我们一起去吗？—I'mgladto，butI'mtoobusy.我很乐意去，但是我太忙了。Theboywantedtosmokebutwastoldbyt