2021届高考英语阅读理解题型精准练-词义猜测题

2021届高考英语阅读理解题型精准练—词义猜测题

Whilesomefarmersarequicktotellvisitorstogetofftheirland,DavidWalstonisdoingthe

opposite.Hehasdonatedlandonhisfamilyfarmtocreatetwolargecommunityvegetable

gardensandinvitedsurroundingvillagestogetinvolved.

UIthoughtthethingIcandofairlyuniquelyisprovidethelandandmachinerytotrytomake

people'slivesbetterduringthelockdown".MrWalston.37.whorunsThriplowFarms,southof

Cambridge,said.nTheenthusiasmhassurprisedmealot,with114peoplefromfivevillages

signingup.”

ThetwohOOOsqmareaswillbeopenforanyonetohelpwithanyjobthatneedsdoing.A

widerangeofvegetableswillbegrown,includingpeas,broccoli,sweetcorn,squash,potatoesand

leeks,InMrWalston'sscheme,whichhehascalledCoveg,peoplecandoasmuchoraslittleas

theylikeandtheproducewillbeshared,andanysurplusgiventotheelderlyandNHSworkers.

Noneoftheproducewillbesoldanddistributionwillbeonlylooselylinkedtotheamountof

workdone.

Heislendinghismachineryfbrthebackbreakingwork.Farmsuppliersaresupportingthe

project,withKingsSeedsandTozerdonatingseedsandHowsemanAgricultureofferingirrigation

equipment.

ClaireMackenzie,47,adoctorfromBarrington,hasagreedtobringseedsintheirown

gardenstothecommunityplots.SheseesCovegasawayofconnectinglocalpeopletothe

countrysidethatsurroundsthem.uWeliveinanarableareabutweoftendonotknowourfarmers.

Thisisabrilliantwayofpullingpeopletogether/'shesaid.Shehopestogethertwoteenagesons

involved.

MrWalston*sideahasalreadyuromptedthreelocalfarmerswhoalsowanttodonate

parcelsoftheirlandtocontacthim.Theyhaveacorneroflandthatwouldbesuitableand

machinerythatwouldtakethebackbreakingworkoutofpreparation.Theycan'twaittooffer.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"prompted"inParagraph6?

A.inspired.B.discouraged.C.threatened.D.persuaded.

TheSupremeCourt'sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplications

forhowmedicineseedstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.

Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourt

ineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffects”,acenturies-oldmoralprinciple

holdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects----agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatis

foreseen-ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.

Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphineto

controlterminallyillpatients5pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthe

patient.

NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewillshield

doctorswho"untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatients

sufficientmedicationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath.n

GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,as

longasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothing

illegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.nIfslikesurgery,nhesays."Wedon*tcall

thosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn*tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyrisked

theirdeath.Ifyou'reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient'ssuicideaslongasyoudon'tintend

theirsuicide."

Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicide

debatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolonged

thephysicalagony(痛苦)ofdying.

JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt'srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNational

AcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareat

theEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof"ineffectualand

forcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying*'asthetwin

problemsofend-of-lifecare.

Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospices,totest

knowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodefor

hospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.

Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedical

initiativestranslateintobettercare."Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepain

theirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering,totheextentthatitconstitutes"systematic

patientabuse."Hesaysmedicallicensingboards“mustmakeitclear...thatpainfuldeathsare

presumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension（暂

停”‘

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword"aggressive"（line3,paragraph7）?

A.Bold.B.Harmful.C.Careless.D.Desperate.

Morethan£5,500hasbeenraisedafteraplea（请愿）lastMondaybyavetDrScottMiller.

Scottsaid:"Iwouldliketosayamassivethank-youtoExpressreadersfrommyself,from

Australiaandfromthekoalas.Ifsamazingthatpeoplefromacrosstheworldcanseehow

significantthecatastrophehasbeen.Idoappreciatethatpeoplearebeingverysupportiveand

reachingintotheirpockets.^^Anarea,athirdofthesizeofBritainisestimatedtohavebeen

ravaged（毁坏）sincetheblazes（火灾）beganinSeptember.

OnFridayastateofemergencywasdeclaredinthecapitalCanberra,withresidentstoldto

preparetoevacuateasfiresontheoutskirts（市交B）threatenedtospread.Abillionanimalsare

fearedtohavedied,including25,000koalas.

LastweekScotttoldhowhehadvisitedhishomeland,helpingtosavewildlifeonKangaroo

IslandoffthecoastofAdelaide.Whilethereherescuedamotherandababykoalawhowere

stuckinatree.Thepairwererushedtoafieldhospitalontheislandtobetreated.Themumhad

severeburnstoherpawsandwasbadlydehydrated（脱水的）,whileherbabysonhadaneyeinjury

andwasunderweight.

Scott,whohasappearedonITV'sThisMorningandBBC'sBluePeter,saidthemotheris

showing"greatsignsofimprovement“andherwoundsarestartingtoheal.Thebabyhas

undergonesurgerytohiseyeandis^recoveringfromtheanesthetic（麻药）anddoingwell”.

Butheadded:"Themotherremainsdehydratedsoisn'tproducingenoughmilktofeedthe

baby.Atthemomentthey'rebeinghousedseverallybutthereisthehopethatwhenthebabyisa

littlestrongerhewillbeabletobereturnedtohismother.^^

Evenaftertheyrecover,thepairwillprobablyspendtheirlivesinanenclosurewhilethe

bushtakesyearstorecover.Scottsaid:"Sadlypatientsarestillcominginthickandfast.Eachof

theseanimalsisrequiringtobehousedandfed,andregularmedicaltreatmenttotheirinjuries.^^

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph5probablymean?

A.SeparatelyB.SeriouslyC.SuccessfullyD.Sympathetically

LONDON-Togetamobilephoneasagiftfor14thbirthday,Lucydeclaredtoherparents

thateveryoneelsehasone.Herparentsgavein.

Curioustoknowhowherdaughterwouldusethephone,JaneBidder,themother,followed

Lucytotheschoolbusinthemorning.Thebusseats20,ofwhomhalfhaveamobilephone.One

ringsandseveraladolescentownersfumblewith（笨拙地抚弄）theirbags.Manyparentshavejust

cometorealizethatthemobilephoneisnolongerfortravelingbusinessmen-itisaslikelytobe

foundinschoolbags.

Themobilephoneseemstohavebecomesomethingessential（必需品）fortoday'steensin

Britain,accordingtoasurveypublishedlastweek,byNOP,aleadingmarketresearchcompanyin

Britain.Researchfoundthat66percentof16-year-oldsnowhaveaccesstoamobilephone.

Themobilephonehasbeenturnedintoasecretmessagingservicebyteenusers.Whenthey

aretalkingonthemobile,theirparentsarenotabletoeavesdroponthesecondline.

Theinterviewwith2,019youngpeopleaged7to16foundthattheyfavorthetext

messagingservicebecausetheyofferasecretwayofkeepingintouch.Thedaysofsecretnotesin

theclassroomaredyingout.

Forexample,<tcuF,meanst6seeyoulater";"lol"means“laughoutloud';and"2nite“isthe

abbreviationof“tonight”.AllthesearebasedonshorthandphrasesontheIntemet.

Manyschoolshavebannedstudentsusingmobilephones.Buttheyarenotverysuccessful.

Stillphonesringintheclassanddisturbstudy.Besides,peopleareworriedaboutthehealthriskto

kidsusingmobilephones.

Scientistsbelievechildrenareespeciallyvulnerable（易受伤的）mobileradiation（辐射）.

3.Theunderlinedword"eavesdrop"means.

A.joininactivelyB.interruptrudely

C.listensecretlyD.watchcarefully

ChineseCultureShowntotheWorldwithLove

LiZiqi,ashortvideobloggerspecializingintraditionalChinesecookingandhandicrafts,

hasgainedworldwidepopularity.

Lihasabout20millionfollowersonSinaWeibo,China'sequivalenttoTwitter,plus7

millionfollowersonoverseassocialmedianetworks.Manyforeignerssaytheyhavegottoknow

traditionalChinesefoodcultureviaherchannel.

Itisthespiritofcraftsmanship（技艺）behindherworksthatmakesLi'svideoclips

attractive.Shestrictlyfollowstheauthentictraditionalstepsandproceduresinmakingtraditional

Chinesefoodandhandicrafts,suchaspeachflowerwineandsilk,andgoestogreatlengthsto

ensurehervideosareaccurate.Sometimesshespendsseveralmonthsproducingoneofhervideos.

Lihasbeeninheriting（继承）traditionalChinesecultureinarathercreativeway.Acloser

lookathervideoswillshowthattheyareneverwithany“analysis“thatmakespeoplefeelbored.

