现代大学英语精读Lesson-One-Half-a-Day原文及翻译8

现代大学英语精读Lesson-One-Half-a-Day原文及翻译

12课时章

节UnitOneHalfaDay教学目的和教学要求目标：1.

Cultivatingstudents’

abilitiesofindependentstudyandoralpresentation;2.

Masteringthementioned

languagepointsandthegrammarmentionedinthetext;3.

Knowingsomethingabout

culturalbackgroundsuchastheauthorandWashingtonIrving要求：master

thekeywordsandexpressions;understandingtheuseofinfiniteverbs教学重点难

点重点：wordformation:-tion/-ation/-sion;thestructure:with+n.

/pron.+V-ing难点：themeanalysis;v-ing/v-edastheadverbialandattributive教学进程（含章节教学内容、学时分配、教学方法、辅助手段）教学方法：Multi-media

teachingandinter-activediscussion

教学安排：1.

Totalclasstimeforthisunit:12periods2.

Suggested

arrangement:1)

Warm-upactivityandbackgroundinformation:1period2)

Wordstudy:1period3)

Checkofthepreparationofthetext:1period4)

Textanalysis&oralwork:

7periods5)

Exercises&quiz:2periods具体授课内容A.Beginningthelessonwithasking

thestudentsabouttheirfirstdayatcollege:(1)Wasithardforyoutoleavehomeforthefirst

timeinyourlife?Whowenttoseeyouoffattherailwaystation?Whocame

toschoolwithyou?Whatdidhe/shesaytoyouontheday?(2)Whatdoyouthinkisthebusinessof

university?Whatdoyouexpecttolearnhere?(3)Didyoufeelyouwereastrangerthe

firstdayyouarrived?(4)Didyoufindtheuniversityjustasyouhad

imagined?Inwhatwayitwas,andinwhatwayitwasn’t?(Wereyou

disappointedwhenyoufounditwasn’tasgoodasyouhadexpected?)(5)Doyoufindlifeatcollegerichand

colorfulortediousandboring?(6)Doyouhavetroubleadjustingtolife

here?(7)Whatdoyouthinkyoushoulddoto

getmostoutofcollege?B.

IntroductiontothetextTheauthorofthestoryusesastrategycommonlyusedinfiction

writing--the

protagonist

(formal,

themostimportant

characterinaplay,film.)returnsafterbeingabsentforashorttime

tofindeverythingchangedbeyondrecognition.Thesettingofthestoryisnotclear,butthisisnotimportant

aslongaswhattheauthortriestogetacrossissomethinguniversal.TextStructure:

Thetext

canbedividedintothreeparts.Thefirstpart(para.1-7)tellsreadersthe

boy’smisgivingsaboutschool.Hefoundithardtobeawayfromhomeandmom,

andthoughtschoolwasapunishment.Thesecondpart(para.8-16)describes

howtheboyfeltaboutschool.Hefoundthatlifeatschoolwasrichand

colorfulinmanyways,althoughitalsorequireddisciplineandhardwork.In

thelastpartofthetext,theboywalkedoutoftheschooltofindthatthe

outsideworldhadchangedbeyondmeasureandthathehadgrownintoanold

man.

C

Difficultpoints1.

theusageofv-ingandv-ed;…clutchinghis

righthand(Para.1);followedbyagroupofman(Para.11);streetlined

withgardens(Para.2)2.

thecompoundofadjectivesandtheorderofadjectives…thehuge,

high-walledbuilding(Para.5)DKeypoints

1.

wordformation:verb→nouns:verb+-tion/-ation/-sion

adjective→adverb:adj.+ly2.subject-predicateinversion

3.

usageofthesimplepastandthepastperfectE.LanguagePoints:1.

Iwalkedalongsidemyfather,

clutchinghisrighthand.(1

)a.

clutchinghisrighthand:

Thisispresentparticiple(verb+ing)

usedtomodifythemainverb“walked”,showingthemannerinwhichthe

narratorwalked.Besides,

itcanalsoindicatethefollowingsuchastime,reason,condition,

concession,result,mannerandaccompany.Hearingthenews

(=Whenweheardthenews),we

jumpedwithjoy.（time）

Notknowing

(=Becausehedidn'tknow)

howtodoit,

hewenttohisfatherforhelp.（reason）

Looking(=Ifyoulook)

outofthewindow,youcanhaveafullviewofthe

beach.（condition）

Workingorplaying(=Whethersheisworking

orplaying),Maryisalwaysintense.（concession）

Thecarwasheldupbythesnowstorm,

thuscausing

thedelay.（result）

Thechildrenrushedout,

shoutingandjumping.（mannerandaccompany）

Otherexamplesfromthetext:Mymother

stoodatthewindow

watchingourprogress…

(para.2)Iturned

towardsherfromtimetotime,

hopingshewouldhelp.(para.2)“I’mnot

punishingyou,”hesaid,

laughing.(para.4)Thebell

rang,

announcingthepassingofthedayandtheendofwork.

(para.17)

b.

When/Whileetc.+V-ing作状语时，前面往往带有when,

while,before,after,since,if,asif,(al)though,unless,as等连词，使分词表示的意义更加明确，这实际上是一个省略了“主语

+be的人称变化形式”的句子,省略的主语和主句的主语一致，如：

e.g.

Whilereading(=WhileIwasreading)

hiscomposition,Inoticedsomemistakes.c.

amodifierofanoun,

indicatingthefeaturesorconditionsofthenoun.

e.g.workingpeople

（劳动人民）

touchingstory

（动人的故事）

sleepingchild

（酣睡的小孩）

strikingcontrast

（鲜明的对比）

hiredhands

（雇来的人手）

armedforces

（武装部队）

Theproblem

(whichis)botheringus

is

thelackofmoney.

Thesearegoods

(whichwere)importedfromJapan.thedifferencebetweenthepresent

participleandgerund(动名词)

p.p

:thefeaturesorconditionsofthenoun===an

attributiveclause

gerund：theuse/purposeofthenoun(名词的用途)e.g.adevelopingcountry(acountry

thatisdeveloping)(PresentParticiple)awritingdesk(adeskfor

writing)(Gerund)

d.asthecomplementoftheobjectafterthe

followingverbs:

see,hear,notice,

lookat,watch,find,smell,feel,catch,keep,set,

have,make,leave,start

e.g.

Iheardher

singinginthenextroom.e.

asthecomplementofthe

subject,

whichoftenappearsin

thepassivetense.

e.g.

The

prisonerswerewatched

workinginthefield.f.asthe

complementofprep.,usuallyin“with+n.(pron.)+v-ing”

：inthisstructure,“wit＋n.（pron.）＋v-ing”，v-ingisthecomplementoftheobjectof

with,whilethewhole“with”structureistheadverbialofthemain

sentencee.gYoucan'tleavetheworkshop

withthemachinerunning.

IsawGrannysittinginthechair

withhereyes

closed.

Withthetestfinished,

webegantoanalyze

theresult.2.…asthiswasthedayIwasto

be

throwninto

schoolforthefirsttime.(1)

…

becauseitwasthedayIstartedschool.Thewriteruses“tobethrownintoschool”toshowthatthelittle

boyinthestorydidn’twanttogotoschool.Hewasforcedbyhisfatherto

doso.Acommoncollocationwith“tobethrowninto(anunpleasantplace)”is

tobethrownintoprison/jail”.Cf.tothrownsb.out(ofaplace):

to

forcesb.toleaveaplace,eg.They’llthrowmeout(ofschool)ifIfailthreeexams.3.Mymotherstoodatthewindow

watching

ourprogress,andIturnedtowardsher

fromtimetotime,

hopingshewouldhelp.

(2)our

progress:

ourslowanddifficultmovementtowards

theschool.(mymotherwasanxioustoknowhowmyfatherwouldgetmetogo.

)fromtime

totime:

sometimes,butnotveryoften,e.g.Hegoesto

seehisgrandparentsfromtimetotime,aboutfiveorsixtimesayear.hopingshe

wouldhelp:

hopingshewouldstopmyfather

takingmetoschool,ortalktomyfathersothathewouldchangehismind

aboutsendingmetoschool.Question:

Whatdoesthesentencetellusabouttheboy’srelationswithhis

parents?

Itseemsthattheboywasclosertohis

mother.Probablyhismotherwasgentlewhilehisfatherwasstrict.4.astreet

linedwith

gardens…

(2):astreetwherethereare

gardens…alongbothsideslinedwith…:

pastparticiplephrase

usedheretomodify“astreet”.Itcanberegardedasarelativeclausecut

short,e.g.anovel(thatwas)writtenbyCharlesDickens.personalcomputersmadeinChina★

V-ed(pastparticiple)hasthe

similaruseswithv-ing.

Thedifferencebetweenv-edandv-ing:v-ed:passiveorperfective;

v-ing:activeorprogressivee.g.

hiredhands

（雇来的人手）Thesearegoods

(whichwere)importedfromJapan.Hewassurprisedtofindhisroom

thoroughlycleaned(o.c.)Myhometownwasfound

greatlychanged.(s.c).Withthetest

finished,

webegan

toanalyzetheresult.

(with+n./pron.+V-ed)

5.It’s

aplacethat

makesusefulmenoutofboys.

(4)Tomake…(out)ofsb./sth.:tomakesb.

/sth.become…,e.g.Thearmymadeamanofhim.6.Don’tyouwanttobeusefullike

yourbrother?(4)Thisisalsoarhetoricalquestion.Moreexamples:Can’tyouseeI’mbusy?(Don’tdisturbme!)7．Ididnotbelieve

therewasreallyanygoodtobe

hadin

tearing

meaway

frommyhomeandthrowingmeintothehuge,high-walledbuilding

(5):

Ididn’tthinkitusefultotakemeaway

fromhomeandputmeintothatbuildingwithhighwalls.(theschoolbuilding

lookedlikeaprisontotheboy.)Itisno

good/usedoingsth.orthereisnogoodtobehadindoingsth.:

itisnotusefultodosth.More

examples:It’snogood

cryingoverspiltmilk.(proverb)It’snouse

talkingtohim.totear

oneself/sb.awayfrom…:

to(makesb.)leavea

placeorapersonunwillinglybecauseonehasto,e.g.Can’tyou

tearyourselfawayformtheTVfordinner?8.…wecouldseethecourtyard,vast

and

fullof

boysandgirls.(6)vastand

fullofboysandgirls:

adjectivephrasesare

oftenplacedafterthenountheyqualify.Example:Canyou

recommendsomebookseasyforfreshmentoread?fullof:

havingalargenumber/amountofsth.,e.g.Thegirlsare

fullofadmirationforpopstars.9.Bea

man,”

hesaid.“Today

youtrulybeginlife.”(7):

“Bebrave,”hesaid.

“yourlifebeginstoday.”(Thismeansthatyourcarefreedaysaregone

forever.Startingfromtoday,you’vegotsomethingimportanttodo–tolearn

andtoprepareyourselfforyourcareer.)man:

apersonwhoisstrongandbraveorhasotherqualitiesthat

peoplethinkarecharacteristicofmales.Cf.tobe

manenough(todosth./forsth.):

tobestrongor

braveenough,e.g.Heisnotman

enoughtoaccepthisfailuresgracefully.10.IfeltIwasastranger

whohad

losthisway

(8)

:Inthis

strangeplace,Ifeltconfusedanddidn’tknowwhattodo.toloseone’sway:

tobecomelost,

e.g.

Theboyslosttheirwayintheforest.11.Aladycamealong,

followedbya

groupofmen.

(11)Probablythe

ladywastheheadmasteroftheschool.followedby

agroupofmen:

apastparticiplephrasethat

tellsustheladycame(orinwhatmannertheladycame.)12.Itwasnotall

a

matterof

playingand

foolingaround

(15):

Whatwedidatschoolwasn’tjustplayingandwastingtimedoing

nothinguseful.all:

adv.completelyamatterofsth./ofdoingsth.:

a

situationthatinvolvessth.ordependsonsth.,e.g.Learningisamatterofseeingmuch,sufferingmuchandstudying

much.tofoolaround:

towastetimeinstead

ofdoingsth.thatyoushouldbedoing12.

Rivalriescould

bringabout

painandhatred,or

giveriseto

fighting.(15):Whentwoor

moreboysfellinlovewiththesamegirl,itmightcausetheboystosuffer,

ortohateeachother,ortofight.tobring

aboutsth.:

tomakesth.happen,e.g.Sciencehas

broughtaboutmanychangesinourlives.Thewar

broughtaboutgreathumansufferings.togive

riseto:

(formal)tocausesth.tohappenor

exist,e.g.Poorliving

conditionsgiverisetomanydiseases.13.And

while

thelady

would

sometimessmile,shewouldoftenyellandscold.(15):

Thoughtheladysometimessmiledatus,sheoftenshoutedatus

andscoldedus.“would”

hereisusedtoshowthatapastactionoccursprettyoften.“while”here

isaconjunctionofconcession.Further

examples:WhileIdid

wellinclass,Iwaspooratsports.WhileI

understandwhatyousay,Ican’tagreewithyou.Moreover,while:

a.duringthetime

that;when

e.g.Hefellasleepwhile

(hewas)doinghishomework.

b.atthesametimease.g.Helistenstotheradiowhiledrivingtowork.

c.usedtoshowacontraste.g.Idrinkblackcoffeewhileheprefersitwithcream.14.Evenmorefrequentlyshe

would

resortto

physicalpunishment(15):

sheusedphysicalpunishmentmorethanshescoldedus.toresorttosth.:

tomakeuseof

sth.;toturntosth.(especiallysth.bad)asasolution,e.g.Trynottoresorttoviolence.15.Inaddition,thetimefor

changingone’smindwas

overandgone

andtherewas

noquestionof

everreturningtotheparadiseofhome(16

)

:Besides,itwasimpossibleforustoquit

schoolandreturntothegoodolddayswhenwestayedhomeplayingand

foolingaroundallday.Ourchildhoodwasgone,nevertocomeback.overandgone:

endedthereisnoquestion(ofsth.happening/sb.doingsth.):

thereisnopossibility,e.g.Thereisnoquestionoftheir

dismissingyouatthemoment.16.Thosewho

wereable

tookadvantageof

theopportunitiesforsuccessand

happinessthat

presentedthemselves.(16):

Iftherecameopportunities,capable

studentswouldseizethemtoachievesuccessandhappiness.totakeadvantageofsth.:

tomakeuseofsth.(suchasan

opportunity)well,e.g.Thefarmertookadvantageofthe

goodweatherandgotallthewheatin.Warning:“totakeadvantageofsb.”means“totreat

sb.unfairlytogetwhatonewants.”topresentitself/themselves:

(formal)toappear,happen,e.g.WhenthechancetostudyatHarvardpresenteditself,

Ijumpedatit.17.…

cametoastartledhalt

(17):

(

I

)stopped,greatlysurprised.totometo