中西文化鉴赏 通识课课件 3.2 中国古建筑

中西文化鉴赏AppreciationofChineseandWesternCulturesUnit3TheArtofArchitecture（建筑艺术）课程信息章节教学目标中西文化鉴赏AppreciationofChineseandWesternCulturesUnit3TheArtofArchitecture（建筑艺术）文化拓展思政映射章节主题Focusofthisunit

TheArtofArchitecture（建筑艺术）Thetypes,featuresandaestheticsofChineseandwesternarchitecture中西建筑的分类、特征以及美学知识能力思政abilitygoals

ideologicalandpoliticaleducationgoals

tolearnsystematicallyChineseculturalknowledge系统学习中国文化知识toimprovecross-culturalcommunicationskills提高跨文化交际能力tounderstandthespiritualcoreoftheChinesenationreflectedinculturalthemes领会文化主题反映出的中华民族精神内核knowledgegoals

Ideologicalandpoliticaleducationgoalstounderstandthephilosophicalthoughtof"harmonybetweenmanandnature"containedinChinesearchitecture中国建筑“天人合一”的哲学思想tolearnthehistory,inheritanceanddevelopmentofChinesearchitectureandunderstandthetraditionalChineseaethetics通过学习中国建筑的历史、传承与发展，领会中华传统美学toinheritcraftsmanspirit传承“工匠精神”KnowledgegoalstolearntheEnglishexpressionsandbasicfeaturesrelatedtoChineseandwesternarchitecture掌握中西建筑基本特点及相关术语的英语表达AbilitygoalstobeabletocommunicateaccuratelyonculturaltopicsinEnglish能够使用英语就文化主题进行准确沟通和交流Ideologicalandpoliticaleducationgoalstounderstandthephilosophicalthoughtof"harmonybetweenmanandnature"containedinChinesearchitecture中国建筑“天人合一”的哲学思想tolearnthehistory,inheritanceanddevelopmentofChinesearchitectureandunderstandthetraditionalChineseaethetics通过学习中国建筑的历史、传承与发展，领会中华传统美学toinheritcraftsmanspirit传承“工匠精神”

3.2AppreciationofChineseTraditionalArchitectureLead-in（导入）：Brainstorming（头脑风暴）:

Q:CanyounamesomewellknownancientChinesearchitectures?Withalonghistory,Chinesearchitectureshaveformedseveraltypicalstyles,Classifiedbytheirfunctions,AncientChinesearchitecturesincludepalace,altar,temple,pagoda,folkhouse,garden,academyandsoon3.2.1ImperialPalaceImperialPalaceIt’stheworldfamousForbiddenCity.TheemperorsofbothMingDynastyandQingDynastylivedinthepalacebefore.ItisalsoknownasthePalaceMuseum.Speakingoftheimperialarchitectures,Weshouldnotneglecttheever-existingimperialgarden--theYuanmingyuanGardenortheOldSummerPalace.Itwasknownasthe“GardenofAllGardens”.SummerPalaceinBeijingisthemostcompleteimperialgardenpreservedinChinatoday,framedbytheLongevityHillandtheKunmingLake.Itattractspeoplefromallovertheworldtoappreciateitsbeautifulscenery.SummerPalace3.2.2TheGardensinSuzhouSuzhouisfamousforitsvarioustypicalprivategardenslikeHumbleAdministrator’sGarden,LionGroveGardenandLiuyuanGarden.Suzhouisrichinwaterresourcesbecauseitislocatedinthesouth.Watertogetherwithotherlandscapesformsaharmoniousenvironment.Q:WhatdoChineseFolkHouseslooklike?Chinacoversthevastterritoryandtheclimatevariesfromregiontoregion,sothefolkhouseshavediverseanddistinctcharacteristics.WewillmainlycoverBeijingCourtyardHouses,ShanxiCaveDwellingsandHuizhouCivilResidents.

3.2.3BeijingCourtyardHouseorSiheyuan

SiheyuanrepresentsChinesecourtyardhouse.Thisformhasahighdegreeofprivacyandshowstheharmonybetweenpeopleandtheenvironment.3.2.4.

ShaanxiCaveDwellingsInNorthwestChina,therepresentativesofcivilresidentsarecavesorYaodong.Youmaywonderwhypeoplestillliveinsuchcavedwelling.Aretheytoopoortoliveinanapartmentoraflat?OnereasonisthatthedepthofthesoillayerofLoessPlateauismorethan100meters,withpoorwaterpermeabilityandstronguprightness.Thelocalpeoplemakefulluseoftheclimateandsoilconditionstodevelopthiskindoffolkhouse--thecavedwelling.Therearemanyadvantagestoliveinthecavedwelling,forexamplesavingenergy,environmentfriendly,warminwinterandcoolinsummer.3.2.5.

HuizhouCivilResidents

HuizhouCivilResidentsarealsoknownasthearchitectureofHuizhoustyle.It’sveryunique,characterizedwithwhitewallsandblacktiles.TheThreeWondersinHuizhouincludeAncientcivilresidents,AncientancestraltemplesandAncientmemorialarchways.AnothercharacteristicofHuizhouarchitectureisHorseheadwall.Let’swatchavideocliponXidiandHongcunvillages,twoancientvillagesinAnhuiProvincetoexploremoreaboutHuizhoustyle.Paifang,alsocalledPailouinChinese,isauniqueChinesearchitecture.ActuallyaPaifangisanarchwayeitherformemoryorfordecoration.Onitsmiddlebeams,youcouldseethemoralinscriptionsbycertaincalligraphers,mostlyaboutsomenorms.Usuallythesestructuresstandindowntownorinfrontoftheentrancesoftemples,bridgesandparks.ItexhibitsfolkcustomsofancientChina.PaifanghasbecomeasymbolofChinaforitsrichconnotationandspecialartvalueinChinesehistory.ItpresentsperfectharmonyofancientChinesearchitecturalmodelingartandsculptingart.Nowadays,ItcanbeseeninChinatowninmanywesterncountriesaswell.Inthefirstsection,weappreciatedtheimperialbuildings,folkhousesandgardens.Inthissection,wewillcontinuetoappreciatesometypicalancientpublicarchitecturesinChina.3.2.6BuddhistGrottoes

TheFourGreatAncientChineseGrottoes

BuddhistgrottoesarethecarrierofBuddhism,consistinggrottoarchitecturesstatuesandfrescoes.Therearemainlyfourrepresentatives.TheFourGreatAncientChineseGrottoesincludeMogaoGrottoesinDunhuangGansuProvince,MaijishanGrottoesinTianshuiGansuProvince,YungangGrottoesinDatongShanxiProvinceandLongmenGrottoesinLuoyangHenanProvince.MogaoGrottoeswereconstructedfromthe4thtothe14thcenturyandtheyarefamousfortheirdelicatefrescoesandsculptures.Thestatuesareallmadeofclaybecausetherocksofthemountainaretoosofttocarvestonyones.In1987,MogaoGrottoeswereselectedastheWorldHeritageSitesbytheUNESCO.TheUNESCOmadecommentswhichwentlikethis,“SituatedatastrategicpointalongtheSilkRouteatthecrossroadsoftradeaswellasreligiousculturalandintellectualinfluences,the492cellsandgrottosanctuariesinMogaoarefamousfortheirstatuesandwallpaintingsspanning1,000yearsofBuddhistart”.MogaoGrottoesMaijishanGrottoesSameasMogaoGrottoes,thestatuesinMaijishanGrottoesaremainlymadeofclayduetothesoftandlooserocks.Maijishan,theChinesecharacters,meansWheatStackMountain.Theywereconstructedfrom384to417AD.YungangGrottoesYungangGrottoeswereconstructedintheNorthernWeiDynasty.ItbecameaWorldHeritageSitein2001.TheUNESCOcommented,“TheYungangGrottoesinDatongcityShanxiProvince,withtheir252grottoesand51,000statues,representtheoutstandingachievementofBuddhistgrottoartinChinainthe5thand6thcenturies.TheFiveGrottoescreatedbyTanYaowiththeirstrictunityoflayoutanddesignconstituteaclassicalmasterpieceofthefirstpeakofChineseBuddhistart”.LongmenGrottoesLongmenGrottoesinLuoyangwerealsoconstructedintheNorthernWeiDynasty.In2000,theLongmenGrottoesbecameaWorldHeritageSite.TheUNESCOcommented,“thegrottoesandnichesofLongmencontainthelargestandmostimpressivecollectionofChineseartofthelateNorthernWeitotheTangDynasties.TheseworksentirelydevotedtotheBuddhistreligionrepresentthehighpointChinesestonecarving.”3.2.7PavilionsPavilionsarealsoimportantinChinesearchitecture.Q:CanyounametheFourGreatAncientChinesePavilions?A:TheyincludeTengwangPavilioninJiangxiProvince,YellowCraneTowerinHubeiProvince,YueyangTowerinHunanProvinceandPenglaiPavilioninShandongProvince.Pavilions

TheFourGreatAncientChinesePavilions

TengwangPavillionYellowCraneTowerYueyangTowerPenglaiPavillionManyancientpoetswrotealotofpoemsandprose,concerningthesepavilions.Nowlet’sappreciateoneofthemwrittenbyLiBai--averyfamouspoetinTangDynasty.ThispoemhasbeentranslatedintoEnglishbymanyscholars.ThefollowingversionwastranslatedbyXuYuanchong.SeeingMengHaoranoffatYellowCraneTowerByLiBaiTranslatedbyXuYuanchongMyfriendhasleftthewestwheretheYellowCraneTowerForRiverTownveiledingreenwillowsandredflowersHislesseningsailislostintheboundlessblueskyWhereIseebuttheendlessRiverrollingbyThepoem,thepoetandthefriendareunitedwiththenatureharmoniously,aren’tthey?3.2.8TheFourGreatAncientChineseAcademiesSpeakingofscholars,weshouldnotforgettheplaceswheretheystudiedandtaught.InancientChina,academiesweretheplacesforpeopletoacquirehigherlearning.ThetreasureofChinesearchitecturesalsoincludesthoseacademies.Q:WhicharetheFourGreatAncientAcademiesinChinesehistory?A:YueluAcademyinHunanProvince,BailudongAcademyinJiangxiProvince,SongyangAcademyinHenanProvinceandYingtianAcademyinHenanProvince

TheFourGreatAncientChineseAcademiesYueluAcademyBailudongAcademySongyangAcademySongyangAcademyislocatedinDengfeng,surroundedbySongshanMountainwhichisalsooneofthemostfamousfivemountainscalledtheFiveSacredMountainsinChina.ItshistorydatedbacktoNorthernWeiDynasty(386-534).Manyancientphilosophersorthinkershadgivenlecturesorhadbeentaughtthere.TonamesomethinkersintheSongDynasty,ChengHao,ChengYi,SimaGuang,FanZhongyanandZhuXi.Itisharmonyofhumanbeingandnature.Itisharmonyofarchitectureandwisdom.YingtianAcademyFanZhongyan,averyfamousandrespectedscholarstatesmanandmilitarystrategistinNorthernSongDynasty,hadpursuedhisstudyandlatertaughtinYingtianAcademy.3.2.9AncientDefenseWorksInordertoprotectthecountryandthepeople,somemilitarydefenseprojectswereconstructed.TheGreatWallisthemajorrepresentative.ItisthelongestandthelargestdefenseprojectbothinChinaandintheworld.Youmaywonderwhyandhowitwasbuilt.AncientDefenseWorksTheGreatWallQ:WhywastheGreatWallbuilt?A:InordertoresisttheinvasionsfromtheHuns--anethnicgrouplivingintheNorthofChina,EmperorQindecidedtobuildamilitarydefenseproject--theGreatWall.Ittooksevenyearstoachievehisgoal.TheGreatWallhasbeenrestoredinthepast2000yearsinChinesehistory.NowitisasymbolofChinesenation.TherearemanylegendsconcerningtheGreatWall.ThemostfamousonemightbethelegendofMengJiangnv.CouldyoutellthelegendinEnglish?Itissaidtherewasanewlymarriedcouple.ThehusbandwascalledFanXiliangandthewifewascalledMengJiangnv.Thehusbandwas