届牛津英语第二轮复习信息的表述

第24讲信息的表述

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本文着重讲述了美国的政府特许学校(charterschool)的相关情况：它的定义、与传统学校对比之异同以及存在的问题等。

71.Charterschools直接题。综合全文可以得出。思路点拨72.Definition/Meaning概括题。思路点拨73.Receivingtaxmoney改写题。根据第三段“Itreceivestaxmoneytooperateanumberofstudents.”可得出。思路点拨74.agreement(orcharter)

直接题。根据第三段“Thesegovernmentsprovidetheschoolwiththeagreement,orcharterthatpermitsittooperate.”可判断。思路点拨75.Differences

概括题。对比上面similarities可得。思路点拨76.teachingcontents改写题。根据第四段“Local,stateorfederalgovernmentscannottellitwhattoteach.”可判断。思路点拨77.howtoreach/waystoreach/waysofreaching

改写题。根据第五段“Eachschoolcanchooseitsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantstoreachthosegoals.”可判断。思路点拨78.fewer改写题。根据第五段“Classsizesareusuallysmallerthaninmanytraditionalpublicschools.”可判断。思路点拨79．traditionalpublicschools直接题。由倒数第二段“Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadlyneededbytraditionalpublicschools.”可判断。思路点拨80.(needed)space直接题。根据最后一段“Manyalsolackneededspace.”可判断。思路点拨

理解是前提，而表述是目的和归宿。要正确、有效地表述信息要注意以下几点：

一、注意文字的简洁性有以下几个规律可循：

(1)用名词所有格形式“'s”代替介词of。

(2)词性转换。(3)句子结构转换。主要通过加工压缩信息抓住要点。言简意赅，击中要害。因此怎样加工压缩信息就成了广大考生必备的一种技能。阅读填空题要掌握以下几种技能：①词形转换的能力。主要是看其前后的动词形式再作确认。如果前后都是动词原形那就不变；如果前后是v.­ing形式，那就要随其变形。

②删减多余词汇的能力。一般主要是删去不影响主要意思表达的修饰词汇。如形容词、副词、冠词等等。③以群体代替个体。如有的将a/an

＋n.变为其对应的复数形式。④原意改换能力。可以用同义或近义词代替；或用反义词或派生词改换；或用从句改写；或用意思接近的名词短语代替原句较长的句子。同义、近义词归纳1.runout(of)—lack—useup—giveout用光，用尽2.takeplaceof—replace代替，替代3.nomatterwhat—whatever不管什么4.international—worldwide—global—universal—throughouttheworld—allovertheworld全世界5.comeintobeing—comeintoexistence—appear形成，源于6.inthecountryside—inruralareas在乡下inthecity—inurbanareas在城里7.besides—aswellas—what'smore—apartfrom—inaddition而且，除了8.split—breaksth.apart—destroy—damage撕裂，毁坏9.comeout—publish出版，发行10.remove—getridof拆除，移走11.immediately—directly—instantly—secondly—themoment—theminute—upon/ondoing—assoonas一……就……12.solutionstodosth.—waystodosth./waysofdoingsth.—approachestodosth.做某事的方法13.everyyear—yearly—annual每年，年年14.makesb.havetheabilitytodosth.—enablesb.todosth.使某人能够做某事15.agrowingnumber—anincreasingnumber越来越多16.workoutaplan—makeaplan制订计划17.likesth.better—prefer更喜欢18.makesth.better—improve使某物变好19.taketheadvantageof—makefull/gooduseof充分利用20.beawareof—know—realize—becomeconsciousof知道，意识到21.believein—trust—havefaith/trustin相信，信任22.giveup—abandon—stop—quit放弃23.gotoaforeigncountry—goabroad出国24.benotpresentat—beabsentfrom缺席25.bepresentat—attend出席，参加26.takein—absorb吸收27.speedup—quicken—accelerate加速28.occasionally—accidentally—incidentally—onceinawhile偶尔29.accomplish—complete—getthrough完成30.becauseof—dueto—onaccountof—owingto—thanksto因为，由于31.occupy—accountfor—makeup构成，占32.accuseof—chargewith控告33.lookupto—admire—showrespectfor钦佩，仰慕34.grown­up—adult成人(的)35.moveforward—advance前进36.haveaneffect/influenceon—affect影响37.lateron—afterwards之后38.beafraidof—bescaredof—beterrifiedat—fear—befrightened害怕39.disapproveof—oppose—objectto—disagreeto—beagainst反对40.byoneself—alone独自地41.loseone'stemper—getangry/annoyed发怒42.makesth.knowntothepublic—announce—declare宣布43.replyto—answer—makeresponseto—reactto回答44.beanxiousabout—beconcernedabout—beworriedabout担心45.makeanapologyto—saysorryto—apologize道歉46.appealto—interest—attract吸引47.givebirthto—bear生育48.causetroubleto—bother—disturb打扰，妨碍49.havethecourageto—bebraveto有勇气，勇敢50.refusetoaccept—boycott拒绝接受51.outofbreath—breathless上气不接下气52.figureout—calculate计算53.calloff—cancel取消54.holdacelebration—celebrate—incelebrationof—observe庆祝55.onehundredyears—century世纪56.runafter—chase追赶57.mixsth.up—combinewith混合58.atease—comfortable舒适，放松59.makeupfor—compensate弥补60.takepartin—competein—participatein—joinin—attend参加61.drawaconclusion—conclude作结论62.carryout—conduct—perform实施63.contributeto—leadto—resultin造成，导致64.beconvincedof—believe信服，相信65.beimportant—count—matter重要66.relyon—counton—dependon依赖，依靠67.atrisk—indanger处于危险中68.knownothingabout—inthedark一无所知69.turnadeafearto—refusetolistento充耳不闻70.dealwith—handle—copewith—dowith处理，对付71.tenyears—decade十年72.makeupone'smind—decidetodo—determineto—bedeterminedto下定决心73.winover—defeat击败74.delay—putoff—postpone推迟75.onpurpose—deliberately—bydesign故意76.giveadescriptionof—describe描述77.inspiteof—despite尽管78.beworthyof—deserve值得79.bedifferentfrom—differfrom与……不同80.ondisplay—onshow—onexhibition展览81.bedrunkwith—bebenton—beaddictedto—becrazyabout沉溺于，着迷82.runaway—escape逃跑83.earnaliving—makealiving谋生84.employ—adopt—use—takeon采用85.fullofenergy—energetic精力充沛的86.wouldliketodosth.—enjoydoingsth.—feellikedoingsth.—befondofdoingsth.想要做某事87.makesure—ensure确保88.atlast—eventually最后，终于89.hereandthere—everywhere到处，处处90.workout—exercise锻炼91.asamatteroffact—infact/effect—actually事实上92.makefunof—laughat—playtricks/jokeson—makeafoolof嘲笑，捉弄93.grasp—takeholdof—catchholdof抓住94.bodylanguage—gesture肢体语言95.gohungry—starve挨饿96.paynoattentionto—ignore—overlook—takenonoticeof不关注97.ataloss—feelpuzzledat—beconfusedat不知所措98.gowith—match相配99.keepup—maintain保持100.atthesametime—meanwhile同时101.takeplace—occur发生102.bewellreceived—popular受欢迎103.takethepossessionof—own—possess拥有104.inpublic—publically公开地105.takepridein—beproudof以……为自豪106.setfree—release释放107.looklike—resemble像108.standfor—represent代表109.seek—search—searchfor—huntfor—lookfor寻找，搜寻110.allofasudden—allatonce—suddenly突然地111.putupwith—tolerate—stand—bear忍受112.putonweight—gainweight长胖113.speakinalowvoice—whisper低语

二、注意表述的概括性概括性是英语阅读填空所考查的重点，要求对阅读信息具有较强的综合归纳能力。在解答这类题时，要找出共性，根据标题词的特点表达，平时注意积累典型的概括性词汇及其常用搭配，以便迅速锁定最佳词语。阅读填空的概括性词汇分类归纳表原因：reason(for),cause(of)目的：purpose,aim,destination(目的地),goal,target种类：kindof,typeof,sortof,varietyof,categoryof,style(风格)方式：means,way,method方位：location,position建议：advice,suggestion,recommendation,tip观点：attitude,idea,opinion,aspect,concern用途(功能):usage,function变化，趋势：trend,development,raise,increase,decrease,change,spreading描述：description,appearance,look,color,size,length,width,distance,height,shape来源，历史：history,source,origin,root影响，结果：effect,influence,result,consequence措施，行动：measure,action,activity益处，不利：benefit,advantage,convenience,disadvantage概括，总结：summary,conclusion主题：topic,theme,mainidea,subject特点：feature,characteristic评论：comment,remark,assessment问题：problem,question,issue需求：demand,need,requirement内容，项目：content,item事实，细节：fact,detail信息：information情绪，感觉：feeling,emotion物质，材料：substance,material步骤：beginning,ending,step,procedure,process比例：rat