2022届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项训练（十八）

★A

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.

Newresearchsuggeststhatabrainprotein（蛋白质）thathaschangedformmay

bethecauseofbraindisorders—includingAlzheimefsDisease（阿兹海默老年痴呆

症）.Researcherssaytheyhavedevelopedatreatmentthatmaycausetheproteinto

returntoitsoriginalform,preventingthediseasefromdevelopingorreversing（逆

转）theeffectsofthedamageinpeoplewhoalreadysufferfromAlzheimefs.

ResearchersatBethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenterinBoston,Massachusetts,

foundthattheshapeoftheprotein--whichiscalled"tau”--ischangedbysevere

injuriestothebrain.Thescientistssaywhenpeoplearehitintheheadmanytimes,

theydevelopaconditioncalledchronictraumaticencephalopathy（慢性脑部疾病）,

orCTE.

CTEdevelopsinsoldierswithheadinjuries.PeoplewhoplayAmericanfootball

alsosufferfromCTEafterbeinghitintheheadmanytimes.Thememory,judgment

andabilitytofunctionareaffectedinpeoplewithCTE.

Theresearchersrecentlypublishedanarticleabouttheirfindingsinthejournal

Nature.Mr.Pascual-Leoneandhiscolleaguesreportedthattheyhaddevelopeda

treatmentthatreturnsthedamagedtautoitsoriginal,undamagedfonn.Hesaysit

mightbepossibletousethetreatmenttostopthedevelopmentofAlzheimer'sDisease.

Andhesuggestsitcouldalsoslowthelossofbrainfunctioninpeoplewhoalready

havethedisease.

Scientistsdiscoveredthetauinmicethatsufferedbraininjuriesbeganchanging

forminaslittleas12hoursafterthemicewerehitinthehead.

Researchershopetodevelopabloodtestorusemachinesthatcanseeintothe

braintohelpthemidentifychangedtau.Earlyidentificationoftheprobleminpeople

withbraininjurycouldhelpdoctorstreatthemquicklyandstopthetaufrom

changing.

1.Thenewtreatmentdevelopedbytheresearcherscan.

A.changetheformofabrainprotein

B.causethebraintobedisordered

C.makepeoplesufferfromAlzheimer

D.maketheproteinreturntoitsoriginalform

2.Whatmayhappenifpeoplearehitmanytimesinthehead?

A.Thebrainwillbedamaged.

B.TheshapeoftheproteinHtauHwillbechanged.

C.PeoplewillsufferfromAlzheimer.

D.Theeffectsofthedamagewillbereversed.

3.WhichofthefollowingsportswillbefreeofdevelopingCTE?

A,Americanfootball.

B.Boxing.

C.Motorcycling.

D.Playingchess.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaboutthetreatment?

A.Itcandiscoverthebrainproteintauinpeople'shead.

B.Itcanidentifychangedtauinpeople'sbrain.

C.ItcanstopthedevelopmentofAlzheimefsdisease.

D.ItcanhelppeoplewithAlzheimer'sdiseasetogohome.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe.

A.ThehopeofpeoplewithAlzheimer'sdisease

B.Anewtreatmenttoprevent,reverseAlzheimefsdisease

C.Theearliertheidentificationis,thebetterfbrAlzheimer'sdisease

D.Theharderhitonthehead,theworsethediseasewillbe

★B

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.

Everyday,peoplecomeintocontactwiththousandsofchemicals（化学品）.

Thesechemicalsaresaidtobeharmlesstohumanhealth.Infact,thechemicalsare

consideredsosafethatwewashwiththem.Weputthemonourbodiesandevenour

faces.Otherchemicalproductsareusedthroughoutourhomes.

Onitsown,eachchemicalseemsharmless.Butincombinationwithother

chemicals,theymaybecomedeadly.Thatisthefindingofatwo-yearstudybya

groupofscientists.Thegroupwastoldtoinvestigatethecancer-causingpossibilityof

chemicalmixtures.

LindaGulliverwasoneof174scientistsonthegroup.Theirjobwastostudythe

cancer-causingpossibilityof85chemicals.All85aresaidtobecommoninthe

environment.

Ms.Gulliverexplainsthatchemicalshavetheability,toformdangerousmixtures.

Evensimplemineralscanbecomedangerouswhenmixedwithchemicalsfoundin

plasticsorbeautyproducts.

Workingingroups,thescientistsexploredhowdifferentchemicalmixturescould

leadtocancer.Ms.Gulliver'steamlookedattheabilityofdifferentcombinationsto

supporttheincreaseofmalignant（恶性）humancells.Shesaysthecuirentwayto

identifywhetherchemicalscausecanceristotestthemoneatatime.Thismethod

leadstoalonglistofsupposedly"safe"chemicals.Sheandherteamsaythat

approachneedstochange.

"Wedefinitelyneedcertainresearch...tofindoutwhatmixturesofchemicals

wouldbemoreharmfulthanothers;whatgroupsofchemicals,whentogether,would

producemoreharmfuleffects.Andatthemoment,thatisnotknown."

Anestimatedoneinfivecancershasbeenlinkedtochemicalexposure.Itmay

turnoutthatthecancer-causingvillain（罪魁恶首）isnotasinglechemicalatall.The

villaincouldbeadeadlycombination.Theincreaseofrisktocancercouldbefrom

exposuretomanychemicalcompoundsatthesametime.

1.Whydopeopleusechemicalsontheirbodies?

A,Becausetherearethousandsofthem.

B.Becausetheythinktheyareharmless.

C.Becausetheyneedtowashthemselves.

D.Becausetheyusethemonlyathome.

2.Theunderlinedword'investigate'inparagraph2probablymeans.

A.remove

B.consider

C.study

D.discuss

3.Inwhatconditionwillcommonchemicalsbecomedangerous?

A.Whentheymixwithotherchemicals.

B.Whentheyhavetheability.

C,Whentheyarefoundinplastics.

D.Whentheyareamongthe85chemicals.

4.WhichwastheoneoftheparticulartasksofMs.Gullivefsteam?

A.Tofindwhichcombinationssupporttheincreaseofmalignanthumancells.

B.Tofindhowthechemicalscombineintodangerousmixtures.

C.Tofindoutthelonglistofsafechemicals.

D.Tofindthecurrentwaytoidentifywhetherchemicalscausecancer.D

5.Thecancer-causingvillainisachemicalcombination.

A.whichislinkedtochemicalexposure

B.whichturnsouttobesinglechemical

C.whichisthecompoundofmanychemicals

D・whichproducesharmfuleffect

★C

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.

TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaystheuseofsurgicalchildbirthisgrowing

worldwide.Surgicalchildbirthiswhenawomangivesbirthwiththehelpofa

surgical（夕卜科的）operation,alsocalledaCaesareansection.WHOofficialssaythe

operationisbecomingespeciallypopularinwhattheycallhigh-andmiddle-income

countries.

DoctorsmayadviseaCaesareanbirth,knownasaC-section,whennormal

childbirthwouldputthehealthofthemotherorthebabyatrisk.ButtheUnited

Nationsagencysaysitisconcernedaboutthepossibleabuse（滥用）ofthislife-saving

surgery.

TheWorldHealthOrganizationisastrongsupporterofCaesareansectionswhen

theyarejustified（证明...正当）medically.TheWHOnotesthatsuchoperationscan

savelives.Butitsaysmothersandtheirbabiesareputatriskofhealthproblemswhen

aCaesareansectionisperformedwithoutamedicalneed.

Since1985,healthexpertshavesetwhattheycalltheidealrateforC-sectionsat

between10and15percentofallbirths.Newstudiesshowwhentheratesgobelow10

percent,moremothersandbabiesdiebecausetheyareunabletogetthislife-saving

treatment.ThesefindingsareconfirmedbyestimatesfromAfrica.Theyshowalink

betweenlowC-sectionnumbersandhighmortality（死亡率）ratesduringchildbirth.

