北京人大附中英语阅读理解选编（4）及答案

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精2015北京人大附中英语阅读理解一轮选编（4）及答案（精品）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A，B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项.Ihavebeenconsistentlyopposedtofeedingababyregularly.Asadoctor,motherandscientistinchilddevelopmentIbelievethereisnothingtorecommendit,fromthebaby’spointofview.Mothers,doctorsandnursesalikehavenoideaofwhereababy’sbloodsugarlevellies。Allweknowisthatalowlevelisharmfultobraindevelopmentandmakesababyeasilyannoyed.Inthisstate，thebabyisdifficulttocalmdownandsleepisimpossible。Thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth.Itisnotjustunkindbutalsodangeroustosayafour-hourlyfeedingschedulewillmakeababysatisfied.Thefirstoftheexpertstoadvocateastrictclock—watchingschedulewasDrFredericTrubyKingwhowasagainstfeedinginthenight。I’veneverheardanythingsoridiculous.Babyfeedingshouldn’tfollowatimetablesetbythemum.Whatisimportantisfeedingababyinthebestway，thoughitmaycausesomeinconvenienceinthefirstfewweeks。Well，atlastwehavecopper-bottomedresearchthatsupportsdemandfeedingandpointsouttheweaknessesofstrictlytimedfeeding。Theresearchfindsoutthatbabieswhoarefedondemanddobetteratschoolatage5,7,11and14,thanbabiesfedaccordingtotheclock.Bytheageof8,theirIQ(智商)scoresarefourtofivepercenthigherthanbabiesfedbyarigidtimetable.ThisresearchcomesfromOxfordandEssexUniversityusingasample(样本）of10,419childrenbornintheearly1990s，takingaccountofparentaleducation,familyincome,achild’ssexandage,themother’shealthandfeedingstyle。Theseresultsdon’tsurpriseme。Feedingaccordingtoschedulerunstheriskofharmingtherapidlygrowingbrainbytakingnoaccountofsinkingbloodsugarlevels.Ihopethisresearchwillputanendtoadvocatingstrictlytimedbabyfeedingpractices.1.AccordingtoParagraph2,onereasonwhyababycriesisthatitfeels。A.sickB。upsetC.sleepyD。hungry2.WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutDrKing？A.Heisstrict.B.Heisunkind.C.Hehasthewrongidea。D.Hesetsatimetableformothers。3.Thewordcopper-bottomedinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto。A.basicB.reliableC.surprisingD.interesting4。Whatdoestheresearchtellusaboutfeedingababyondemand？A。Thebabywillsleepwell。B。Thebabywillhaveitsbrainharmed.C。Thebabywillhavealowbloodsugarlevel.D。Thebabywillgrowtobewiserbytheageof8.5。Theauthorsupportsfeedingthebaby。A.inthenightB.everyfourhoursC。wheneveritwantsfoodD.accordingtoitsbloodsugarlevel【参考答案】1-4、DCBDC阅读理解---———--(2011·北京卷）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B，C或D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AstherailroadsandthehighwaysshapedtheAmericanWestinthepastcenturies,anewelectricalgenerating(发电）andtransmission（输送)systemforthe21stcenturywillleavealastingmarkontheWest，forbetterorworse.Muchoftherealsignificanceofrailroadsandhighwaysisnotintheirdirectphysicaleffectonthescenery，butinthewaysthattheyaffectthesurroundingcommunity.Thesameistrueofbigsolarplantsandthepowerlinesthatwillbelaiddowntomoveelectricityaround。The19thcenturysawlandgrants（政府拨地)offeredtorailroadcompaniestobuildthetranscontinentalrailroads,leavingpubliclandinbetweenprivatelyownedland。Inmuchofthewest,someoftherailroadsectionsweredevelopedwhileothersremainedundeveloped，andinbothcasesthelandownershiphaspresenteduniquechallengestolandmanagement.Withthecompletionoftheinterstatehighwaysystem,manyofthesmalltownswhichsprangupasrailwaystopsanddevelopedwell,havelosttheirlifebloodanddied.BigsolarplantsandtheirpowerlineswillalsohaveeffectsfarbeyondtheirdirectfootprintintheWest.Thisisnotanargumentagainstbuildingthem。Weneedalternativeenergybadly，andtoreallytakeadvantageofitweneedtobeabletomoveelectricityaroundfarmorereadilythanwecannow.Sotrade­offswillhavetobemade.Somescenicsportswillbesacrificed.Somespecies(物种）willbeforcedtomove，orwillbecarefullymovedtospecialaccommodations。Dealswillbestrucktoreducetheimmediateeffects。Thelastingeffectsofthesetrade。offsareanothermatter.The21stcenturydevelopmentoftheAmericanWestasanidealplaceforalternativeenergyisgoingtothrowoffalotofpowerandmoneyintheregion.Therearechancesforthatpowerandmoneytodoalotofgood。Butitisjustaslikelythattheywillbespentwastefullyandwillleavenewproblemsbehind，justliketherailroadsandthehighways.Themoneysetasideinnegotiatedtrade.offsandtheinstitutionthatcontrolitwillshapetheWestfarbeyondtheimmediatefootprintofpowerplantsandtransmissionlines。Solet’sremembertheeffectsoftherailroadsandthehighwaysasweconstructthesenewpowerplantsintheWest.本文是一篇说明文。19世纪，美国政府拨款修建铁路和公路,这既带来了好处，也带来了一些不利。现在21世纪,一种新型的电力系统会给美国带来好处还是坏处，这是值得考虑的一个问题。在建这种新型的电力系统时，我们要记住铁路和公路的影响。1．Whatwastheproblemcausedbytheconstructionoftherailways？A。Smalltownsalongtherailwaysbecameabandoned。B.Somerailroadstopsremainedunderused。C。LandintheWestwashardtomanage.D.Landgrantswentintoprivatehands。答案：C.细节理解题。根据第二段的“...andinbothcasesthelandownershiphaspresenteduniquechallengestolandmanagement.”可知，建铁路导致的问题是“土地所有权给土地管理带来了挑战”。A项是修建公路的影响；B项说一些铁路站一直未被充分利用,是错误的；D项原文未说。2．Whatisthemajorconcerninthedevelopmentofalternativeenergyaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs？A.Thetransmissionofpower. B.Theuseofmoneyandpower。C。Theconservationofsolarenergy. D.Theselectionofanidealplace.答案:B。推理判断题。细读最后两段可知，对于可替代能源的发展主要的担忧是钱和力，钱和力可能带来一些好处，有可能被浪费掉，并且带来一些其他的问题。3．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsbuildingsolarplants?A。Cautious. B.Approving. C。Doubtful。 D。Disapproving。答案：A.推理判断题。根据全文以及文章的最后一句话“Solet'sremembertheeffectsoftherailroadsandthehighroadsasweconstructthesenewpowerplantsintheWest.”可知,对正在建立新的电力系统是比较谨慎的.4．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A。HowtheRailwaysHaveAffectedtheWestB.HowSolarEnergyCouldReshapetheWestC。HowtheEffectsofPowerPlantsCanBeReducedD.HowtheProblemsoftheHighwaysHaveBeenSettled答案：B。主旨大意题。文章借助于铁路和公路对美国的影响，要说明的是太阳能这种新的电力系统对美国西部地区会有什么的影响。较难题目特训:科普知识类阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B，C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Astronautsonshortershuttlemissions(使命）oftenworkverylongdays。Tasksarescheduledsotightlythatbreaktimesareoftenusedtofinishtheday'swork.ThistypeofscheduleisfartoodemandingforlongmissionsontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleastaquarterofayear。TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible。Weekendsgivethecrewvaluabletimetorestanddoafewhoursofhousework.Theycancommunicatewithfamilyandfriendsbyemail,internetphoneandthroughprivatevideoconferences.Whileastronautscannotgotoabaseballgameoramovieinorbit，therearemanyfamiliaractivitiesthattheycanstillenjoy.Beforeamission，thefamilyandfriendsofeachISScrewmemberputtogetheracollectionoffamilyphotos,messages，videosandreadingmaterialfortheastronautstolookatwhentheywillbefloating370kilometersabovetheEarth.Duringtheirmission，thecrewalsoreceivescarepackageswithCDs，books，magazines，photosandletters。Andasfromearly2010,theinternetbecameavailableontheISS,givingastronautsthechancetodosome“websurfing(冲浪)"intheirpersonaltime.Besidesrelaxingwiththesemorecommonentertainments，astronautscansimplyenjoytheexperienceoflivinginspace.ManyastronautssaythatoneofthemostrelaxingthingstodoinspaceistolookoutthewindowandstareattheuniverseandtheEarth。BoththeshuttleandtheISScircletheplanetseveraltimeseachday,andeverymomentoffersanewviewoftheEarth'svastlandmassandoceans.1。Whatdoestheword“mimic”inParagraph1probablymean？A.Find。B。Copy.C。Change。D。Lose。2.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefamiliesoftheastronautsontheISS？A.Theyarecaringandthoughtful。B.Theyareworriedandupset。C。Theyareimpatientandannoyed.D.Theyareexcitedandcurious。3.Inthefinalparagraph，theauthorshowsthatastronauts。A。getmorepleasureinspacethanontheEarthB.findlivinginspaceabitboringandtiringC。regardspacelifeascommonD。lovetoseetheEarthfromspace4.Thepassagemainlydiscusseshowastronauts。A.workforlongermissionsinspaceB。connectwithpeopleontheEarthC.observetheEarthfromspaceD.spendtheirfreetimeinspace【参考答案】1—4、BADD阅读理解-——-—【2012·重庆卷】阅读下列四篇短文,从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Toplistsarelecturingpeopleoneverythingfrom“100placestovisit"to“100bookstoread”。Aren'tyoujusttiredofbeingtoldwhattodowithyourtime?Nowyouhavealisttoendalllists!Takealookatthefollowingtwoexamplesfromthelistof“101thingsnottodo”：SwimwithDolphins(海豚）?Swimmingwithdolphinsisoneoftheworld'smostprofitabletouristactivities.However,noteverydolphinwillwelcomehavingtheirbusy,tiringdayinterruptedbytouristsscreamingandpushingaroundtheminthewater.Worseyet,whendolphinsgettooneartotheboatsloadedwithtourists，theycouldgetcaughtupinropesandkilledbypropellers（螺旋桨)．Here'salittlesecret。Dolphinslooklikesmilingatyou,butactuallythey'rejustopeningtheirmouths.GotoSeetheMonaLisa？Theremustbesomethingaboutthemysterious(神秘的）smile。The6millionpeoplewhovisittheladyintheLouvreeveryyearcan'tallbewrong,afterall。Buttheycanbequiteannoying，standinginfrontofyou；holdinguptheircamerastopreventyoufromseeinganything。Infact，itishardforyoutoseethepaintingclearlybecauseyouhavetostayawayfromitforsecurityreasons.Afterqueuingforhours,manytouristscanremaininfrontofthepaintingonlyfor15secondsatmost.Ifthemysteriousladyinthepictureknewherfate,shewouldn'tjustbesmiling，she’dbelaughing.So，stilllongtoseetheMonaLisa?Ifyouwanttofindoutmoreaboutthelist，read101ThingsNOTtoDoBeforeYouDie.Visitwww.not2dobeforeidie。co.ukandbuythebookata20％discount。1.Accordingtothepassage，swimmingwithdolphins________.A.istheworld'smostpopulartouristactivityB。givesfuntobothtouristsanddolphinsC。willmaketouristsbusyandtiredD.cancausedangertodolphins2.WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutgoingtoseeMonaLisa?A。Itiswrongtogoandseethemysterioussmile。B。Itisnotassatisfyingasexpected。C.Fifteensecondsinfrontofthepaintingisenough.D.Queuingforhoursisworthwhile.3。Thelistof“101thingsnottodo”ismademostprobablybecauseitsauthor________.A.thinksitboringtodothethingssuggestedbyotherlistsB。believesotherlistsarenothumorousenoughC.intendstopersuadepeopletoreadmorelistsD．wantstoprovidealistdifferentfromotherlists4。Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A。Toadvertiseabook。B.Tointroduceawebsite。C。Tocommentonpopularlists。D.Torecommendtouristactivities.【要点综述】该篇短文前面否定“100liststodo"的种种弊端，最后推出自己的101ThingsNOTtoDoBeforeYouDie，很明显是一则常见的广告。1。D细节理解题。从SwimwithDolphins下面材料中的第一段最后一句可知和海豚一起游泳会给海豚带来危险。2。B细节理解题。在GotoSeetheMonaLisa的材料中,作者反复论证了gotoseetheMonaLisa的诸多弊端,每年大量的游客前往参观，个人不可能有预想的观赏效果。3.D推理判断题。该文采取先抑后扬的写作技巧，其目的是要提出不同的观点。4.A写作意图题。该篇材料最后点出写作目的，即为101ThingsNOTtoDoBeforeYouDie打广告.较难题目特训:科普知识类（2012上海市浦东新区高三第三次模拟）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A，B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AnewargumenthasbeenputforwardastowhetherpenguinsaredisturbedbythepresenceoftouristsinAntarctica。PreviousresearchbyscientistsfromKeilUniversityinGermanymonitoredAdeliepenguinsandnotedthatthebirds’heartratesincreaseddramaticallyatthesightofahumanasfaras30metersaway。Butnewresearchusinganartificialegg,whichisequippedtomeasureheartrates,disputesthis。ScientistsfromtheScottPolarResearchInstituteatCambridgesaythataslowmovinghumanwhodoesnotapproachthenesttooclosely,isnotviewedasathreatbypenguins。Theearlierfindingshavebeenusedtopartlyexplainthe20percentdropinpopulationsofcertaintypesofpenguinsneartouristsites.However,touroperatorshavecontinuedtoinsistthattheiractivitiesdonotadverselyaffectwildlifeinAntarctica，sayingtheyencouragenon-disruptivebehaviorintourists，andthatthedeclineinpenguinnumbersiscausedbyotherfactors.AmandaNimonoftheScottPolarResearchInstitutespentthreesouthernhemispheresummersatCuvervilleIslandinAntarcticastudyingpenguinbehaviortowardshumans.“Anestingpenguinwillreactverydifferentlytoapersonrapidlyandcloselyapproachingthenest，"saysNimon。“Firsttheyexhibitlargeandprolongedheartratechangesandthentheyoftenfleethenestleavingitopenforpredators（掠夺者)toflyinandremoveeggsorchicks.”Theartificialegg，speciallyfortheproject,monitoredboththeparentwhohadbeen‘distur