造纸工业所用的废纸知识点梳理胡总

废纸的分类，对废纸的收集、处理有直接的影响。废纸的来源不同，其纤维种类、成分及性能等差异很大。对废纸进行分类，可以达到分级使用、物尽其用的目的。

废纸的分类一般按废纸的来源和废纸纤维的种类来划分，但世界各国废纸分类的方法和标准有较大的差异。目前我国造纸工业所用的废纸分为两大类。一类是国内废纸。主要有旧瓦楞纸箱、书刊杂志纸、旧报纸、纸箱厂的边角料、印刷厂的白纸切边、水泥袋、混合废纸及杂废纸等。国内废纸还没有全国统一的质量标准，目前正在制订之中。另一类是进口废纸。主要有美国废纸、欧洲废纸及日本废纸，华南沿海部分纸厂使用一些香港废纸。

(一)国外废纸的分类

联合国粮农组织按废纸用途将废纸分为四大类：新闻纸和书籍废纸、纸板箱废纸、高质量废纸及其它废纸。

日本将废纸分为9类：上等白纸卡纸、特白中白马尼拉纸、有

色道林纸、证券纸、牛皮纸、报纸、杂志纸、瓦楞箱板和硬纸板。

英国将废纸分为11类；不含机械浆的白色未印刷废纸、不含

机械浆的白色已印刷废纸、含机械浆的白色和轻度印刷废纸、不含机械浆的有色废纸、含机械浆的重度印刷废纸、有色牛皮纸和马尼拉纸、新的牛皮挂面纸板、容器废纸、混合废纸、有色卡纸和含杂质废纸。

德国将废纸分为低级、中级．高级和保强废纸四大类。后者包括用过的防水或不防水的牛皮纸袋，用过或未用过的纯硫酸盐浆纸、旧瓦楞箱纸等。

美国将废纸分为三大类：纸浆代用品、可净化的废纸和普通废纸。纸浆代用品指白纸与白纸的切边，这类废纸经打散成纤维后不作进一步处理即可作为成浆使用。可净化的废纸经脱除印刷油墨后即可成浆使用。普通废纸包括旧报纸、旧瓦楞纸箱和混合废纸等。另一更细的分类法是将废纸分为47种，另列特殊等级7种，并颁布了《废纸原料标准》，使每个类别的废纸均有明确的质量标准。我国进口美国废纸较多的品种有旧瓦楞箱纸板(AOCC)、旧报纸（ONP)、旧杂志纸(OMP)，另有少量纸的切边(DLK)、混合边废纸(MOW)、分选白账簿纸(SWL)、分选色账簿纸(SCL)、计算机打印文件纸(CPO)及双面牛皮箱纸板边角料(NDLK)等。

美国废纸标准和欧洲废纸标准对废纸的分类标号有所不同。这里以美国废纸标准分类号为基准介绍几种常见进口废纸。

(1)№3废纸(SuperMixedPaper)

又称高级废杂纸。经过

挑选的不同质量的废杂纸混合组成，打包供货。此类废纸的杂物含量不超过o5％，不合格废纸总量不超过3％。

(2)№6废纸(News)

又称旧报纸。废旧报纸打包供货。其

它纸张含量不超过5%，杂物含量不超过0.5%，不合格废纸总量

不超过2％。

(3)№8废纸(SpecialNewsDe-inkQuality)脱墨用旧报纸。

经挑选不受潮的废报纸打包供货。此类旧报纸没有受太阳光的曝

晒，不含杂志、空白纸张、印刷厂过期报刊和其它废杂纸，其凹印和彩色部分不超过正常数量，不能用其它纸张包装，不允许混有杂物，不合格废纸总量不超过O25％。

(4)№9废纸(Over-IssueNews)

发行过剩报纸。报纸发行

过剩部分打包或捆状供货。凹印和彩印部分不超过正常数量，不允许杂物和不合格废纸混人。

(5)№10废纸(Magazines)

旧杂志纸。旧杂志、目录或同

类印刷品打包供货。杂物不得超过1％，不合格废纸总量不得超过

3％。

(6)№11废纸(CorrugatedContainers)

又称旧瓦楞纸箱。其面层为仿箱板纸浆、麻浆或牛皮木装，打包供货。杂物不超过

1％，不合格废纸总量不超过5％。

(7)№13废纸(NewsDouble-LinedKraftCorrugatedCuttings)双挂面牛皮瓦楞纸新边角料。瓦楞纸边角料，其挂面层为麻浆或牛皮浆或仿箱板纸浆，其芯层或面层均应未经表面处理，打包供货。不允许有杂物混人，不合格废纸总量不得超过l%。来源于美国、西欧的废物回收公司从民间收集的旧瓦楞纸箱及纸箱厂产生的纸箱边角料，经分类、整理、打包出口。美废标准

PS-1

Mixed

Paper

Consists

of

a

mixture

of

various

qualities

of

paper

not

limited

as

to

type

of

packing

or

fiber

content.

