河南省周口恒大中学2023-2024学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题

周口恒大中学2023-2024学年高二上学期10月考试英语试题考试时间：120分钟；满分：120分注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I卷（选择题）第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、CD四个选项中选出最佳选项。AShapeShapeisamagazineforAmericanwomenwithactivelifestyles.Thiswomen’shealthmagazinecoverseverythingfromdietandexercisetopsychology.WhatisgreataboutShapeisthatitknowsthatitmustcoveralotmorethanFitnesstogivewomenalltheinformationtheyneedtostayhealthy.Besidesallthegreatfeaturesincludedintheprintmagazine,italsohasaneasilyaccessiblewebsitethatanyonecanuse.Woman’sDayWoman’sDaynotonlyisspecificallyawomen’shealthmagazine,butalsoincludesalittleofwhatShapehas,alongwithmoreinformationonotherpartsoflife:family,money,travelandstyle.ManyofthearticlesinWoman’sDaydealwithspecificdiseasesthatarecommontowomen,suchasheartdisease,breastcancerandothers.Women’sHealthFromtipstorecenthealthnewstoarticlesaboutworldaffairs,Women’sHealthhaseverythingthatyouexpectinawomen’shealthmagazine.AnothergreatfeatureisthatWomen’sHealthhasagreatwebsitefullofinformation,aswellasarticlesfrompastmagazinesthatyoucancheckout.Thisisagreatresource,sinceitletsyougettoseearticleswellattheoffice.FitnessThismagazinecoversimportanttopicssuchasphysicalfitness,health&beauty,andmentalhealth.Itofferssomethingnewineachissue,andit’salwayseasytounderstand.Theworkouts（锻炼）areclearlypresentedwithgoodphotostoillustrateeverymovement，andalmostallcanbedonewithoutmakingatriptothegym.1．HowisWoman’sDaydifferentfromtheothers?A．Itgivespeoplealotofhealthinformation.B．Ithasawebsitefullofinformation.C．Itincludesmanyarticlesaboutexercisetips.D．Itdealswithmanytopicsaboutlife.2．WhatmakestheworkoutsinFitnesseasytounderstand?A．Goodexamples. B．Illustrativepictures.C．Interestingstories. D．Importanttopics.3．Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A．Todescribesomefamouswebsites.B．Tointroducesomehealthmagazinesforwomen.C．Topredictthebest-sellinghealthmagazines.D．Toadvertisesomefashionmagazinesforwomen.BLifemayfeelterriblyunfair.Andyetforsanepeoplewhenfacingtheworstchallenge,theyareattheirbest.JessieJoyReesisjustsuchaperson.The12-year-oldCaliforniankidalwayshopefulandfun,becamethevoiceofcourageforkidswithcancer,activeandoutgoing,Jessiehadherwholeworldinfrontofher,untilshewasdiagnosed(诊断)withaninoperablebraincancerin2011.Threeweeksintohertreatment,whilelookingoutattheotherchildrenwhowerealsogoingthroughcancertreatment,Jessieaskedherparents,“Howcanwehelpthem?”Shewantedtocomfortthekids.Infact,thatmorningafterherdiagnosis,Jessiewasatthekitchentablecollectingpackagesoftoysforothercancerpatients.“Shewantedtomakeothercancerkidshappy,”herfatherErikremembers.Jessiehada1%chanceofbeatingcancer.So,shedecidedtomakethemostofhertime.Thepackagesbecamehospital-saleplasticjarsfilledwithtoysandactivitiestoencouragethechildrensufferingfromcancer.TheywerenamedJoyJars,whichnotonlycontainalittlebitoffun,butmostlytheycontainalittlebitofJessie’soptimism.Onemothersentathank-younote:JoyJarshavehelpedliftourspiritsduringTravis’ongoingbattlewithhisbraincancer.Jessiepassedawaylessthanayearfromherdiagnosis,butherparentskeepthejoyalive.Morethan400,000JoyJarshavebeendeliveredtochildrengoingthroughcancertreatmentallevertheworld.Foreach,thereisabitofjoytohelpthemthroughthetoughtimes.Andtogivethemcourage,there’salsoanote,NeverEverGiveUp.“Jessiewouldneverevergiveup,”saysErik.“Andeitherwillwe.Everychildfacingcancershouldknowtheyarelovedandsupported.”4．WhydidJessiesethermindonmakingJoyJars?A．Toearnrespectandfameallovertheworld.B．Tocallformorepeopletodonateforcancerkids.C．Toinspirethechildreninthesamesituationasher.D．Todrawmoreattentiontothetreatmentofbraincancer.5．WhatcanweknowaboutErikfromthetext?A．Hedesiretofindacureforbraincancer.B．Hecontributesalottotheresearchofcancer.C．Hesparesnoefforttocurechildrenwithcancer.D．HetakesJessie’splaceandcontinueswithherspirit.6．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJessie?A．Generousandindependent. B．Positiveandkind-hearted.C．Determinedandhumorous. D．Humorousandcaring.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Never,EverGiveUp B．ToCareIsToHelpC．FaceUpToChallenge D．CancerDefeatsNoWillingHeartCIamFionnFerreira,anIrishteenager.Iamverydelightedtohavewon$50,000formyproject.MyprojectcameaboutasIwasconstantlyhearingaboutplasticpollutiononthenews.AndIalsoseetherealeffectsonourbeacheseveryday.Idiscovered,tomyshock,thatatpresentnofiltration(过滤)formicroplasticstakesplaceinanyEuropeanwastewatertreatmentcenters,soIstartedlookingforasolution.Seeingthattherewasnone,Idecidedtoinvestigatefurther,finallyfindingawaytousethefeerofluid(铁磁流体),aliquidwhichstickstotheplasticallowingittoberemovedusingmagnets.Afterover1,000testsIhaveprovedthatmymethodwouldremove87%orhigherofmicroplastics.IgrewupinWestCork,Ireland.Myhometownissurroundedbyuntouchednature.Thishasbeenmyprimaryinspirationabouthownatureworks.Isoondiscoveredthatsciencereallywasineverything.ThefactthatIlivedinsucharemoteplacemeantthatIhadtobuildmyownequipmentandlabtoconducttestsandexperiments.InspiredbyscientistssuchasBenFeringaandhisworkwithorganicchemistryandnanotechnology(纳米技术),Iwouldliketostudychemistryorchemicalengineeringwhenfinishingmylastyearofsecondaryschool.BothofthesesubjectswillbesuitedtomeasIreallyenjoyproblem-solvingandexperiments.Oneofthemostvaluablerewardsfromthesciencefairformeistheopportunitytopresentmyworktoagroupofprofessionaljudges.Winningtheprizeisagreathonourtomeasthisisanacknowledgementofmyprojectandideas.Also,winningtheprizewillgivemyprojectmoreattention.ThereisnothingIwouldliketoseemorethanmyprojecttobeusedinaddressingmicroplasticsinouroceansworldwide.8．WhatdoweknowaboutFionn?A．Heisstudyingatcollege. B．Helivesbythesea.C．Heworksforasciencefair. D．HewasborninAmerica.9．WhydidFionnsetuptheproject?A．Topurifythepollutedair. B．Torecyclemicroplasticsincities.C．Tocollectplasticwastesinwater. D．Toremovemicroplasticsfromwater.10．