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★A
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.
Newresearchsuggeststhatabrainprotein(蛋白质)thathaschangedformmay
bethecauseofbraindisorders—includingAlzheimefsDisease(阿兹海默老年痴呆
症).Researcherssaytheyhavedevelopedatreatmentthatmaycausetheproteinto
returntoitsoriginalform,preventingthediseasefromdevelopingorreversing(逆
转)theeffectsofthedamageinpeoplewhoalreadysufferfromAlzheimefs.
ResearchersatBethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenterinBoston,Massachusetts,
foundthattheshapeoftheprotein--whichiscalled"tau”--ischangedbysevere
injuriestothebrain.Thescientistssaywhenpeoplearehitintheheadmanytimes,
theydevelopaconditioncalledchronictraumaticencephalopathy(慢性脑部疾病),
orCTE.
CTEdevelopsinsoldierswithheadinjuries.PeoplewhoplayAmericanfootball
alsosufferfromCTEafterbeinghitintheheadmanytimes.Thememory,judgment
andabilitytofunctionareaffectedinpeoplewithCTE.
Theresearchersrecentlypublishedanarticleabouttheirfindingsinthejournal
Nature.Mr.Pascual-Leoneandhiscolleaguesreportedthattheyhaddevelopeda
treatmentthatreturnsthedamagedtautoitsoriginal,undamagedfonn.Hesaysit
mightbepossibletousethetreatmenttostopthedevelopmentofAlzheimer'sDisease.
Andhesuggestsitcouldalsoslowthelossofbrainfunctioninpeoplewhoalready
havethedisease.
Scientistsdiscoveredthetauinmicethatsufferedbraininjuriesbeganchanging
forminaslittleas12hoursafterthemicewerehitinthehead.
Researchershopetodevelopabloodtestorusemachinesthatcanseeintothe
braintohelpthemidentifychangedtau.Earlyidentificationoftheprobleminpeople
withbraininjurycouldhelpdoctorstreatthemquicklyandstopthetaufrom
changing.
1.Thenewtreatmentdevelopedbytheresearcherscan.
A.changetheformofabrainprotein
B.causethebraintobedisordered
C.makepeoplesufferfromAlzheimer
D.maketheproteinreturntoitsoriginalform
2.Whatmayhappenifpeoplearehitmanytimesinthehead?
A.Thebrainwillbedamaged.
B.TheshapeoftheproteinHtauHwillbechanged.
C.PeoplewillsufferfromAlzheimer.
D.Theeffectsofthedamagewillbereversed.
3.WhichofthefollowingsportswillbefreeofdevelopingCTE?
A,Americanfootball.
B.Boxing.
C.Motorcycling.
D.Playingchess.
4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaboutthetreatment?
A.Itcandiscoverthebrainproteintauinpeople'shead.
B.Itcanidentifychangedtauinpeople'sbrain.
C.ItcanstopthedevelopmentofAlzheimefsdisease.
D.ItcanhelppeoplewithAlzheimer'sdiseasetogohome.
5.Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe.
A.ThehopeofpeoplewithAlzheimer'sdisease
B.Anewtreatmenttoprevent,reverseAlzheimefsdisease
C.Theearliertheidentificationis,thebetterfbrAlzheimer'sdisease
D.Theharderhitonthehead,theworsethediseasewillbe
★B
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.
Everyday,peoplecomeintocontactwiththousandsofchemicals(化学品).
Thesechemicalsaresaidtobeharmlesstohumanhealth.Infact,thechemicalsare
consideredsosafethatwewashwiththem.Weputthemonourbodiesandevenour
faces.Otherchemicalproductsareusedthroughoutourhomes.
Onitsown,eachchemicalseemsharmless.Butincombinationwithother
chemicals,theymaybecomedeadly.Thatisthefindingofatwo-yearstudybya
groupofscientists.Thegroupwastoldtoinvestigatethecancer-causingpossibilityof
chemicalmixtures.