Prohibitive

materials

may

not

exceed

2%

，Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed

10%

1

废杂纸

由不同质量的废纸混合组成，不受包装方式或纤维组成的限制，杂物不得超过2%

，不合格废纸总量不得超过10%。

PS-2

Grade

Not

Currently

In

Use

2

此类废纸目前不见使用

PS-3

Super

Mixed

Paper

Consists

of

a

baled

clean,sorted

mixture

of

various

qualities

of

papers

containing

less

than

10%

of

groundwood

stock,

coated

or

uncoated.

Prohibitive

materials

may

not

exceed

1/2

of

1%

，Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed

3%

3

高级废杂纸

由经过拣选的不同质量的废纸混合组成，打包供货。此类废纸（涂布或未经涂布）的磨木浆含量不得超过10%。杂物不得超过0.5%,不合格废纸总量不得超过3%

。

PS-4

BOX

BOARD

CUTTINGS

Consists

of

baled

new

cuttings

of

paperboard

used

in

the

manufacture

of

folding

paper

cartons,

set-up

boxes

and

similar

boxboard

products.

Prohibitive

materials

may

not

exceed

1%，Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:

2%

4

制盒纸板边角料

在制造折叠纸盒，装配纸箱和其它同一类型的纸板制品过程中的新边角料，打包供货。杂物不得超过0.5%

。不合格废纸总量不得超过2%。

PS-5

MILL

WRAPPERS

Consists

of

baled

paper

used

as

outside

wrap

for

rolls,

bundles

or

skids

of

finished

paper.

Prohibitive

materials

may

not

exceed

1%,Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:

3%

5

工厂包装纸

用于卷筒纸、纸捆、平板纸的外包装的废纸，打包供货。杂物不得超过0.5%

。不合格废纸总量不得超过3%

。

PS-6

NEWS

Consists

of

baled

newspapers

as

typically

generated

from

newsdrives

and

curbside

collections.

Prohibitive

materials

may

not

exceed

1%，Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:5%

6

旧报纸

从报纸收集站收集的废旧报纸，打包供货，

杂物不得超过1%。

不合格废纸总量不得超过5%。

PS-7

SPECIAL

NEWS

Consists

of

baled

sorted,

fresh

newspapers,

not

sunburned,

free

from

paper

other

than

news,

containing

not

more

than

the

normal

percentage

of

rotogravure

and

coloured

sections.

Prohibitive

materials

may

not

exceed:

None

permitted，Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:

0.25%

7

旧报纸（供脱墨用）

经过拣选且不受潮的废旧报纸，打包供货。此类旧报纸既没有受太阳光的曝晒，其凹印和彩印部分不超过正常的数量。可以包括杂志。

不允许混有杂物。

不合格废纸总量不得超过0.25%。

PS-8

SPECIAL

NEWS

DE-INK

QUALITY

Consists

of

baled

sorted,

fresh

newspapers,

not

sunburned,

free

from

magazines,

white

blank,

pressroom

over-issues,

and

paper

other

than

news,

containing

not

more

than

the

normal

percentage

of

rotogravure

and

coloured

sections.

This

grade

must

be

tare-free.

Prohibitive

materials

may

not

exceed:

None

permitted，

Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:

0.25%

8

特级旧报纸（供脱墨用）

经过拣选、不受潮的废旧报纸，打包供货。没有受太阳光的曝晒，不含杂志、空白纸张、印刷厂过期报刊和其它杂废纸，其凹印和彩色部分不应超过正常数量。不得用其它纸张包装。

不允许混有杂物。

不合格废纸总量不得超过0.25%

。

PS-9

OVER-ISSUE

NEWS

Consists

of

unused,

overrun

newspapers

printed

on

newsprint,

baled

or

securely

tied

in

bundles,

containing

not

more

than

the

normal

percentage

of

rotogravure

and

coloured

sections.

Prohibitive

materials

may

not

exceed:

None

permitted，

Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:

None

permitted

9

发行量过剩的报纸

报纸发行量过剩部分，打包供应或扎成捆状供应。凹印和彩印部分不超过正常数量。

不允许有杂物和不合格废纸混入。

PS-10

MAGAZINES

Consists

of

baled

coated

magazines,

catalogues

and

other

similar

printed

materials.

May

contain

a

small

percentage

of

uncoated

news

type

paper.

Prohibitive

materials

may

not

exceed:

1%，Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:

3%

10

杂志

包括涂布的杂志、目录及同类的印刷品。打包供货。允许含有少量未经涂布的报纸。

杂物不得超过1%

。

不合格废纸总量不得超过3%。

PS-11

CORRUGATED

CONTAINERS

Consists

of

baled

corrugated

containers

having

liners

of

either

test

liner,

jute

or

kraft.

Prohibitive

materials

may

not

exceed:

1%，Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:

5%

11

旧瓦楞纸箱

旧瓦楞纸箱，其面层为仿箱板纸浆；麻浆或牛皮木浆、打包供货。

杂物不得超过1%

。

不合格废纸总量不得超过5%

。

PS-12

DOUBLE

SORTED

CORRUGATED

Consists

of

baled,

double

sorted

corrugated

containers,

generated

from

supermarkets

and/or

industrial

and

commercial

facilities,

having

liners

or

test

liner,

jute

or

kraft.

Material

has

been

specially

sorted

to

be

free

of

boxboard,

off-shore

(Asian/European)

corrugated

plastic

and

wax.

Prohibitive

materials

may

not

exceed:

1%，Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:

5%

12

双重拣选的旧瓦楞纸箱

包括从超级市场、工商业地区收集的双重拣选的旧瓦楞纸箱，有仿箱板纸浆、麻浆或牛皮木浆；物料不包括纸板、瓦楞、塑料和蜡，打包供货。

杂物不得超过0.5%

。

不合格废纸总量不得超过2%

。

PS-13

NEW

DOUBLE-LINED

KRAFT

CORRUGATED

CUTTINGS

Consists

of

baled

new

corrugated

cuttings

having

liners

of

either

test

liner,

jute

or

kraft.

Insoluble

adhesives,

butt

rolls,

slabbed

or

hogged

medium,

and

treated

medium

or

liners

are

not

acceptable

in

this

grade.Prohibitive

materials

may

not

exceed:None

permitted，Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:

2%

13

双挂面牛皮瓦楞纸新边角料

瓦楞纸边角料，其挂面层为麻浆或牛皮浆，或仿箱板纸浆，打包供货。不允许有不溶性胶粘剂，变形卷筒纸、凹入或凸出的芯层等混入。其芯层或面层均应未经表面处理。

不允许有杂物混入。

不合格废纸总量不得超过2%

。

PS-14

GRADE

NOT

CURRENTLY

IN

USE

14

此类废纸目前不见使用

PS-15

USED

BROWN

KRAFT

Consists

of

baled

brown

kraft

bags

free

of

objectionable

liners

and

original

contents.Prohibitive

materials:

None

permitted，

Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed

of

1%

15

旧褐色牛皮纸

旧褐色牛皮纸袋，打包供货。没有不适当的衬里，袋里不得装有物品。

不允许混有杂物。

不合格废纸总量不得超过0.5%。

PS-16

MIXED

KRAFT

CUTTINGS

Consists

of

baled

new

brown

kraft

cuttings,

sheets

and

bag

scrap

free

of

stitched

paper.

Prohibitive

materials:

None

permitted，

Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:

1%

16

牛皮纸混合边角料

由褐色牛皮纸新边角料、牛皮纸、纸袋等混合组成，打包供货。纸袋不得带有缝线。

不允许混有杂物。

不合格废纸总量不得超过1%。

PS-17

CARRIER

STOCK

Consists

of

baled

printed

or

unprinted,

unbleached

new

beverage

carrier

sheets

and

cuttings.

May

contain

wet

strength

additives.

Prohibitive

materials:

None

permitted，Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:

1%

17

手提纸袋废料

包括带有印刷油墨，或无印刷油墨的本色饮料纸和其新边角料组成，允许含有湿强添加剂，打包供货。

不允许有杂物混入。

不合格废纸总量不得超过1%

。

PS-18

NEW

COLOURED

KRAFT

Consists

of

baled

new

coloured

kraft

cuttings,

sheets

and

bag

scrap,

free

of

stitched

papers.