WhichofthefollowingcanbeusedtodescribeFionn?A．Competitive. B．Creative. C．Optimistic. D．Humorous.11．WhatisFionnlookingforwardto?A．Seeinghisprojectappliedwidelyinreallife.B．Goingtothesciencefairtogetanotherprize.C．Attractingmoreattentiontohisproject.D．Gettinghisprojectacknowledgedbythejudges.DScientistshavelongsaidgettingagoodnight'ssleepisimportanttoyourhealth.TheU.S.NationalInstituteofHealthsayslackofsleepmayevenincreasetheriskofcognitive(认知)declineandAlzheimer'sdisease.Now,anAmericanteamofscientistsreportsthattoomuchsleepmightbesimilarlylinkedtosuchconditionsResearchersatWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicinedidthesleepstudy.Thestudyexamined100adultswhohadbeenundermedicalobservationforcognitiveability,theabilitytothink,foranaverageof4.5years.Theaverageageofthestudysubjectwas75.Eighty-eightofthegrouphadbeenidentifiedasfreeofcognitivedamage.Twelvesubjectswerejudgedverymildlydamaged.Duringthestudy,theywereaskedtocompleteseveraltestsforsignsofcognitivedecline.Thetestsarecombinedintoacognitivescore-thehigherthescore,thebetter.Theyalsoworeelectroencephalography(EEG)devicesforfourtosixnightstomeasuretheirbrainactivityduringsleep.Overall,cognitivescoresdeclinedforthosewhosleptlessthan4.5hoursormorethan6.5hourspernight-asmeasuredbyEEG(脑电图).Butthescoresstayedthesameforthoseinthemiddleoftherange.Dr.BrendanLaceyisthedirectoroftheWashingtonUniversitySleepMedicineCenterandledtheresearch.Hesaid,“Ourstudysuggeststhatthereis'asweetspot’fortotalsleeptimeforbestcognitiveperformance.Shortandlongsleeptimesareassociatedwithworsecognitiveperformance,perhapsduetoinsufficientsleeporpoorsleepquality,"Luceyadded.GregElderisasleepresearcheratNorthumbriaUniversityinNewCastle,Britain.Hewassurprisedaboutthefindingsthatsleepinglongerthan6.5hourswaslinkedwithcognitivedecline.ElderwroteinTheConversation,"Eachperson'ssleepneedsareindividual.Ifpeoplefeelrested,thereisnoneedtochangehowtheysleep."Healsonotedthatitsuggeststhatsleepqualitymaybethekey,asopposedtosimplytotalsleeptime.12．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Theimportanceofagoodnight'ssleeptohealth.B．AstudyonhowtoimproveyourcognitiveabilityC．Thelinkbetweensleepinglengthandcognitiveloss.D．Theresultofincreasingsleeptimeforshortsleepers13．Whatdoweknowaboutthe100participantsofthestudy?A．Mostofthemdon'thavecognitivedisorders.B．Someofthemaresufferingfromlackofsleep.C．Alloftheparticipantsaremorethan75yearsold.D．Afewofthemareundermedicalobservation.14．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“asweetspot”refertoinparagraph5?A．Insufficientsleep. B．Poor-qualitysleep. C．Toomuchsleep. D．Amiddlerangesleep.15．WhatisGregElder'sattitudetowardthefindingsofthestudy?A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Indifferent. D．Objective.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。