2024届高三英语一轮复习阅读理解天天练（Animals+动物）选自New+Scientist

高三十月天天练（Animals动物）选自NewScientistRoostersactdifferentlywhenfacedwithanotherchickenversusjusttheirownreflection.Thismaymeanthatthebirdscanrecognisethemselvesinamirror,akeytestofself-awarenessinanimals.Thewayresearcherstailoredthismirrortesttoroostersmayopenupnewmethodsofdeterminingself-recognitioninadiversityofanimalspecies.Inthetraditionalmirrorself-recognitiontest,developedin1970,researchersplaceamarkonananimal’sbodyinaspotthatitcouldonlyseereflectedinamirror.Theynoteiftheanimalinspectsortouchesthemarkwhileexaminingitsreflection,suggestingitunderstandsthereflectionrepresentsitsownbody.Preciousfewnon-humanspecieshavepassedthistest,butthosethathaveincludesomegreatapes,dolphins,elephantsandmagpies.Inrecentyears,afewresearchershaveclaimedotherspecies–suchaspenguins,horses,cleanerwrassefishandmantarays–havepassedthetest,butnotwithoutcontroversy.Resultsfromthistestareoftenhighlyvariable.SonjaHillemacherattheUniversityofBonninGermanyandhercolleagueswonderedifthishaslesstodowiththeanimalsnotrecognisingthemselves,andmoretodowiththefactthatthereislittlenaturalmotivationformanyanimalstoinvestigatethemarks.Lookingatbehavioursrelevanttoaspecies’day-to-daylifemaygivemorereliableinsights,shesays.Theteamdesignedamodifiedmirrortestspecificallyforroosters,takingintoaccounttheirnaturalbehaviorsandsocialinteractions.Theyintroducedtwoscenarios:onewheretheroosterencounteredanotherrooster,andtheotherwhereitfaceditsownreflection.Surprisingly,theroostersdisplayeddistinctbehaviorsinthetwosituations,indicatingarecognitionofselfversusother.Whenfacinganotherrooster,thetestsubjectsexhibitedaggressiveposturesandvocalizations,attemptingtoestablishdominanceordefendtheirterritory.Incontrast,uponencounteringtheirownreflection,theroostersshowedsignsofself-exploration,suchasextendedinspectionoftheirappearance,gentlepeckingatthemirror,andevenattemptstopreenthemselvesinresponsetoperceivedimperfections.Thesenuancedresponsessuggestthatroosterspossessalevelofself-awareness,enablingthemtodifferentiatebetweentheirownreflectionandanothermemberoftheirspecies.Furtherstudiesarenowunderwaytodeterminethecognitivemechanismsunderlyingthisabilityandwhetheritextendstootheraspectsoftheirsocialbehavior.Hillemacherandherteambelievethatthistailoredapproachtomirrortestingcouldrevolutionizetheassessmentofself-recognitionacrossvariousanimalspecies.Bycustomizingthemethodologytosuitthespecificbehavioralpatternsandcognitivecapacitiesofdifferentanimals,researchersmayuncoveramorecomprehensiveunderstandingofself-awarenessintheanimalkingdom.Thisgroundbreakingresearchnotonlyshedslightonthecognitiveabilitiesofroostersbutalsopavesthewayforamoreinclusiveandaccurateevaluationofself-awarenessindiversespecies.1.Whatisthesignificanceofroostersactingdifferentlywhenfacedwithanotherchickenversustheirownreflection?-A.Theiraggressivebehaviorisasignoffear-B.Itindicatestheirabilitytorecognizethemselvesinamirror-C.Theyaredisplayingterritorialbehavior-D.TheyarerespondingtoathreatfromtheirownreflectionCorrectAnswer:B2.Inthetraditionalmirrorself-recognitiontest,wheredoresearcherstypicallyplaceamarkontheanimal'sbody?-A.Aspotvisibleonlytotheanimal-B.Ontheanimal'sface-C.Ontheanimal'sback-D.Ontheanimal'slegCorrectAnswer:A3.Whatdidthemodifiedmirrortestdesignedforroostersinvolve?-A.Introducingthemtootheranimals-B.Observingtheirfeedingbehavior-C.Presentingthemwiththeirownreflectionandthatofanotherrooster-D.MonitoringtheirsleeppatternsCorrectAnswer:C4.Whatbehaviordidtheroostersexhibitwhenencounteringtheirownreflectioninthemodifiedmirrortest?-A.Fearfulretreat-B.Vocalizationforattention-C.Aggressiveconfrontation-D.Signsofself-explorationCorrectAnswer:D5.Accordingtothearticle,whatpotentialimpactcouldthetailoredapproachtomirrortestinghaveonthestudyofself-recognitioninanimals?-A.Nosignificantimpact-B.Limitedapplicability-C.Revolutionizeassessmentacrossvariousspecies-D.RemaincontroversialandunprovenCorrectAnswer:CThelethalformofbirdfluthathasbeenkillingmillionsofwildbirdsaroundtheworldhasspreadsouthtotheAntarcticregion,whereitisfeareditwillhaveadevastatingimpactonsealsandwhalesaswellasbirdssuchaspenguinsandalbatrosses.Itcouldevenleadtoextinctions.“TherearespeciesonsomeoftheAntarcticislandsandsub-Antarcticislandsthatareuniquetothoseislands,andonlyoccurinsmallnumbers,inhundredsorthousands,”saysThijsKuikenatErasmusUniversityRotterdamintheNetherlands.“Ifthevirusreachesthosepopulations,theyareinthreatofextinction.”IfthevirusspreadsaroundAntarctica,thereisalsoariskofmigratorybirdscarryingittoNewZealandandAustraliaforthefirsttime,saysKuiken.ThehighlypathogenicformofH5N1birdfluthathasbeenkillingmanywildbirdsinEurope,AsiaandAfricasince2020wascarriedacrosstheAtlantictoNorthAmericain2021.InOctober2022,itwasdetectedinSouthAmerica.Thereitisknowntohavekilledthousandsofmarinemammalsaswellashundredsofthousandsofbirdsofmanydifferentspecies,andthetruenumbersarelikelytobemuchhigher.ByDecember2022,ithadspreadtothesoutherntipofSouthAmerica.Inrecentdays,researchersataBritishAntarcticSurveystationonBirdIsland,justoffthelargerislandofSouthGeorgia,foundsomesickbrownskuasandgiantpetrels,andsentsamplesbacktotheUKfortesting.“Thetestcamebackyesterday,andtheywereindeedpositive,”saysNormanRatcliffe,aseabirdecologistattheBritishAntarcticSurvey.Sofar,only30deadbirdshavebeenfound,butthefearisthatH5N1couldspreadrapidlyinthelargeanddensebirdcoloniesonBirdIslandandSouthGeorgia.1.WhatisthepotentialimpactofthelethalbirdfluintheAntarcticregion,asstatedinthepassage?-A.Endangeringmarinelifeonly-B.Harmfultopenguinsandalbatrossesonly-C.Extinctionofsealsandwhales-D.RiskofextinctionsamongvariousspeciesCorrectAnswer:D2.AccordingtoThijsKuiken,whatpopulationsareparticularlyvulnerabletoextinctionifthevirusreachesthem?-A.Migratorybirdspecies-B.Small,uniqueislandspecies-C.Large,denselypopulatedbirdcolonies-D.SealsandwhalesCorrectAnswer:B3.Wherecould