Prohibitive

materials:

None

permitted.

Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:

1%

18

新彩色牛皮纸

由彩色牛皮纸及其新边角料和纸袋组成，打包供货。纸张不得带有缝线。

不允许混有杂物。

不合格废纸总量不得超过1%

。

PS-19

GROCERY

BAG

SCRAP

Consists

of

baled,

new

brown

kraft

bag

cuttings,

sheets

and

misprint

bags.

Prohibitive

materials:

None

permitted

，Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:

1%

19

杂货包装袋废料

由褐色牛皮纸袋新边角料、牛皮袋纸、印刷出差错的纸袋组成，打包供货。

不允许混有杂物。

不合格废纸总量不得超过1%

。

PS-20

KRAFT

MULTI-WALL

BAG

SCRAP

Consists

of

new

brown

kraft

multi-wall

bag

cuttings,

sheets

and

misprint

bags,

free

of

stitched

papers.

Prohibitive

materials:

None

permitted，Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:

1%

20

多层牛皮纸袋废料

由新的多层褐色牛皮纸袋新边角料和袋纸组成，包括印刷出差错的纸袋。纸张不得带有缝线。

不允许混有杂物。

不合格废纸总量不得超过1%

。

PS-21

NEW

BROWN

KRAFT

ENVELOPE

CUTTINGS

Consists

of

baled

new

unprinted

brown

kraft

envelopes,

cuttings

or

sheets.

Prohibitive

materials:

None

permitted，Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:

1%

21

褐色牛皮信封新边角料

由褐色牛皮信封、信封新边角料和信封纸组成，不带印刷油墨。打包供货。

不允许混有杂物。

不合格废纸总量不得超过1%

。

PS-22

MIXED

GROUNDWOOD

SHAVINGS

Consists

of

baled

trim

of

magazines,

catalogues

and

similar

printed

matter,

not

limited

with

respect

to

groundwood

or

coated

stock

and

may

contain

the

bleed

of

cover

and

insert

stock

as

well

as

beater-dyed

paper

and

solid

colour

printing.

Prohibitive

materials:

None

permitted，Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:

2%

22

含磨木浆的混合废纸边

杂志、目录本和同类印刷品的切边，打包供货。可以含有磨木浆，也可以是涂布加工的。允许掺有带印刷油墨的封面和插页，也可以掺有色纸以及经过深色印刷的纸张。

不允许混有杂物。

不合格废纸总量不得超过2%

。

PS-23

TELEPHONE

DIRECTORIES

Consists

of

clean

telephone

directories

printed

for

or

by

telephone

directory

publishers.

Prohibitive

materials:

None

permitted，Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:

0.5%

23

废电话簿

由电话簿印刷商所提供的干净的电话簿。

不允许混有杂物。

不合格废纸总量不得超过0.5%

。

PS-24

WHITE

BLANK

NEWS

Consists

of

baled

unprinted

cuttings

and

sheets

of

white

newsprint

paper

or

other

uncoated

white

groundwood

paper

of

similar

quality.

Prohibitive

materials:

None

permitted。Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:

1%

24

空白报纸

不带印刷油墨的白报纸和含有白色磨木浆的其它纸张及其边角料，打包供货。不得掺有涂布纸。

不允许混有杂物。

不合格废纸总量不得超过1%

。

PS-25

GROUNDWOOD

COMPUTER

PRINTOUT

Consists

of

groundwood

papers

which

are

used

in

forms

manufactured

for

use

in

data

processing

machines.

This

grade

may

contain

coloured

stripes

and

impact

or

non

impact

computer

printing.

Prohibitive

materials:

None

permitted。Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:

2%

25

含磨木浆的计算机用纸

用于数据处理机含有磨木浆的表格纸，允许含有彩色条纹，通过接触打印或非接触打印（如激光打印）的计算机用纸。不允许混有杂物。不合格废纸总良不得超过2%

PS-26

PUBLICATION

BLANKS

Consists

of

baled

unprinted

cuttings

or

sheets

of

white

coated

or

filled

white

groundwood

content

paper.

Prohibitive

materials:

None

permitted。Total

Outthrows

may

not

exceed:

1%

26

空白刊物用纸

含有白色磨木浆、加填或涂布的纸张或其边角料。不带印刷油墨。打包供货。不允许混有杂物。不合格废纸总良不得超过1%

PS-27

FLYLEAF

SHAVINGS

Consists

of

baled

trim

of

magazines,

catalogues

and

similar