November2,2020wasamajoranniversaryfortheInternationalSpaceStationandmarked20yearssincepeoplefirstbeganlivingthere.Butthespacestation,infact,spent22yearsinEarth’sorbit.16Therewerejustthreesmallroomsinthespacestationwhenthefirstcrewarrived.Therewashardlyanyspaceforthemtomovearound.17BillShepherd,thestation’sfirstcommander,describedhistimelivingthereaslifeonashipatsea.18Communicationproblemscouldlasthours.“Eachdayseemedtohaveitsownchallengingthings,”Shepherdrecalledrecently.Butthesituationhascometoacloselongbefore.Todaythespacestationisalmostaslargeasafootballfield.19Astronautshavenear-continuouscommunicationandevenaphonetousepersonally.Ittakesonly90minutesforthespacestationtocircletheworld.20Shepherdsaidthepast20yearofinternationalexperienceandcooperationdrivesmassiveprojects,likepossiblysendinghumanstotheplanetMars,anddeservesstudyingandremembering.A．Livinginspacestationsseemstobefun.B．Itsfirstpiecewaslaunchedintospacein1998.C．Theyhadperiodicradiocontactwiththeground.D．Theairwaswarmandwet,leavingthemfeelingsticky.E．Thatgivescrewmembersachanceofenjoying16sunrisesand16sunsetseachday.F．Ithasenoughsolarpowerequipmenttofillalmostfour-tenthsof10,000squaremeters.G．Thespacestationdoesnothaveafridge,butithasacoolroomtokeepfruitsandvegetablesfresh.第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Man’sbestfriendisbeingcreditedwithsavinghisowner’slifeduringascare.81-year-oldHarrySmithofPortSt.Lucie,Floridaisamanof21.Hetakeshis9-year-olddogSarahJaneforawalkaroundthelakeacrossthestreetfromhishousetwiceaday,everyday.Smith,whousesanelectricwheelchairto22,wasononeofhisregularwalkswhensomething23happened.Theleftwheelofhiswheelchairgot24inapit(坑),andashetriedtoreverseoutofthedirt,hiswheelchairlosttraction.Heendeduprollingdownthe25andflippingoffhiswheelchairintothelake.Sensingherownerwasin26,SarahJanebeganbarkingloudlyasSmith27tokeephisheadabovewater.Herpersistentbarking28theattentionoftwoneighborsworkingintheirdrivewayacrossthestreet,whorushedovertoseewhatthe29wasabout.OneofthosemenwasEdwardShuling,whosaidhe30thoughtthedogmayhavegottenintoafightwithanalligator,beforehesawSmith’sheadstickingoutofthewater.Shulinginstantly31in.Asecondneighbor,Aby“Jacob”Chacko,was32closelyandhappenedtospotOfficerAdamonhiswaydowntothewater.Together,thethreemen33Smithoutofthewaterandbacktosafety,muchtohisandSarahJane’s34.“WearethankfulforMr.Smith’sdogandthetwobystandersthathelpedsavehislife!”thepostreads.“Andasthesayingremains35...Aman’sbestfriendishisdog.”21．A．action B．routine C．virtue D．character22．A．glancearound B．comearound C．getaround D．turnaround23．A．unusual B．strange C．difficult D．puzzling24．A．stuck B．separated C．hit D．broken25．A．hill B．bank C．river D．wheelchair26．A．doubt B．depth C．trouble D．despair27．A．hurried B．waved C．struggled D．jumped28．A．distracted B．focused C．demanded D．caught29．A．noise B．incident C．scene D．event30．A．additionally B．initially C．eventually D．similarly31．A．turned B．fell C．checked D．jumped32．A．appearing B．following C．moving D．coming33．A．pulled B．seized C．tore D．kicked34．A．delight B．amusement C．surprise D．relief35．A．certain B．familiar C．true D．popular第Ⅱ卷(非选择题共50分)第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WhoinventedtheATM?Therehavebeen36(argue)foryearsoverwhoshouldofficiallygodowninhistoryas“theinventoroftheATM”.NowtheUKgovernmentis37(clear)sayingitwasJamesGoodfellow38inventedtheATM.Backinthemid-1960s,JamesGoodfellowwasworking39adevelopmentengineerforGlasgowfirmKelvinHughes,andhadbeenchargedwithinventingawaytoenablecustomerstowithdraw(取)cashfrombankswhenSaturdayopeningended.“Mostpeople40(work)duringtheweekcouldn’tgettothebank.Theywantedasolution.Thesolution41(be)amachinewhichwouldissuecashondemandtoa42(recognize)customer,”hesaid.“Isetouttodevelopacash-issuingmachine,and43(make)thisareality,Iinventedthepin(personalidentificationnumber)andanassociatedcodedtoken(代币).”Thecashmachinehasbecomeaworld-conqueringpieceoftechnology.Therearenow3millionATMsworldwide,with44numberforecasttohit4millionby2020.ThegoodnewsforGoodfellowisthatpeoplearebeginningtoknowhimforhisinvention.Even45(good)forhim,theHomeOfficehasnowofficiallyrecognizedhisotherachievement.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华，你校英文报正在举办以“TheRobotIWant”为题的短文比赛，请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：1.你想要的机器人的功能；2.你对机器人的看法。注意：1.词数80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。TheRobotIWant___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。In1989an8.2earthquakealmostdestroyedAmerica,killingover30,000peopleinlessthanfourminutes.Inthemidstofutterdevastation(破坏)andchaos,afatherlefthiswifesafelyathomeandrushedtotheschoolwherehissonwassupposedtobe,onlytodiscoverthatthebuildingwasasflatasapancake.Aftertheunforgettablyinitialshock;herememberedthepromisehehadmadetohisson:“Nomatterwhat,I’llalwaysbethereforyou!”Andtearsbegantofillhiseyes.Ashelookedatthepileofruinsthatoncewastheschool,itlookedhopeless,buthekeptrememberinghiscommitmenttohisson.Hebegantodirecthisattentiontowardswherehewalkedhissontoclassatschooleachmorning.Rememberinghisson’sclassroomwouldbeinthebackrightcornerofthebuilding,herushedthereandstarteddiggingthroughtheruins.Ashewasdigging,otherhelplessparentsarrived,heartbroken,saying:“My,son!”“Mydaughter!”Otherwell-meaningparentstriedtopullhimoffwhatwasleftoftheschool,saying:“It’stoolate!They’realldead!Youcan’thelp!Gohome!Comeon,facereality,there’snothingyoucando!”Toeachparentherespondedwithoneline:“Areyougoingtohelpmenow?”Andthenhecontinuedtodigforhisson,stonebystone.Thefirechiefshowedupandtriedtopullhimofftheschool’sruinssaying,“Firesarebreakingout,explosionsarehappeningeverywhere.You’reindanger.We’lltakecareofit.Gohome.”Towhichthisloving,caringAmericanfatherasked,“Areyougoingtohelpmenow?”Thepolicecameandsaid,“You’reangry,anxiousandit’sover.You’reendangeringothers.Gohome.We’llhandleit!”Towhichhereplied,“Areyougoingtohelpmenow?”Noonehelped.【注意】1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。Courageouslyhewentonalonebecausehe.neededtoknowforhimself:“Ismyboyaliveorishedead____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________“Thereare14ofusleftoutof33,Dad,”Armandreplied,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：1．