TheyjustshowaudienceseachandeverydetailoftraditionalChineseculturesothatthelatter

knowshowChineselivetheirbeautifulandelegantlives.Itisthatuniversalappealthatmakesher

workssoattractive.ThankstoLi'sefforts,manyintangibleculturalheritagesthatonlyexistedin

memoriesandwrittenrecordsnowappearbeforeoureyes.Viahershortvideos,Lipresentsthe

imageofabeautifulandfriendlyChina.

WiththegrowthoftheChineseeconomy,peopleoverseasareshowingmoreinterestin

traditionalChineseculture.Lihasshownhowtosatisfythatinterestinagoodway,namely

showingthebestpartsoftraditionalChineseculturewithherheart.

ToeffectivelypresentthebeautyofChineseculturetotheworld,weneedmoreLiZiqi.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"intangible“inParagraph4mean?

A.nonphysicalB.inaccessibleC.invaluableD.unnoticeable

WhenLaurenMarlerbeganhavingdisturbingsymptomsattheageof15,shesomehow

knewitwascancer.Aftersomeresearch,sherealizedshewasright.Butthatwasjustthe

beginningofherhorrificcancerjourney.Marler'sdoctorsdiscoveredthatwhatshehadwastruly

unlucky-butshe*sstillheretotellhertale.

In2005,Marlernoticedbloodinherstool;shewastooembarrassedtotellanyone.Fortwo

yearsshekeptsilent.tuIlookedupmysymptomsandknewIhadallthesignsfbrcoloncancer,“

shesays."However,mymomthoughtIwasoverreacting.^^Eventually,thedoctorshevisited

confirmedshehadacoloncancerattheageof17.

“ThedoctorsaidthatIneededtogettotheUniversityofTexasMDAndersonCancerCentre

immediately,Marlerrecalls.ThereshemetwithMiguelRodriguez-Bigas,whoremovedMarler's

entirecolonandalmostallofherrectum（直肠）.

Butjustninemonthslater,thecancerreturned."Whenmymomtoldme,Ijustfeltlike,

‘You'vegottobekiddingme.IjustwanttobeanormalAfteranothersurgery,threemonths

ofchemotherapy（化疗）,Marlerbelievedthathercancerbattleshadtobeover.

Then,duringaroutinescantoensurethatshewasstillinremission（重病的缓解期）five

yearslater,23-year-oldMarlergotacall."Thedoctorcalledtotellmethatthescanshowedaspot

inmyuterus（子宫）anditwasendometrialcancer,anaggressiveone.WewentbacktoMD

AndersontomeetwithPedroT.Ramirez,whorecommendedafullhysterectomy（子宫切除）

PuzzledbyMarler'shistory,Dr.Rodriguez­Bigasrecommendedthatshegetgenetic

testing.Thetestingrevealedthebadnews:MarlerhadanincrediblyraredisordercalledCMMRD.

Dr.Rodriguez­Bigasexplainedthatthedisordermakesapersonlikelytosufferfrom

differentcancers.Thereisnotreatmentforthedisorder,onlypreventivecare—primarilyregular

scanstocatchanydevelopingcancersearly.Armedwithananswerforthegriefandsufferingshe

hadenduredfbrthepastdecadeofherlife,Marleractuallyfeltasenseofrelief.tuIfsheartbreaking,

butatleastIhaveananswer.”

Threeyearslater,Marlerwasunabletoshakewhatshethoughtwassinusin佗ction（鼻窦感

染）.Marler'smotherknewsomethingwasn'trightwhenMarlerrefusedtogobacktothehospital

becauseofthelevelofpainshefelt.

Onthistriptothehospital,Marlerwasadmittedandscanned.UIcouldn'tbelieveitwas

happeningagain.Themedicaltestshowedthatitwaslymphoma（淋巴）曹）,oneofthehardesttypes

totreat.ThedoctorstoldmethetreatmentwasgoingtobesopainfulthatIwouldhatethemby

thetimeitwasover.Theywereright.,,Marlerenduredsixdifferenttypesofchemotherapyatthe

sametime,oneofwhichwasdeliveredthroughherspinalcord.Shewasrequiredtobeadmittedto

thehospitaleveryotherweekforsixdays.wassoweakthatIcouldn*tgetoffmycouch.Ilost

allofmyhair,andIhadseverebodyaches,"sherecalls.

