【公开课】Unit+1Reading+and+thinking+课件人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit1ScienceandScientists

ReadingandThinking

JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Post-reading“Toraisenewquestions,newpossibilities,toregardoldproblemsfromanewangle,requirescreativeimaginationandmarksrealadvanceinscience.”---

AlbertEinstein”“提出新的问题，发现新的问题，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。”-阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦”Leadin

Areyoufamiliarwiththesesituations?MaskupGetvaccinatedSelf-isolationPositivemeasuresaretakentofightagainstCovid-19.coronavirus[kəˈrəʊnəvaɪrəs]④Besidescoronavirus,whatotherkindsofepidemics（流行病）doyoukonw?bird-flu（禽流感）malaria[məˈleriə]（疟疾）plague[pleɪɡ]（鼠疫）Ebola[ɪˈbəʊlə](埃博拉)①②③WhoHelpedDefeatMalaria?MALARIAWhoDefeatedCholera?JohnSnowPredictionJohnSnow

Defeats“KingCholera”Who?How?What?Accordingtothetitle,thestoryisgoingtotellusinformationabout...Thetextismainlyabout____________and_______hedefeatedkingcholera.howJohnSnowscientificresearch?Putthesevenresearchstagesinorder.

analyzetheresults

askaquestion

collectdata

thinkofamethod

findaproblem

findsupportingevidence

drawaconclusionPara2&3:

StagesofScientificResearchActivity1:ReadthewholetextquicklyandmatchthemainideaPara.1Para.2Para.4Para.5JohnSnowdesiredtodestroycholera.JohnSnowdecidedtoprovethesecondtheory.Snowbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemap.Truthoftheinfectionofcholera.Snow'scontributions.Para.3FastreadingCarefulReadingPara.1Research

background2.Whywasthediseasecalled“”KingCholera?Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.expert/experienced/knowledgeabledeadlyuncontrollable“King”1.WhoisJohnSnow?Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.1.Whatarethetwotheories?WhichtheorydidJohnSnowthinkwasreasonable?2.WhatdidJohnSnowinvestigatewhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854?Para.2Findaproblem→AskaquestionWhatdoestheredstarsstandfor?multipledeathshappenedhere.Whatdoesthegreenstarsstandfor?Nodeathhappenedhere.Why?CLUE:freebeerSuspectthatthewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.Butheneededproofs!1.WhatmethoddidSnowuse?2.Whatdidhefindonthemap?Whatdidhedotodealwithit?AmapofBroadStreetPara.3Para.3Analyzetheresults→Findsupportingevidence Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9Cambridge8Street)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.…multipleHowevernodeathsthewaterpumpwastoblamePara.3Drawaconclusion Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.announcePumpwatercarriedthecholeragerms.Remove

thehandleofthepumpThediseasewasstoppedSnowhadthe_______ofthepumpremoved.EItwasbelievedthatcholerawascausedby_______orgermsin_____________.ASnow_________________theplaceswherepeoplewho_____hadlived.BbadairfoodorwatermarkedondiedThepumpwatercarried____________.DcholeragermshandleamapManydeathsoccurrednearthe__________inBroadStreet.Somepeople_______drunkthewaterfromthepump,andlived.AwomanandherdaughterdiedinanotherpartofLondonafter____________

______________.CwaterpumphadnotfromthepumpdrinkingwaterReadfromPara.2-3againandcompletethechartbelow.conclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesconclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesDCBEAWatercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater.Thethreatofcholeraaroundtheworlddecreased.Hehelpedpeopleknowhowtopreventcholera.Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.2.WhatcontributionsdidJohnSnowmake?TheFatherofModernEpidemiology1.WhatcausedtheoutbreakofcholerainLondonin1854?ReadPara.4-5andanswerthequestions.WatercompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste,causingpeoplewhodrankthiswatertogetcholera.1.Whatquestionswouldyouasktogetthefollowinganswers?Q:What______________________________?A:Snowthoughtthatcholerawascausedbygermsinfoodorwater.Q:Why_________________________________________?A:Snowhadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Q:How_____________________________?A:ThecholerathreatwasdefeatedthankstotheworkofJohnSnow.causedcholeraaccordingtoSnowdidSnowhavethehandleofthepumpremovedwasthecholerathreatdefeatedInordernottogetinfectedwithdisease,whatshouldwepayattentiontoinourdailylife.Drinkboiledwater.Remembertowearamaskwhengoingout.Heatthefoodleftovernight.Washyourhandsoften.Cookrawfoodthoroughly.Dealwithrubbishtimelyandproperly.Post-readingSummary

课文语法填空JohnSnowwas1.__well-knowndoctorinLondoninthe19thcentury.Hewantedtofindthecauseofcholerainordertohelppeople2._________

(infect)withit.In1854whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondon,he3.______

(begin)togatherinformation4.____________

(immediate).Hemarkedonamap5.______allthedeadpeoplehadlivedandhefoundthatmanypeoplewho6.__________(drink)thedirtywater7._____thepumpdied.Soheannouncedthatthepumpwater8.________

(carry)choleragerms.Hesuggestedthatthesourceofallwatersupplies9._____________________(examine)andnewmethodsof10.________

(deal)withpollutedwaterbefound.Finally,“KingCholera”wasdefeated.a

infected

began

immediately

where

haddrunkfromcarried(should)beexamineddealingp1

Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor.JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscauses

severe

diarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsof

people

diedfrom

thedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnow

becamefrustrated

becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andeven

attendedto

QueenVictoriawhenshe

gavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholera

onceandforall.