D2．B3．B【导语】本文是应用文。文章是一则广告，主要介绍了份与女性健康的杂志的相关信息。1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“Women’sDayisnotonlyspecificallyawomen’shealthmagazine,butalsoincludesalittleofwhatShapehas,alongwithmoreinformationonotherpartsoflife:family,money,travelandstyle.（《Women’sDay》不仅是一本专门为女性打造的健康杂志，还包括了一些《Shape》杂志拥有的信息，以及更多关于生活其他方面的信息:家庭、金钱、旅行和时尚）”可知，Women’sDay中含有关于日常生活部分的内容，这些内容是其余三个杂志没有的。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Theworkoutsareclearlypresentedwithgoodphotostoillustrate(说明)everymovement,andalmostallcanbedonewithoutmakingatriptothegym.（这些锻炼都配有清晰的图片来说明每一个动作，而且几乎所有的动作都不用去健身房就能完成）”可知，Fitness里有很多图片对内容进行阐述，帮助读者理解杂志内容。故选B。3．推理判断题。本文是一则广告，介绍了四份与女性健康有关的杂志的具体信息。由此推知，作者的目的是给女性介绍一些健康杂志。故选B。4．C5．D6．B7．A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Jessie虽患脑癌,但却坚强乐观、从不放弃，并鼓励患有同种疾病的孩子。在她去世后，她的父母也没有放弃，接替女儿的JoyJars，并将她的乐观和不放弃的精神继续传递下去。4．细节理解题。根据第四段“Thepackagesbecamehospital-saleplasticjarsfilledwithtoysandactivitiestoencouragethechildrensufferingfromcancer.(这些包装变成了医院出售的塑料罐，里面装满了玩具和活动，以鼓励患有癌症的儿童。)”可知，Jessie制作JoyJars是为了鼓舞那些跟她一样身患癌症的孩子。故选C。5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Jessiepassedawaylessthanayearfromherdiagnosis,butherparentskeepthejoyalive.Morethan400,000JoyJarshavebeendeliveredtochildrengoingthroughcancertreatmentallevertheworld.Foreach,thereisabitofjoytohelpthemthroughthetoughtimes.Andtogivethemcourage,there’salsoanote,NeverEverGiveUp.“Jessiewouldneverevergiveup,”saysErik.“Andeitherwillwe.Everychildfacingcancershouldknowtheyarelovedandsupported.”(Jessie在诊断后不到一年就去世了，但她的父母仍然继续将这份快乐保持下去。全世界有超过400000个JoyJars被交付给接受癌症治疗的儿童。对于每个人来说，都有一点快乐可以帮助他们度过艰难的时期。并且为了给他们勇气，还有一个便条：永不放弃。Erik说：“Jessie永远不会放弃，我们也不会放弃。每个面对癌症的孩子都应该知道他们被爱和支持。)”可知，Jessie的父亲Erik接替了女儿的位置，并将她的精神传递了下去。故选D。6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Threeweeksintohertreatment,whilelookingoutattheotherchildrenwhowerealsogoingthroughcancertreatment,Jessieaskedherparents,“Howcanwehelpthem?”Shewantedtocomfortthekids.(治疗三周后，Jessie看着其他也正在接受癌症治疗的孩子，问她的父母，“我们能帮助他们吗？”她想安慰那些小孩。)”及第四段“TheywerenamedJoyJars,whichnotonlycontainalittlebitoffun,butmostlytheycontainalittlebitofJessie’soptimism.(他们被命名为JoyJars，不仅包含一点点乐趣，而且大多数都包含一点Jessie的乐观主义。)”可知，Jessie及乐观，又富有爱心，热心帮助其他患有癌症的小朋友。故选B。7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Foreach,thereisabitofjoytohelpthemthroughthetoughtimes.Andtogivethemcourage,there’salsoanote,NeverEverGiveUp.“Jessiewouldneverevergiveup,”saysErik.“Andeitherwillwe.Everychildfacingcancershouldknowtheyarelovedandsupported.”(对于每个人来说，都有一点快乐可以帮助他们度过艰难的时期。并且为了给他们勇气，还有一个便条：永不放弃。Erik说：“Jessie永远不会放弃，我们也不会放弃。每个面对癌症的孩子都应该知道他们被爱和支持。)”可知，文章讲述了身患癌症的Jessie积极乐观、永不放弃，并鼓励其他患癌症的小朋友。所以文章的标题应是Never,EverGiveUp(永不放弃)。故选A。8．B9．D10．B11．A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者FionnFerreira是一个科学比赛的获奖者。他介绍了自己使用铁磁流体从水中去除微塑料的实验项目及获奖的经历,表达了自己对科学的热爱。8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“AndIalsoseetherealeffectsonourbeacheseveryday.(我每天看到我们海滩的真实效果)”可以判断出，作者生活在海边。故选B项。9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Idiscovered,tomyshock,thatatpresentnofiltrationformicroplasticstakesplaceinanyEuropeanwastewatertreatmentcenters,soIstartedlookingforasolution.(我发现，令我震惊的是，当前欧洲任何一家废水处理中心都没有过滤水中微塑料的流程)”和第二段“Seeingthattherewasnone,Idecidedtoinvestigatefurther,finallyfindingawaytousethefeerofluid,aliquidwhichstickstotheplasticallowingittoberemovedusingmagnets.(看到没有这样的流程，我决定进一步调查，最终找到了一种使用铁磁流体的方法，这种液体可以粘在塑料上，用磁铁将其移除)”可知，作者研究该项目的目的就是去除水中的微塑料。故选D项。10．推理判断题。根据文章第二段提到的作者研究去除水中的微塑料的方法以及第四段“asIreallyenjoyproblem-solvingandexperiments(因为我喜欢解决问题和实验)”可知，作者喜欢解决问题，乐于做实验，可见他具有创新精神，即有创造力。故选B项。11．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“ThereisnothingIwouldliketoseemorethanmyprojecttobeusedinaddressingmicroplasticsinouroceansworldwide(我想要看见我的项目更多的被利用起来解决全世界海洋中的微塑料污染问题)”可知，作者最大的心愿是希望他的项目能够在现实生活中被广泛应用。故选A项。12．C13．A14．D15．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍研究发现睡眠时间太长也会造成认知能力下降。12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“TheU.S.NationalInstituteofHealthsayslackofsleepmayevenincreasetheriskofcognitive(认知)declineandAlzheimer'sdisease.Now,anAmericanteamofscientistsreportsthattoomuchsleepmightbesimilarlylinkedtosuchconditions”（美国国家健康研究所表示，缺乏睡眠甚至可能增加认知能力下降和阿尔茨海默病的风险。现在，一组美国科学家报告说，过多的睡眠可能与这种情况有类似的联系）可知，短文主要是关于睡眠时间和认知能力下降之间的联系。故选C。13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thestudyexamined100adultswhohadbeenundermedicalobservationforcognitiveability,theabilitytothink,foranaverageof4.5years.Theaverageageofthestudysubjectwas75.Eighty-eightofthegrouphadbeenidentifiedasfreeofcognitivedamage.Twelvesubjectswerejudgedverymildlydamaged.”（这项研究对100名接受认知能力医学观察的成年人进行了调查，观察时间平均为4.5年。研究对象的平均年龄为75岁。其中88人被确认没有认知损伤。12名受试者被判定有轻微损伤。）可知,100个参加试验的人中,88个认知能力没受损害,12个有轻微的伤害。也就是说多数人认知没有问题。故选A。14．词语猜测题。根据第四段“Overall,cognitivescoresdeclinedforthosewhosleptlessthan4.5hoursormorethan6.5hourspernight-asmeasuredbyEEG(脑电图).Butthescoresstayedthesameforthoseinthemiddleoftherange.”（总的来说，根据脑电图描记法的测量，那些每晚睡眠少于4.5小时或超过6.5小时的人的认知得分有所下降。但那些处于中间区间的人的分数保持不变。）可知，我们的研究表明，总睡眠时间存在一个“最佳点”，可以让认知表现达到最佳水平。所以划线指的“中度时间的睡眠”。故选D。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段GregElder所述“Eachperson'ssleepneedsareindividual.Ifpeoplefeelrested,thereisnoneedtochangehowtheysleep."Healsonotedthatitsuggeststhatsleepqualitymaybethekey,asopposedtosimplytotalsleeptime.”（每个人的睡眠需求各不相同。如果人们感觉休息好了，就没有必要改变他们的睡眠方式。”他还指出，这表明睡眠质量可能是关键，而不是简单的总睡眠时间）可知，GregElder认为每个人的睡眠需求不同的，可能睡眠质量是关键而不是睡眠时间。由此推断,GregElder对此研究发现持怀疑态度。故选B16．B17．D18．C19．F20．E【导语】本文为一篇说明文。2022年是国际太空站的20周年纪念日。文章主要将20年的太空站与现在的太空站作比较，说明科技的重要性。16．根据空前“Butthespacestation,infact,spent22yearsinEarth’sorbit.（事实上，太空站在地球轨道上待了22年。）”以及后文“Therewerejustthreesmallroomsinthespacestationwhenthefirstcrewarrived.（当第一组人员到达时，太空站只有3个小房间。）”可知，此句应承上启下，说明第一次登上太空站的时间，故B项“它第一个部件是于1998年被送入太空”符合，故选B项。17．根据空后“BillShepherd,thestation’sfirstcommander,describedhistimelivingthereaslifeonashipatsea.（Bill曾经将他在太空站的生活描述为与海上船上的生活一样）”可知，此句是D项“空气温暖潮湿，让他们觉得很黏”的顺义承接，空气潮湿，就跟在海上生活一样潮湿，总感觉闷热，很黏，故选D。18．根据空后“Communicationproblemscouldlasthours.（沟通问题也会持续几小时）”可知，此处讲交流、沟通的困难。故C项“他们与地面联系使用的是阶段性的无线电”符合，沟通是阶段性的，偶尔能联系上，都在讲20年前太空站沟通的问题，故选C。19．根据空前“Todaythespacestationisalmostaslargeasafootballfield.（现在的太空站与一个足球场一样大。）”可知，此处讲现在的太空站空间很大，故F项“在400平方米内，它有着足够多的太阳能设备。”进一步说明现在太空站的优势，符合，故选F。20．根据空前“Ittakesonly90minutesforthespacestationtocircletheworld.（太空站只需要90分钟就能环绕世界一圈。）”可知，E项“着能让机组成员在一天之内看到16次日出和16次日落”顺承前文，故此处E项符合，故项E。21．B22．C23．A24．A25．B26．C27．C28．D29．A30．B31．D32．B33．A34．D35．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了某天史密斯不幸落水，狗狗SarahJane通过大叫引来了附近的两个邻居和警长，在他们三人的共同努力下，史密斯获救。这个故事告诉我们，狗狗是人类最好的朋友。21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：佛罗里达州圣卢西港81岁的哈里·史密斯是一个循例的人。A.action行为；B.routine例行程序，常规；C.virtue美德；D.character角色。根据下文“Hetakeshis9-year-olddogSarahJaneforawalkaroundthelakeacrossthestreetfromhishousetwiceaday,everyday.”可知，史密斯在生活中是循例的。且下文“hisregularwalks”也是提示。故选B。22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：史密斯使用电动轮椅四处走动，他在一次例行散步中发生了不寻常的事情。A.glancearound环视；B.comearound苏醒，恢复知觉；C.getaround到处走，传开；D.turnaround转身。根据上文“Hetakeshis9-year-olddogSarahJaneforawalkaroundthelakeacrossthestreetfromhishousetwiceàday,everyday.”可知，史密斯每天都坐着轮椅去散步，四处走走。故选C。23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：史密斯使用电动轮椅四处走动，他在一次例行散步中发生了不寻常的事情。A.unusual不寻常的；B.strange奇怪的；C.difficult困难的；D.puzzling令人不解的。根据下文“Theleftwheelofhiswheelchairgot4inapit(坑),andashetriedtoreverseoutofthedirt,hiswheelchairlosttraction.”可知，这次史密斯散步时发生了不寻常的事情。故选A。24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的轮椅左轮卡在坑里，当他试图倒车离开泥土时，轮椅失去了牵引力。A.stuck被困住的；B.separated分开的；C.hit被打的；D.broken坏的。根据下文“ashetriedtoreverseoutofthedirt”可知，史密斯的轮椅卡在了坑里。故选A。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后他滚下了河岸，从轮椅上摔了下来掉进了湖里。A.hill小山；B.bank银行，河堤；C.river小河；D.wheelchair轮椅。根据下文“flippingoffhiswheelchairintothelake”可知，史密斯滚下了河岸。故选B。26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当史密斯挣扎着把头露出水面时，莎拉·简意识到她的主人遇到了麻烦，开始大声吠叫。A.doubt怀疑；B.depth深度；C.trouble麻烦；D.despair绝望。根据上文“flippingoffhiswheelchairintothelake”可知，史密斯掉进了湖里，可得出史密斯遇到了麻烦。故选C。27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当史密斯挣扎着把头露出水面时，莎拉·简意识到她的主人遇到了麻烦，开始大声吠叫。A.hurried匆忙；B.waved挥动；C.struggled挣扎；D.jumped跳跃。结合常识和史密斯是残疾人可知，掉入水中时他会挣扎，努力让自己不被水淹。故选C。28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她持续不断的吠叫引起了街对面车道上两个正在工作的邻居的注意，他们冲过去看看噪音是怎么回事。A.distracted使……分心；B.focused关注，专注；C.demanded要求；D.caught抓住，赶上。根据下文“whorushedovertoseewhatthe9wasabout.”可知，狗的吠叫引起了邻居的注意，catchone’sattention“引起某人的注意”。故选D。29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她持续不断的吠叫引起了街对面车道上两个正在工作的邻居的注意，他们冲过去看看噪音是怎么回事。A.noise噪音；B.incident事件；C.scene场景，场面；D.event事件，比赛项目。根据上文“SarahJanebeganbarkingloudly”可知，此处是指狗叫发出的噪音。故选A。30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：其中一名男子是爱德华·舒林，他说，在看到史密斯的头伸出水面之前，他最初认为这条狗可能与一只短吻鳄打架。A.additionally此外；B.initially最初；C.eventually最后；D.similarly相似地。根据下文“beforehesawSmith’sh