Yetstudiesshowthereisnoevidencethatdeathratesimprovewhentherate

risesabove10percent.Infact,Caesareansectionssometimescanhaveseriouseffects

onthemotherandherchild.

MarleenTemmermanisthedirectoroftheWHO'sDepartmentofReproductive

HealthandResearch.ShesaysthataC-sectionisgenerallyasafeoperation.But,she

adds,healthrisksdoexist.Dr.Temmermanisconcernedabouttheincreaseinthe

numberofunnecessaryCaesareansectionsbeingperformedinbothdevelopedand

developingcountries.

TheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionreportsthatin2013,

2,642,892womengavebirthnaturally.Thatsameyear,1,284,339womenchosea

Caesareansection.ThepercentageofallU.S.birthsbyC-sectionwas32.7%.

1.Thetrendinchildbirthintheworldnowis.

A.normalchildbirth

B.safeoperation

C.surgicaloperation

D.naturalbirth

2.UnderwhatconditionwouldthedoctorssuggestaC-section?

A.Whenthereisdangerforbothmotherandbaby.

B.Whentheyaretryingtoriskbothmotherandbaby'slife.

C,Whentheyareconcernedaboutthelife-savingsurgery.

D.Wheythereispossibleabuseoflife-savingsurgery.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectabouttheratefbrC-section?

A.Healthexpertssuggestabove15percentchildbirthsbegiveninthisway.

B.Lessthan10percentmothersorbabiesdiewhengivenlife-savingtreatment.

C.ThehighertheC-sectionnumbers,thelowermortalityratesduringchildbirth.

D.Itisnormalwhen10to15percentchildbirthsareperformedinthisway.

4.WhatisMarleenTmmermanmostlyworriedabout?

A.Reproductivehealthandresearch.

B.Theexistenceofrisks.

C.UnnecessaryuseofC-sections.

D.ThesafetyofC-sections.

5.Theattitudeoftheauthoris.

A.subjective

B.objective

C.critical

D.suspicious

★D

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.

AUnitedNationsofficialsaysnearly95percentofAfricanchildrenliving

withAIDSdonothaveawaytogettreatmentforthedisease.

MichelSidibeisexecutive（彳亍政的）directoroftheJointUNProgrammeon

HIV/AIDS.ResearchershaveshownthatinfectionwithHIV,thehuman

immunodeficiency（免疫缺陷）virus,leadstodevelopmentofthedisease.

Mr.SidibespokeTuesdayduringavisittoCameroon.There,peoplelivingwith

AIDSreportedshortagesofantiretroviral（抗逆转录病毒）drugs.

TheUNofficialsaidthatmorethan90percentofthethreemillionchildren

infectedwithAIDSliveinAfricancountriessouthoftheSahara.Patientslivingwith

AIDSinsub-SarahanAfricaoftendonothaveaccesstomedicaltreatment.

"Weneedtothinkabouttreatmentforchildren.Thisisreallyamajorchallenge

formebecauseitisaforgottenphase,0Mr.Sidibesaid.Headdedthatonlysix

percentofchildrenlivingwithAIDSinAfricahaveaccesstotreatment.

UNAIDSreportedthatonly24percentofchildrenworldwideneeding

antiretroviraltreatmentreceiveditin2013.Thatsameyear,190,000childrendiedof

thedisease.

Mr.SidibesaidmanypeoplewithAIDSdieinsilence.InmanyplacesinAfrica,

talkingaboutthediseaseremainsataboo（禁忌）subject-somethingthatshouldnot

bediscussed.

MinyimJeanhasbeenlivingwithAIDSfor15years.Hesaysitisverydifficult

togetcompletetreatmentforthedisease.Somemedicalsuppliesarenotalways

available.Somedoctorsevenchangetreatmentforsomepatientsbecausetheydonot

haveenoughsupplies.

UNAIDS