在英国医生约翰・斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，崔乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰・斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医。甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。1.usedtodo/be2.anoutbreakof...3.diefrom...4.attendedto5.givebirth（to)6.losedesireto7.onceandforall过去常常做/是...的爆发死于照顾，护理生孩子失去做某事的希望最终地，彻底地Para1phrases1.Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.画线部分是由until引导的时间状语从句否定式：not...until...结构。倒装结构：部分倒装“Notuntil＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语”。强调结构：Itis/wasnotuntil＋时间从句或短语＋that＋主句。LanguagePoints(1)We’llstayhereuntilitstopsraining.(2)He

theoffice

hisbosscameback.(3)Yesterday，Iwaitedforyouatthebusstation

4o’clockintheafternoon.(4)Notuntilhesawhismother，

thelittleboy

.(5)Itwasnotuntiltheresultoftheexamwasannounced

herealizedhehadorganizedtimebadly.didn’tleaveuntiluntildidsmilethatLanguagePoints2.frustrated/frʌˈstreɪtɪd/adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的frustrated___________vt.使懊恼，挫败，阻止______________n.沮丧；挫败______________adj.令人沮丧的小题集训1.Shewere__________atthe____________newsthatshefailedtheexam.(frustrate)2.Theyweredefeatedinthefootballmatch,which___________(frustrate)me.frustratefrustrationfrustrating_________________________对...感到沮丧/懊恼befrustratedwith/atfrustratedfrustratingfrustrated3.Intime，herosetobecomeafamousdoctor，andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.后来，他成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。1intime及时；终于；迟早intime作“终于；迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。intime作“及时”讲时，后常跟forsth.或todosth.。(1)Youwillsucceedintimeaslongasyoudon’tgiveup.只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。(2)Thedoctorcameintime

(save)hislife.医生及时赶到并抢救了他的生命。(3)Luckyforhim，hewasjustintime

thebus.幸运的是，他及时赶上了公共汽车。tosavefor

time相关短语①fromtimetotime

有时；偶尔②atatime 每次③innotime 立刻；马上④atthesametime 同时⑤atonetime 一度；从前⑥atnotime 绝不(置于句首时，用部分倒装)(1)Ican’tgooutwithyoutonightbecauseIhaveanurgentthingto

.attendvt.出席；参加vt.&vi.照顾；护理vi.处理attendameeting/alecture/school参加会议/听报告/上学attendtosb./sth.照料……；处理……；招待……attendto4.Intime，herosetobecomeafamousdoctor，andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.后来，他成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。p2

Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwo

contradictory

theoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyan

infection

fromgermsinfoodorwater.Snow

subscribed

to

thesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwas

so

severe

that

morethan500peoplediedintendays.He

wasdeterminedto

findoutwhy.

关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。1.Ingeneral2.becausedby3.subscribeto4.bedeterminedtodo5.needproof6.findoutwhy总的来说，大体上由…导致同意决定做某事需要证据查明原因Para2phrases5.Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheories.

contradictory

adj.

互相矛盾的；互相对立的

becontradictoryto…

与……矛盾、相反【拓展】____________v.反驳;与……相矛盾____________n.抵触;矛盾;矛盾的说法【即学即用】

单句语法填空1.Thewitnessgavetwocompletely_______________(contradict)descriptions.完成句子:2.这两种说法相互矛盾。Thetwostories__________________________.contradictcontradictioncontraditorycontradicteachotherHediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.

so+形容词/副词+that...

6.so...that...如此...以至于

引导结果状语从句的常见句型so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that...

so+many/few+可数名词复数+that...

so+much/little+不可数名词+that...

1.Heransoquicklythatweallcouldn’tcatchupwithhim.2.Thisissointerestingabookthatweallenjoyreadingitinoursparetime.3.Shehasso

muchtalentthathermotherfeelsproudofher.4.Hehaspublishedso

manynovelsthatIcan’tfinishreadingtheminashorttime.温馨提示：such...that常用于以下三种句型：1.such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that...2.such+形容词+可数名词复数+that...3.such+形容词+不可数名词+that

p3

Snowbeganbymarkingonamap

theexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.Therewere

multiple

deathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,some

households(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snow

suspected

thatthewaterpump

wastoblame.斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅)，但是有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。

p3Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhad

diedof

choleraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthat

thewomanlikedthewaterfromthepump

so

much

that

she

haditdelivered

toherhouseeveryday.Asaresultof

thisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,he

had

the

handle

ofthepump

removed

sothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthis

intervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。1.markonamaptheexactplace2.multipledeaths3.betoblame

4.asaresultof5.moveawayfrom6.itseemedthat在地图上标出特定的位置多例死亡应受责备由于从..离开、搬离似乎...看起来...Para3phrases7.Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.斯诺开始在地图上标注所有死者生活的精确地址。1.where引导定语从句,先行词为palce在从句中做地点状语。2.who引导定语从句，先行词为those那些人，做主语where可转换成适当的“介词＋which”的形式。表示抽象地点的名词(case，scene，situation，condition，race，life，point等)作先行词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。(1)Theyborrowedmaterialsfromthehospital

they’dtrainedasnursingassistants.(2)Inthemiddleofthesittingroom，thereisatablewhere(＝

)manydishesareplaced.(3)Theyarenowinasituation

theyneedtomakeapracticalplan.whereonwhichwhere8.have+宾语+宾语补足语

结构

have+宾语+过去分词

（done）

使某事被完成have+宾语+现在分词

（doing）

表示动作进行或持续

e.g:1.Wehavethemchinemendedjustnow.

e.g:2.Ican’thaveyouspeakingtoyourmotherinarudemanner.

小题集训1.Ican’thaveyou____________(lie)toyourparents.2.Whendidyouhaveyourhouse_________(paint)?lyingpaintedItseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.p4.ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedby