2023版高考英语阅读理解训练含答案

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解训

练含答案

Sunlightmayhavehelpedremoveasmuchas17percentof

theoilonthesurfaceoftheGulfofMexicofollowingthe2010

DeepwaterHorizonspill（泄漏）.Thatmeansthatsunlightplaysa

biggerroleincleaningupsuchspillsthanpreviouslythought,

researcherssuggestedonFebruary16.

Whensunlightshinesonspilledoilinthesea,itcankickoffa

chainofchemicalreactions,transformingtheoilintonew

compounds.Someofthesereactionscanincreasehoweasilythe

oildissolvesinwater,calledphotodissolution（光溶解）.Butthere

hasbeenlittledataonhowmuchoftheoilbecomes

water-soluble.

Toassessthis,environmentalchemistsDanielleHaas

FreemanandCollinWard,bothofWoodsHoleOceanographic

InstitutioninMassachusetts,placedsamplesoftheMacondooil

fromtheDeepwaterHorizonspillonglassdisksandirradiated

（照射）themwithlightusingLEDsthatsendoutwavelengths

foundinsunlight.Thetwothenchemicallyanalyzedthe

irradiatedoiltoseehowmuchwastransformedintodissolved

organiccarbon.

Themostimportantfactorsinphotodissolution,the

researchersfound,werethethicknessoftheslickandthe

wavelengthsoflight.Longerwavelengthsdissolvedlessoil,

possiblybecausetheyaremoreeasilyscatteredbywater,than

shorterwavelengths.Howlongtheoilwasexposedtolightwas

notasimportant.

Thoughtheteamdidn'tspecificallytestforseasonalor

latitudedifferences,computersimulationsbasedonthelabdata

suggestedthatthosefactors,aswellastheoil'schemical

makeup,alsomatter.

Theresearchersestimateirradiationhelpeddissolvefrom3

to17percentofsurfaceoilfromtheDeepwaterHorizonspill,

comparabletoprocessessuchasevaporationandgroundingon

coastlines.Whatimpactthesunlight-producedcompounds

mighthaveonmarineecosystems,however,\sn'tyetknown.

12.Inwhichsectionofanewswebsitemaythistextappear?

A.Education.B.Science.C.Travel.D.Health.

13.Howdoessunlightremovethespilledoilintheocean?

A.Bytransformingtheoilintowater.

B.Byturningtheoilintodissolvedorganiccarbon.

C.Byspeedingupthechemicalreactionsofwater.

D.Bypreventingthechemicalreactionsoftheoil.

14.WhatmattersmostinphotodissolutionaccordingtoDanielle

andCollin?

A.Theoil1schemicalmakeup.B.Thetimeofexposuretolight.

C.Seasonalandlatitudedifferences.D.Thethicknessoftheslick

andwavelengthsoflight.

15.What'sthetextmainlyabout?

A.Variousfactorsaffectthephotodissolutionofoilspillsinthe

ocean.

B.TheDeepwaterHorizonspillgreatlydamagedthemarine

ecosystem.

C.Sunlightmayhelpcleanupoilspillsintheoceanmorethan

previouslythought.

D.Sunlight-producedcompoundsmighthaveagreatimpacton

marineecosystems.

KeysBBDC

[2021•天津二模卷]Fromtheverybeginningofschoolwemake

booksandreadingaconstantsourceofpossiblefailureand

publichumiliation.Whenchildrenarelittlewemakethemread

aloudbeforetheteacherandotherchildren,sothatwecanbe

surethey"know"allthewordstheyarereading.Thismeans

thatwhentheydon'tknowaword,theyaregoingtomakea

mistake,rightinfrontofeveryone.Afterhavingtaughtfifth-

gradeclassesforfouryears,Idecidedtotryatallcoststorid

themoftheirfearanddislikeofbooks,andtogetthemtoread

oftenerandmoreadventurously.

Onedaysoonafterschoolhadstarted,Isaidtothem,"Now

I'mgoingtosaysomethingaboutreadingthatyouhave

probablyneverheardateachersaybefore.Iwouldlikeyouto

readalotofbooksthisyear,butIwantyoutoreadthemonlyfor

pleasure.Iamnotgoingtoaskyouquestionstofindout

whetheryouunderstandthebooksornot.Ifyouunderstand

enoughofabooktoenjoyitandwanttogoonreadingit,that's

enoughforme.AlsoI'mnotgoingtoaskyouwhatwordsmean.”

Thechildrensatstunnedandsilent.Wasthisateachertalking?

Onegirl,whohadjustcometousfromaschoolwhereshehad

hadaveryhardtime,lookedatmesteadilyforalongtimeafterI

hadfinished.Then,stilllookingatme,shesaidslowlyand

seriously,“MrHolt,doyoureallymeanthat?"Isaidjustas

seriously,“Imeaneverywordofit."

Duringthespringshereallyastonishedme.Oneday,shewas

readingatherdesk.Fromaglimpseoftheillustrations,Ithought

Iknewwhatthebookwas.Isaidtomyself,“Itcan'tbe,"and

wenttotakeacloserlook.Sureenough,shewasreadingMoby

Dick,ineditionwithwoodcuts.Isaid,"Don'tyoufindpartsofit

ratherheavygoing?"Sheanswered,"Oh,sure,butIjustskip

overthosepartsandgoontothenextgoodpart/1

Thisisexactlywhatreadingshouldbeandinschoolso

seldomis—anexciting,joyousadventure.Findsomething,dive

intoit,takethegoodparts,skipthebadparts,getwhatyoucan

outofit,goontosomethingelse.Howdifferentisourmean-

spirited,pickyinsistencethateverychildgeteverylastlittlescrap

of"understanding"thatcanbedugoutofabook.

1.Accordingtothepassage,children'sfearanddislikeof

booksmayresultfrom.

A.readinglittleandthinkinglittle

B.readingoftenandadventurously

C.beingmadetoreadtoomuch

D.beingmadetoreadaloudbeforeothers

2.Theteachertoldhisstudentstoread.

A.forenjoyment

B.forknowledge

C.foralargervocabulary

D.forhigherscoresinexams

3.Uponhearingtheteacher'stalk,thechildrenprobablyfelt

that.

A.itsoundedstupid

B.itwasnotsurprisingatall

C.itsoundedtoogoodtobetrue

D.itwasnotdifferentfromotherteachers'talk

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabou