2021英语外研版选择性必修第四册教用文档Unit 5

兼送。作文巧升格Guidedwriting

IACI)ANLJ《〉WEZ，

r~j^：体指导二~i

说明文

说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理而给人以知识的文

章，它要求语言准确简明，通俗浅显，条理清晰而又有逻辑性。需要注意的是，

说明文是陈述客观事实，所以这种文体通常采用一般现在时。

［基本框架］

第一部分：简述神秘现象（什么样的神秘现象，何时何地被发现，科学家对

此的解释和论据）。

第二部分：不同的看法。

第三部分：自己对这种现象的认识。

［常用词块］

1.aseriesofattacks一连串的袭击行为

2.muddyfootprintsonthekitchenfloor厨房地板上的泥脚印

3.afrighteningexperience一次可怕的经历

4.areportedsightingoftheLochNessmonster据报道有人看见尼斯湖水怪

5.bringsth.tolight披露某事

6.duetohumanerror由于人为错误

［常用语句］

★精彩开头

1.Themonsterof...isbackinthenews.........怪物....又上新闻了。

2.Itisknowntoallthat…众所周知...

3.Itliesin...它在于...

4.Itlookslike…它看起来像...

★丰满主体

1.Somescientiststhinkthat...一些科学家认为...

2.Somepeoplebelieveinitsexistence,because…有些人相信它的存在，因

为...

3.Byrecentresearch,wecanlearnthat…通过最近的研究，我们可以了解

到

4.Otherscientistsconsider…其他科学家认为...

★余味结尾

X.Personally,I(don't)believe…就我个人而言，我(不湘信...

2.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ithink…就我而言，我认为...

3.Inmypointofview,Ibelieve…在我看来,我相信...

匚颗致用Q

“北美大脚怪(Bigfoot)”一直引发人们的热议。请根据所给提示写一篇短

文。

出没地带北美

像猿(ape),高6—10英尺，重约500磅以上，全身覆盖棕色或红

怪物描述

色毛，头和眼睛很大，脚印长达24英寸

发现情况科学家和研究人员也找到了相关的毛发粪便(waste)以及大脚印等

结论无其他证据证明其存在，也许是当地传说以吓唬徒步者或者猎人

注意：1.字数80字左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【参考范文】

Bigfoot,whichwasfirstseeninNorthAmerica,isoneoftheworld-famous

mysteries.

Witnessesdescribeditasanape-likecreature.ltwassaidtobe6-10feettall,

weighingover500poundsandwascoveredinbrownorredfurwithlargeeyesanda

bighead.Footprintsupto24incheslonghavebeenfound.

Teamsofscientistsandresearcherswhohavegonetheretodoresearchhave

foundthingsrelatedtoit,suchaswaste,furandsoon.However,sofartherehasbeen

nootherevidencetoproveitsexistence.

AsfarasIamconcerned,Ithinkitmaybejustfolktalesorstoriestoterrify

hikersandhuntersinNorthAmerica.

Unit5Intotheunknown

导读。话题砂切入Stimulateyourimaginationandpotential

13ACI〉UHUAlIMIACQ1ERU

1名曰警语I

1.Thereisaprofoundcharminmystery.-Chatfield

神秘事物具有深奥的魅力。

2.Natureisnotgovernedexceptbyobeyingher.一Bacon

自然不可驾驭，除非顺从她。

3.Tobebeautifulandtobecalmistheidealofnature.—RichardJefferies

美与宁静是自然的理想。

4.Mixalittlemysterywitheverything,andtheverymysteryarousesveneration.

一BaltasarGracian

任何事都掺一点神秘性，唯其神秘才引起崇拜。

5.Hehadlivedlongenoughtoknowitisunwisetowisheverythingexplained.

长时期的生活经历足以使他懂得要想把一切都解释清楚是不明智的。

6.Manmastersnaturenotbyforcebutbyunderstanding.一Bronwski

人征服大自然不是凭力量，而是凭对它的认识。

K话题悟口

The“MonsterofLakeTianchi”intheChangbaiMountainsinJilinProvince,

northeastChina,isbackinthenewsafterseveralrecentsightings.Thedirectorofa

localtouristoffice,MengFanying,saidthemonster,whichseemedtobeblackin

color,wastenmetersfromtheedgeofthelakeduringthemostrecentsighting."It

jumpedoutofthewaterlikeaseal一about200peopleonChangbai*swesternpeak

sawit,“hesaid.^Althoughnoonereallygotaclearlookatthemysteriouscreature,

XueJunlin,alocalphotographer,claimedthatitsheadlookedlikeahorse.”

Inanotherrecentsighting,agroupofsoldiersclaimtheysawananimalmoving

onthesurfaceofthewater."Itwasgreenish-blackandhadaroundheadwith10-

centimeterhorns"，oneofthesoldierssaid.

-美文欣赏」

MikeTaylor,auniversitystudentinthestudyofprehistoriclifeformsfbrhis

Ph.D.,discoveredabrand-newspeciesofdinosaur,whileconductingresearchatthe

NaturalHistoryMuseumintheUnitedKingdom.Thisnewspecieswasidentifiedas

partofthesauropodfamilyofdinosaurs.Thesauropodswerefour-legged,vegetarian

dinosaurs,withverylongnecksandtails,andrelativelysmallskullsandbrains.One

oftheirmostunusualcharacteristicswastheirnostrils,whichwerehigherupintheir

head,almostneartheeyes.Sofar,thesauropodboneshavebeenfoundinevery

continentexceptAntarctica,andtheyareoneofthelongestlivinggroupofdinosaurs,

spanningover100millionyears.Thisnewspecies,namedXenoposeidon

proneneukos,whichmeansforwardsloping,livedabout140millionyearsago.

MikeTaylor,whohasspentfiveyearsstudying

sauropodvertebrae,immediatelyknewthatthiswasthe

backboneofasauropod.However,hehadneverseenone

likethisbefore.Furtherresearchprovedthiswasindeedanewkindofsauropod.The

bone,whichhadbeendiscoveredinthe1890s,hadneverbeenexamined.

［探究发现］

1.Findoutthemainideaofthepassage.

MikeTaylordiscoveredabrand-newspeciesofdinosaur.

2.Findoutthenewdinosaufsmostobviouscharacteristic.

Nostril.

3.Findoutthetimethatthebonewasdiscovered.

Inthe1890s.

泛读。技能初养成Developingideas

FAZI）UJIZEZ（；UHUYAZ（；（：HHZ《；

口课文助读1

阅读教材P56.57课文，选出最佳选项

1.Whichonecannotbenefitfromtheexplorationoftheoceansaccordingtothe

passage?

A.Thediscoveryofnaturalresources.

B.Tradeandeconomy.

C・Biologicaldiscoveries.

D.Archaeologicaldiscoveries.

2.WhichonedoyouthinkmakeChinabecometheworld'stopoceanexplorer?

A.China'sdiscoveryofanice-likesubstance.

B.Thediscoveryofbone-whitecoral.

C.TheJiaolongholdstherecordforthedeepestdivebyamannedsubmarine.

D.China'scooperationwithothercountries.

［答案］1-2BC

匚♦要点直击匚

WordsandPhrases

知识要点1checkout调查，检查，核实；结账离开（旅馆等）

［教材P54］Sowhileyoumaybetemptedtocheckoutastrangeobjectortotest

thewatersofanewsituation，itcanbesafertosteerclearoftheunfamiliar.

所以，当你想要查看一个陌生的东西或尝试一个新环境时，避开不熟悉的东

西会更安全。

［例1］Thisphotocopymachineisnotworkingproperly.Couldyoucheckout

theproblem?

这台复印机不正常工作了，你检查一下好吗？

H列2］Checkouthowmanykeyskillsyoualreadyhaveandfindoutwhich

onesyoumightneedtodevelop!

核实你已经具备了多少关键技能，并找出哪些是你需要提升的吧！

［造句］或许我们应该去趟图书馆，查个明白。

Maybeweoughttogodowntothelibraryandcheckitout.

［知识拓展］

checkin（在旅馆、机场等）登记

checkover/through仔细检查；核对；核查

checkonsb./sth.检查，查看（是否安全、令人满意或在

［即学即练］完成句子

①We'vecheckedin（登记入住）atthehotel.

②Guestsshouldcheckout（结账离开）oftheirroomsbynoon.

③Checkover/through（仔细检查）yourworkformistakes.

知识要点2setout出发，动身；陈述，阐明

［教材P54］Inmorerecenttimes,Norwegianexplorer,RoaldAmundsen

enduredoneofthemosthostileenvironmentsonEarthwhenhesetoutintouncharted

territorytoreachtheSouthPole.

在最近一段时间里，挪威探险家罗尔德・阿蒙森经历了地球上最恶劣的环境

之一，他踏进了未知的区域，去往南极。

H列1］Whensettingoutonalongwalk,alwayswearsuitableshoes.

当出发进行长途步行时，一定要穿合适的鞋子。

［例2］Wesetouttopaintthewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpartthat

day.

我们开始着手粉刷整幢房子，可是那天只完成了前面的部分。

［造句］他已经实现了他3年前的奋斗目标。

Hehasachievedwhathesetouttodo3yearsago.

［知识拓展］

setoff出发，动身；使爆炸；引起，激发

setaboutdoingsth.=setouttodosth.

开始/着手做某事

set...aside把……放到一旁；省出，留出（钱或时间）

setdown写下，记下；制定；规定

setup建立，创立；建起，竖起

setsail启航

setsailfor启航前往...

setsailfrom从……启航

［即学即练］单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换

①Theluxuryliner（豪华客轮）TitanicsetsailforthewestcoastoftheAtlanticin

cheers,buteventuallyendeduponthebottomoftheocean.

②RalphW.Emersonwouldalwayssetdownnewideasthatoccurredtohim.

③Thepolicesetouttorescue（rescue）thepeopleburiedintheruins.

④Theshipwillsetsail（启航）atonceanditsdestinationisParis.

（§）1wantedtosetoff/setout（出发）earlyinordertoavoidthetraffic.

⑥Wesetaboutpreparingfor（开始准备）thepartyoneweekago.

⑦Ourteachersadvisesettingaside（省出来）acertainhoureachdayforreading.

⑧Onarrivinghome,Isetaboutdoingmyhomework.

fOnarrivinghome,Isetouttodomyhomework.

知识要点3ifany如果有的话

［教材P56］Today,some500yearsaftertheEsmeraldasetsail,thereislittle

—ifany-landonourplanetleftunexplored.

今天，在“埃斯梅拉达号”启航大约500年后，我们的星球上几乎没有未经

探索的陆地了。

［例1］Whatonequality,ifany,doyoulikethemostaboutyourpartner?

你最喜欢你伴侣的哪一点，假如有的话？

［例2］Problems,ifany,shouldbesolvedwithoutdelay.

有问题要及时解决。

［造句］就算有困难，也不会太大。

Therewon'tbemuchdifficulty,ifany.

［知识拓展］

ifpossible如果可能的话

ifnecessary如果必要的话

ifso如果是这样的话

ifever如果曾经有的话

ifnot不这样的话

［即学即练］单句语法填空

①Ithinkthereisatrainatmidday.Ifnot,youwillhavetowaittill5pm.

②Itissaidthatshewasadmittedtoafamousuniversityin2018.Ifso,Iamreally

proudofher.

知识要点4Heo.躺；平躺；平卧；平放；处于，保留，保持（某种状态）几

谎言；位置

［教材P56］Fragmentsofthepastlyingdeepbeneaththeoceansarestillwaiting

tobediscovered.

过去的碎片深埋在海底，仍等待着被发现。

［例1］Ishouldliedownforabit,ifIwereyou.

如果我是你，我就会躺一*会儿。

［例2］Whydon'tyougoupstairsandliedownforabit?

你为什么不上楼去躺一会儿呢？

［造句］他正躺在树荫下，想着下一步做什么。

Hewaslyingintheshadeofatree,thinkingwhattodonext.

［知识拓展］

(l)tellalie/lies说谎；撒谎

awhitelie善意的谎言

(2)lietosb.对某人撒谎

liein在于，位于

liedown躺下

lieonone'sback/side/stomach仰卧/侧卧/俯卧

(3)liarn.说谎者

［明辨异同］lie/Iay

词义原形词性过去式过去分词现在分词

说谎lievi.liedliedlying

躺；位于lievi.laylainlying

放置；下蛋layvt.laidlaidlaying

［即学即练］单句语法填空

①Isawthereweretwoinstructorsonboardandamanlying(lie)acrossthe

middle.

②Don'ttellalie(lie)anymore,ormostpeoplewilllosefaithinyou.

(3)Infact,thekeytoeasymorningwake-upliesinresettingyourbodyclock.

④Theboylyinginthebedliedthathehadlaidthebookonthebookshelf,butin

facthekeptitforhimself.(lie/lay)

知识要点5imaginev.想象；认为

［教材P57］Imaginebone-whitecoral6,000metresbelowtheocean'ssurface,

growingattherateofonlyoneortwomillimetresperyear.

想象一下，在海平面以下6,000米处的白骨珊瑚，以每年只有一两毫米的

速度生长。

［例1］Hecouldnotimagineamorepeacefulscene.

他想象不出比这更祥和的景象。

［例2］Shecouldn'timaginelivinginaplacelikethat.

她无法想象住在那样一个地方。

［造句］你能想象生活中没有电是什么样的情景吗？

Canyouimaginewhatitwouldbeliketolivewithoutelectricity?

［知识拓展］

(1)imagine(sb./sb/s)doingsth.想象（某人）做某事

imaginesb./sth.as/tobe...把某人/物想象成……

imagine+从句想象...

(2)imaginationn.想象；想象力

beyondimagination超乎想象，出乎意料

(3)imaginativeadj.富有想象力的

［即学即练］单句语法填空/句型转换

①Canyouimaginethemanliving(live)onalonelyislandforthreeyears?

②Ineverknewmygrandmother,butIalwaysimagineherasakindandgentle

person.

(3)Thestudentwouldtellsomethingwildlyimaginative(imagine)flyinginthe

skyorinatimemachineorgrowingthreeheads.

④Ididnotimagineitwouldbesodifficult.

fitwassodifficultthatitwasbeyondmyimagination.

口凰读技能Q

篇章结构题

此类题目能全面地、深层次地考查考生的阅读理解能力。

解题技巧——把脉络看结构

篇章结构题主要是针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的展开层次所设置

的问题。高考对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次：一是按段落的组织方法理解

文章的结构；二是按写作手法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。设问形式常有:

(l)Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?

(2)Whichofthefollowingshowstheorganization/structureofthe(whole)

passage?

因此这类题的解题方法也分为两种：

法

广I时间顺序I

上空间顺序!

*例证关系I

U对比或类比关系］

注意:

1.文章的段落组织通常采用“总一分；分—总；总—分—总”的框架。

2.内容的展开则常用以下手法：

(1)时间顺序：按时间先后顺序说明某一事物的发展情况。

(2)空间顺序：按照事物的空间结构顺序进行描写或说明。

(3)例证关系：所列举的事物用来论证观点，通常是数据、事例等。

(4)对比或类比关系：这类文章通常以对比各事物之间的共同点或差异为主。

［典例］

Careersinzoologyareextremelyvariedandunique,andcanprovideincredible

learningandworkopportunitiesforanyonedevotedtoanimalstudiesand

welfare.Zoology,orthestudyofanimals,isawidefieldwithmanyspecialties,

includingresearch,conservation,veterinary(兽医的)medicine,andthecareof

animals.Forpeoplewithaloveofanimalsandsometraining,dreamsofcareersin

zoologymaycometrue.

Somecareersinzoologyfocusonresearchandscientificstudies.Thesecareers

mayallowthosewithagoodtheoreticalsciencebackgroundtodevelopandrun

studiesthatimprovehumanunderstandingoftheanimalworld.Researchinzoology

canhelpcreatesaferandmoreeffectiveproductsforanimalsorcanteachhumans

moreaboutanimalbehaviorinordertoaidinconservation,breedingprograms,and

habitatpreservation.

Careersinzoologythatfocusonconservationattachgreatimportancetothe

continuedsurvivalandincreasedprotectionofanimalspecies.Conservationistsmay

workwithpoliticalgroupsorgovernmentstohelpmakelawstoprotectandpreserve

animals,ormayworkinthefieldgatheringinformationonpotentialthreatstothe

healthofglobalecosystems.Someconservationistsworkineducationalfields,trying

toimprovehumaneffortstosaveanimalsfromextinction.

Animalsaresubjecttoillnessandinjury,andsomecareersinzoologyhelpto

createasafe,stableanimalpopulation.Veterinarymedicineisanimportantspecialty

field,andmaytakeseveralyearsofintensivetrainingtoqualifyasacertified

veterinarian.Whilemanyveterinariansfocusonthesmall-animalpracticeofdomestic

pets,vetsinruralareasoftenworkwithlargefarmanimalsandmoreadventurous

veterinariansmayworkwithexoticspeciesinzoosandwildlifepreserves.

Humanslovetoobserveanimals,andmodem-dayzoosandwildlifepreserves

helpmeetthatinterestwhileprovidingfacilitiestoassistwithconservation

programs.Zoologycareersinzooscanrangefromoverseeingbreedingprograms,to

creatingtheproperdietforadeer,ortocleaningthetiger'scage.Manyvolunteerand

entry-leveljobsareavailableforpeoplethatloveanimals.

★Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholepassage?

(Pl=Paragraph1；P2=Paragraph2；P3=Paragraph3；P4=::Paragraph4；P5

=Paragraph5)

A［通读全文，把握各段大意可知：第一段介绍了动物学方面的职业是多样

而独特的，是总述。第二段从研究方面介绍；第三段介绍了自然保护的动物学工

作；第四段是兽医学可以保护动物健康的介绍；第五段讲述了现代的动物园和野

生动物保护区既有助于满足人们的兴趣，又提供了一些设施来帮助保护动物。分

析每一段的关系发现：后面四个段落从不同的角度对第一段进行了分述，所以这

篇文章是“总一分”结构，A项图例符合文章结构。故选A。］

［对点训练］

A

Antarcticanimalsareexposedtosomeofthecoldestenvironmentson

earth.Animalssurviveinthesesevereconditionsbyreducingthepercentageofbody

heatthatislosttotheenvironment.

ManyAntarcticanimalshaveeitherawindprooforwaterproofcoat.Emperor

penguinsareaverygoodexampleofthis.Thesebirdshavefourlayersofscale-like

feathers.Theselayersoverlapeachother,foiuiingagoodprotectionfromthewind,

eveninsnowstormconditions.

Whales,sealsandsomepenguinshavethickfatlayers.Thisisalittlelike

coveringyourselfinablanket,butontheinside.Insomeanimalsthisisevenfurther

improved,withtheanimalsselectivelyabletoreducethebloodflowtothefat

layers.Thefurtherthebloodisfromtheskinsurface,thelesstheheatislost.Fatlayers

canalsobeusedasenergyreserves,forexample,maleelephantsealscanliveofftheir

fatreservesduringsummer.

Theterm“extremities“isusedtomeananybodypartthatisfurthestawayfrom

themainbody.Inhumans,ourhandsandfeetcountas“extremities”.Theseareoften

thefirstplacestofeelcoldinwinter.Thesameappliestoanimals.Emperorpenguins

haveverysmallbills（喙）andfeet,whichmeanslessbloodisrequiredtotheseareas.

Emperorpenguinsarehighlyadaptedtocoldenvironments一andastheonly

warm-bloodedanimalthatproducesyoungpenguinsduringtheAntarcticwinter,they

needtobe.Inadditiontotheadaptationdescribedabove,emperorpenguinsalsohave

noseswhichrecovermuchoftheheatlostthroughbreathing.

Aswiththephysicalmeans,emperorpenguinshaveuniquebehavioral

adaptationthatenablesthemtosurvivetheunkindwinter.Emperorpenguinsform

largehuddles（挤在一起的一群人或东西）.Notonlydoesthissharebodywarmth,

butitalsosheltersmanyofthepenguinsfromtheeffectsofthewind.Huddlingcan

reduceheatlossbyupto50%.

★Whichshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?

I：IntroductionP：Point

Sp：Sub-point(次要点)C：Conclusion

B［篇章结构题。第一段是文章的主旨段并引出下文(Introduction),南极动

物通过减少身体热量损失在严寒中生存。下文分为两个要点，即身体上的适应手

段physicaladaptation(Point1)和行为上的适应手段behavioraladaptation(Point2)。

第二至五段是Point1的四个次要点，介绍四种身体上的适应手段---windproof

orwaterproofcoats,thickfatlayers,smallextremities,emperorpenguins1noses;

第六段就是Point2。故选B项。］

B

Thereisalwaysnolackofordinarypeopletakingactionforextraordinary

change.AghanOscarisjustamongthem.Thirteenyearsago,Aghan,botheredbythe

ever-increasingquantityofplasticwasteinthislow-incomesuburbofNairobi,

decidedtofindawaytorecycleit.

Nowhiscompany,ContinentalRenewableEnergyCo.Ltd(COREC),produces

polesforuseinconstruction,farmingandroadsigns.Sofarhehassold96,000,and

hesayshispotentialforgrowthislimitedonlybytheconsiderableexpenseofsetting

upplasticrecyclingplants.

MostofAghan'scustomersarefarmersanddeveloperswhoonceusedwooden

fencepoles.Customerssaytheyhaveotherbenefitsaswell."Ihavefencedmypiece

oflandthreetimesusingwoodposts,butmostofthetimethefencewas

vandalized（故意破坏）byvillagerswhousedthepostsasfirewood,vsaidCaleb

Kapten."Nowplasticpostshavestoppedtheproblem"，hesaid.

TheKenyaNationalHighwaysAuthorityisoneofCOREC*sbiggest

customers.ltapproachedthecompanyafterroadsignswerevandalizedbycriminals

whosoldthemetalpolestosteelmanufacturingcompanies.Aghanreckons（估计）that

COREC'sproductshavesavedthegovernmentmillionsofshillings，besides

preventingroadaccidents.AndhealsopointsoutthatCOREChasbeenableto

conservelargenumbersoftreesbyproducingplasticpoles.

WhenAghanstartedthisrecyclingbusinessin2003,mostofhisemployeeswere

hisfamilymembersduetofinancialconstraints（限制）.Nowheemploys250young

peopletocollectplasticwaste.Fiftymoreyouthsworkontheproductionline,where

thewasteissortedaccordingtoqualitybeforebeingcrushedandwashed,meltedand

castintodifferentshapes.Thepolesarethenarrangedbyshapeandsizeforsaleinthe

yardoftherecyclingplant.

★Whichbestshowsthestructureofthetext?

D[篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段属于主旨段，引出本文的话题；第

二段讲的是Aghan创办了自己的公司，生产用于建筑、农业和路标的塑料杆儿；

第三段和第四段分别介绍塑料杆儿在农业和交通领域的应用，属于对第二段内容

的扩展；第五段主要介绍这种塑料杆儿的生产过程，与第二段是并列关系。故选

Do]

教学。知识细解码Focusesonlanguagepoints

L词汇派生」

1.civilisev.文明化；教化fcivilisation文明fciviliseda力•.文明的

2.ruinn.残垣断壁，废墟fruinous〃力.毁灭性的fruinouslya而毁灭地

3.dismissv.拒绝考虑，否定fdismissal摒弃；不予考虑一dismissive〃力.

轻蔑的

4.abandonv.离弃，逃离一abandoned。的’.被离弃的；被遗弃的fabandonment

n.离弃；遗弃

匚词多义」

1.buryp.将……埋在下面，覆盖；埋葬，安葬，丧失；掩藏（感情等）；使

陷入，把...插入

①Thehousewasburiedundertenfeetofsnow.覆盖

②She's85andhasburiedthreehusbands.丧失

（3）Hehadlearnttoburyhisfeelings.掩藏

©Hewalkedslowly,hishandsburiedinhispockets.插入

2.abandons离弃,逃离；遗弃，抛弃；舍弃；中止；放弃（信念等）

①Hegavetheordertoabandontheship.舍弃

②Theyabandonedthematchbecauseofrain,中止

©Criticsaccusedhimofabandoninghisprinciples.放弃

④Thisisababyabandonedbyitsparents.遗弃

」要点直击

WordsandPhrases

知识要点1correspondv.相一致；符合；类似于；相当于；通信

[教材P50]Throughcomparison,hefoundthatthelocationsofthe117known

Mayacitiescorrespondtothepositionsofthestars.

通过比较，他发现117个已知玛雅城市的位置与恒星的位置相对应。

[4列1]Youraccountoftheeventdoesnotcorrespondwith/tohers.

你对事情的陈述与她说的不相符。

[例2]ThetwomapsofLondoncorrespondclosely.

这两张伦敦的地图很相似。

[造句]他的行为与观点不一致。

Hisactionsdonotcorrespondwith/tohisideas.

［知识拓展］

(1)correspondwith/to与相一致；符合

correspondwith与通信

(2)correspondingadj.相应的，相关联的

［即学即练］单句语法填空

①Thetranslationdoesnotquitecorrespondto/withtheoriginal.

②YouwillallowmetoconsiderthatIcorrespondwithhimthroughyou.

(3)MarchandAprilsalesthisyearwereup8percentonthe

correspondjng(con*espond)periodoflastyear.

知识要点2buryQ埋住；把(某物)掩藏在地下，埋藏；掩盖，遮盖

［教材P50］Basedonthis,hebelievedhehadspottedanunknownMayacity

burieddeepinthejungle.

基于此，他相信他发现了一个埋在丛林深处的未知的玛雅城市。

［例1］Thepirateswouldoftenburygoldinthecaveandthenfailtocollectit.

海盗们过去常把金子埋藏在那个洞里，可后来却没能取走。

［例2］He'dhadtoburyhispainovertheyears.

他不得不将痛苦掩藏多年。

［造句］狗把骨头埋在花园里。

Thedogburieditsboneinthegarden.

［知识拓展］

(1)buryone'shead/faceinone'shands用手捂住头/脸

buryoneselfin=beburiedin埋头于；专心于

(2)beburiedinthought沉思

［即学即练］单句语法填空

(DBuried(bury)inhisstudy,hewasn*tawarethatalltheothershadleft.

©Burying(bury)hisfaceinhishands,hetriedtocontrolhisweeping.

［小片段填空］

Thegirlwassittingonthebenchinthepark,buryingherheadinherhands.So

shedidnotnoticethethiefwhostoodbesideherwithhishandsburiedinthepockets

ofhisdarkovercoat.

知识要点3apply况.申请；适用；请求”申请；应用

［教材P50］TheyappliedthisunderstandingtotheMayacalendar,whichwas

accuratetowithin30secondsperyear.

他们把这种理解应用到玛雅历法中，精确到每年30秒以内。

［例1］Thenewtechnologywasappliedtofarming.

这项新技术被应用于农业。

［例2］Weshouldtrytolearneconomictheoryandapplyit.

我们应努力学习经济理论并能应用。

［造句］这个规则并不能适用于所有的情况。

Youcannotapplythisruletoeverycase.

［知识拓展］

(l)apply(to...)for（向……）申请

applytodosth.申请去做某事

applyto适用于（to为介词）

apply...to...把……应用于……

applyoneselfto致力于，集中精力于

(2)applicationn.请求；申请，申请表；应用

applicantn.申请人

［即学即练］单句语法填空

①Weshouldapplywhatwelearnttotheconstructionofourcountry.

②Whenthetimecametomakethefinaldecisionfbracourse,Idecidedtoapply

fortheonethatreflectedmyinterest.

③Tomydelight,Iwaschosenfromhundredsofapplicants(applicant)toattend

theopeningceremony.

©Eventually,however,Iwonthesupportofmyfamily,andIsentinallthe

paperworkneededfortheapplication(apply).

［小片段填空］

Sincelastyear,Ihavebeenapplyingmyselftostudying(study)thelatest

technologyaboutplanting.!thinkthatweshouldnotonlyknowthetheorybutalso

howtoapplyittopractice.Thesenewtechnology,ifapplied(apply)tofarming,will

helpincreasethegrainoutput.Ihaveappliedforafull-timejobinthevillage.lbmy

delight,Iwaschosenfromhundredsofapplicants(apply).

知识要点4decline加.下降；衰弱，衰退；谢绝，婉言拒绝

［教材P51］Yet,withinjustacoupleofgenerations,itbegantomysteriously

decline.

然而，仅仅几代人之后，它就开始神秘地衰落。

H列1］TheeconomycontinuedtoexhibitsignsofdeclineinSeptember.

9月份，经济继续呈现出衰退的迹象。

［4列2］Thisdeclineinvigourwiththepassingoftimeiscalledageing.

这种随着时间流逝的活力衰退就叫作衰老。

［造句］他的健康状况最近开始恶化。

Hishealthhasbeguntodeclinerecently.

［知识拓展］

(l)adeclinein...在……（方面）的下降

indecline=onthedecline处于衰退中，下降

(2)declinetodosth.拒绝做某事

declineby/to...下降了/下降到……

「即学即练］单句语法填空

①Idon'tknowwhytheboydeclinedtoanswer(answer)aquestion.

②Thenumberofpeoplewhoruntheredlighthasbeenonthedeclinesincethe

newtrafficregulationscameintoeffect.

③Thenumberoftouriststotheresortdeclinedby10%lastyearto5million.

［小片段填空］

Withhisbonusonthedecline,hedecidedtostayathomeanddeclinedto

have(have)aholiday.

知识要点5claimv.声称；断言；要求(拥有)；索取；认领n.声明；宣

称；断言；(尤指对财产、土地等要求拥有的)所有权；(尤指向公司、政府等)索

款,索赔

［教材P51］WhenEuropeansarrivedinCentralAmericaintheearly