LindaGulliverwasoneof174scientistsonthegroup.Theirjobwastostudythe
cancer-causingpossibilityof85chemicals.All85aresaidtobecommoninthe
environment.
Ms.Gulliverexplainsthatchemicalshavetheability,toformdangerousmixtures.
Evensimplemineralscanbecomedangerouswhenmixedwithchemicalsfoundin
plasticsorbeautyproducts.
Workingingroups,thescientistsexploredhowdifferentchemicalmixturescould
leadtocancer.Ms.Gulliver'steamlookedattheabilityofdifferentcombinationsto
supporttheincreaseofmalignant(恶性)humancells.Shesaysthecuirentwayto
identifywhetherchemicalscausecanceristotestthemoneatatime.Thismethod
leadstoalonglistofsupposedly"safe"chemicals.Sheandherteamsaythat
approachneedstochange.
"Wedefinitelyneedcertainresearch...tofindoutwhatmixturesofchemicals
wouldbemoreharmfulthanothers;whatgroupsofchemicals,whentogether,would
producemoreharmfuleffects.Andatthemoment,thatisnotknown."
Anestimatedoneinfivecancershasbeenlinkedtochemicalexposure.Itmay
turnoutthatthecancer-causingvillain(罪魁恶首)isnotasinglechemicalatall.The
villaincouldbeadeadlycombination.Theincreaseofrisktocancercouldbefrom
exposuretomanychemicalcompoundsatthesametime.
1.Whydopeopleusechemicalsontheirbodies?
A,Becausetherearethousandsofthem.
B.Becausetheythinktheyareharmless.
C.Becausetheyneedtowashthemselves.
D.Becausetheyusethemonlyathome.
2.Theunderlinedword'investigate'inparagraph2probablymeans.
A.remove
B.consider
C.study
D.discuss
3.Inwhatconditionwillcommonchemicalsbecomedangerous?
A.Whentheymixwithotherchemicals.
B.Whentheyhavetheability.
C,Whentheyarefoundinplastics.
D.Whentheyareamongthe85chemicals.
4.WhichwastheoneoftheparticulartasksofMs.Gullivefsteam?
A.Tofindwhichcombinationssupporttheincreaseofmalignanthumancells.
B.Tofindhowthechemicalscombineintodangerousmixtures.
C.Tofindoutthelonglistofsafechemicals.
D.Tofindthecurrentwaytoidentifywhetherchemicalscausecancer.D
5.Thecancer-causingvillainisachemicalcombination.
A.whichislinkedtochemicalexposure
B.whichturnsouttobesinglechemical
C.whichisthecompoundofmanychemicals
D・whichproducesharmfuleffect
★C
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.
TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaystheuseofsurgicalchildbirthisgrowing
worldwide.Surgicalchildbirthiswhenawomangivesbirthwiththehelpofa
surgical(夕卜科的)operation,alsocalledaCaesareansection.WHOofficialssaythe
operationisbecomingespeciallypopularinwhattheycallhigh-andmiddle-income
countries.
DoctorsmayadviseaCaesareanbirth,knownasaC-section,whennormal
childbirthwouldputthehealthofthemotherorthebabyatrisk.ButtheUnited
Nationsagencysaysitisconcernedaboutthepossibleabuse(滥用)ofthislife-saving
surgery.
TheWorldHealthOrganizationisastrongsupporterofCaesareansectionswhen
theyarejustified(证明...正当)medically.TheWHOnotesthatsuchoperationscan
savelives.Butitsaysmothersandtheirbabiesareputatriskofhealthproblemswhen
aCaesareansectionisperformedwithoutamedicalneed.
Since1985,healthexpertshavesetwhattheycalltheidealrateforC-sectionsat
between10and15percentofallbirths.Newstudiesshowwhentheratesgobelow10
percent,moremothersandbabiesdiebecausetheyareunabletogetthislife-saving
treatment.ThesefindingsareconfirmedbyestimatesfromAfrica.Theyshowalink
betweenlowC-sectionnumbersandhighmortality(死亡率)ratesduringchildbirth.
Yetstudiesshowthereisnoevidencethatdeathratesimprovewhentherate
risesabove10percent.Infact,Caesareansectionssometimescanhaveseriouseffects
onthemotherandherchild.
MarleenTemmermanisthedirectoroftheWHO'sDepartmentofReproductive
HealthandResearch.ShesaysthataC-sectionisgenerallyasafeoperation.But,she
adds,healthrisksdoexist.Dr.Temmermanisconcernedabouttheincreaseinthe
numberofunnecessaryCaesareansectionsbeingperformedinbothdevelopedand
developingcountries.
TheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionreportsthatin2013,
2,642,892womengavebirthnaturally.Thatsameyear,1,284,339womenchosea
Caesareansection.ThepercentageofallU.S.birthsbyC-sectionwas32.7%.
1.Thetrendinchildbirthintheworldnowis.
A.normalchildbirth
B.safeoperation
C.surgicaloperation
D.naturalbirth
2.UnderwhatconditionwouldthedoctorssuggestaC-section?
A.Whenthereisdangerforbothmotherandbaby.
B.Whentheyaretryingtoriskbothmotherandbaby'slife.
C,Whentheyareconcernedaboutthelife-savingsurgery.
D.Wheythereispossibleabuseoflife-savingsurgery.
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectabouttheratefbrC-section?
A.Healthexpertssuggestabove15percentchildbirthsbegiveninthisway.
B.Lessthan10percentmothersorbabiesdiewhengivenlife-savingtreatment.
C.ThehighertheC-sectionnumbers,thelowermortalityratesduringchildbirth.
D.Itisnormalwhen10to15percentchildbirthsareperformedinthisway.
4.WhatisMarleenTmmermanmostlyworriedabout?
A.Reproductivehealthandresearch.
B.Theexistenceofrisks.
C.UnnecessaryuseofC-sections.
D.ThesafetyofC-sections.
5.Theattitudeoftheauthoris.
A.subjective
B.objective
C.critical
D.suspicious
★D
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.
AUnitedNationsofficialsaysnearly95percentofAfricanchildrenliving
withAIDSdonothaveawaytogettreatmentforthedisease.
MichelSidibeisexecutive(彳亍政的)directoroftheJointUNProgrammeon
HIV/AIDS.ResearchershaveshownthatinfectionwithHIV,thehuman
immunodeficiency(免疫缺陷)virus,leadstodevelopmentofthedisease.
Mr.SidibespokeTuesdayduringavisittoCameroon.There,peoplelivingwith
AIDSreportedshortagesofantiretroviral(抗逆转录病毒)drugs.
TheUNofficialsaidthatmorethan90percentofthethreemillionchildren
infectedwithAIDSliveinAfricancountriessouthoftheSahara.Patientslivingwith
AIDSinsub-SarahanAfricaoftendonothaveaccesstomedicaltreatment.
"Weneedtothinkabouttreatmentforchildren.Thisisreallyamajorchallenge
formebecauseitisaforgottenphase,0Mr.Sidibesaid.Headdedthatonlysix
percentofchildrenlivingwithAIDSinAfricahaveaccesstotreatment.
UNAIDSreportedthatonly24percentofchildrenworldwideneeding
antiretroviraltreatmentreceiveditin2013.Thatsameyear,190,000childrendiedof
thedisease.
Mr.SidibesaidmanypeoplewithAIDSdieinsilence.InmanyplacesinAfrica,
talkingaboutthediseaseremainsataboo(禁忌)subject-somethingthatshouldnot
bediscussed.
MinyimJeanhasbeenlivingwithAIDSfor15years.Hesaysitisverydifficult
togetcompletetreatmentforthedisease.Somemedicalsuppliesarenotalways
available.Somedoctorsevenchangetreatmentforsomepatientsbecausetheydonot
haveenoughsupplies.
UNAIDS
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