Today,at28,Marlerisonceagaininremission—somethingshedefinitelydoesn'ttakefor

granted.Shecreditsherfamilyforherabilitytoendureherrepeatedbattleswithasmile.Shesays,

“Ilaughalot.That*sonethingmyfamilydoesreallywell—wecanfindthehumourinany

situation.Tvealwaysfoundawaytolaugh.Idoworryaboutwhat'snext,butIcan'tletitconsume

me.Fvelearnedtolivewithit.”

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aggressive"mean?

A.Beinglikelytospreadquickly.B.Makingoneselfreadytoattack.

C.Requiringchemotherapytocureit.D.Actingwithdeterminationtosucceed.

Drivingwhiletalkingonthephoneincreasesthelikelihoodofanaccidentandisactually

moredangerousthandrivingdrunk,U.S.researchersreport.Thisholdstruewhetherthedriveris

holdingacellphoneorusingahands-freedevice.

“Asasociety,wehaveagreedonnottoleratingtheriskassociatedwithdrunkdriving,"said

researcherFrankDrews,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofUtah.

“Thisstudyshowsusthatsomebodywhoisconversingonacellphoneisexposinghimorherself

andotherstoasimilarrisk—cellphonesactuallyareahigherrisk,^^hesaid.

Inthestudy,40peoplefollowedapacecaralongaprescribedcourse,usingadriving

simulator（模拟仪）.Somepeopledrovewhiletalkingonacellphone,othersdrovewhile

drunk（meaningtheirblood-alcohollimitmatchedthelegallimitof0.08percent）,andothersdrove

withnosuchdistractions.Theresearchersfoundanincreasedaccidentratewhenpeoplewere

conversingonthecellphone.Driversoncellphoneswere5.36timesmorelikelytogetinan

accident.

Thebottomline:Cell-phoneusewaslinkedto“asignificantincreaseintheaccidentrate,“

Drewssaid.

Thephoneusersdidevenworsethantheinebriated,theUtahteamfound.Therewerethree

accidentsamongthosetalkingoncellphones—alloftheminvolvingarear-ending（追尾）ofthe

pacecar.Incontrast,therewerenoaccidentsrecordedamongparticipantswhoweredrunk.

Inresponsetosafetyconcerns,somestateshavedeclareditillegaltousehand-held

cellphoneswhiledriving.Butthattypeoflawmaynotbeeffective,becausetheUtah

researchersfoundnodifferenceindriverperformancewhetherthedriverwasholdingthephoneor

talkingonahands-freemodel.

“Wehaveseenagainandagainthatthereisnodifferencebetweenhands-freeandhand­

helddevices,,,Drewssaid.4€Theproblemistheconversation.Thebestsolutiontotheproblem

isobvious:Don'ttalkonthephonewhileyouaredriving.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"theinebriated^^inparagraph5referto?

A.Thedrunkdrivers.B.Theresearchers.

C.Thecell-phone-freedrivers.D.TheUtahteam.

Doesitmatterifalanguagediesout?Thetraditionalanswerisyes,becauseeverylanguage

isarepository（智囊）ofideasandcultureandrepresentsauniquewayoflookingattheworld.The

planetonlyhasabout7,000languages;theextinctionofevenonedecreasesthesumtotalof

humanknowledge.

Butinsomecases,extinctioncanbeseeninamorepositivelight.TakeAl-SayyidBedouin

SignLanguage（ABSL）forexample,restrictedtoabout1,000usersinasmallIsraelivillagewitha

highlevelofborndeafness,thelanguageseemstobeboundtodiebythespreadofIsraelisign

language.

ThenaturalreactiontothelossofABSLisregret.Itisafascinatinglanguagethathaskept

linguistsbusysinceitcametotheirattentionaround15yearsago.Butforthedeafvillagers,

Israelisignlanguageisanuparade:itallowsthemtospeaktotensofthousandsofpeoplerather

thanafewhundred,andenablesthemtoworkandmarryoutsidethevillage.Itishardtoseethat

asanythingotherthanprogress.Similarly,otherendangeredlanguagesdieoutbecausepeople

abandontheminfavorofonesthatservetheirneedsbetter.

Technologyalsosoftenstheblow,asendangeredlanguagescannowbecapturedindetail-

whichalsomeanstheycouldeventuallybebroughtbackfromthedead,muchastheHebrew

languagewasinthe19thcentury.Itisnowthefirstlanguageof9millionpeople.

Linguistsnaturallycondemnthelossoflanguagemuchasconservationists（环保主义

者）oncemournedthelossofeverysinglespecies.Buttheyaremovingtowardsacceptancethat