高中英语定语从句详解与练习

高中英语定语从句详解Ⅰ.概念：(1)定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用：1)引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；2)必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）常用的关系代词:that、which、who、whom、as,在从句中作主语，宾语，whose定语)常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）:when、why、whereThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。Ⅱ.几个关系代词的基本用法：●that:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语)如：1.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?2.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.3.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?4.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.5.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.●which:指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.●who,whom,whose:who:主格,在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人whom:宾格，在从句中作宾语;只可指人whose:属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。1.Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.2.Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代词如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.)3.He'samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.=He'saman(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.4.Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.5.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.=I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.=I'dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.关系代词作介词宾语：（介词+whom/which）关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。）1.Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.2.DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands？=Doyouknowtheperson(whom/who/that)Ishookhandswith?3.Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?4.Isthisfactorytheonetowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?5.Thisisthegirlwhomtheyarelookingafter.(介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。lookat,lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等)●as的用法:(as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)①如为限制性的，多用于thesame…as;thesameas；such…as…;asmany/muchas；so…as等结构中。如：※1.Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的一样的书。2..---Whydidn'tyoumentionthatinfaceofthepolicejustnow?---Ithoughtitwassuchaminordetailaswashardlyworthmentioning.3.Don'tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.比较：Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.I'mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.比较：Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（定语从句）Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（结果状语从句）②如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.）Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作宾语)=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.（as作主语）=It'sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'shealth.=Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,asweallknow.（as作宾语）=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'health.Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.(宾语,先行词是前面整个句子)Ⅲ.关系副词引导的定语从句:●When指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time,day,week,tear,month,etc.）HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,whentheweatherwouldbebetter.注意：先行词为"时间名词"，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。比较:1.Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.（作状语）2.Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.（作宾语）3.IshallneverforgetthedaywhenShenZhouⅤwaslaunched,whichhasagreateffectonmylife.●Where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place,school,factory,room,etc.ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.Iliveintheroomwhere/inwhichheusedtolive.(B)who&that:who和that指代人时，有些情况宜用who,而不宜用that①先行词为anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people时.如：1.ThepersonIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkswell.2.Anyonewho(=Whoever)failedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.3.Thosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveofficeatonce.②在Therebe结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人.如：1.Thereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.2.Thereareseveralstudentsinourclasswhoarestillnotsureabouttheuseofattributiveclauses.③当先行词有较长的后置定语时.如：1.ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.●as&which:as&which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：①位置的不同：which引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；as位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：1.Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.2.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.或Jackisanhonestman,asyouknow.或Asyouknow,Jackisanhonestman.②先行词的不同：as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。1.Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.2.Hewasproud,whichIdislikeverymuch.（先行词是一个句子）3.Heisanhonestman,asisknowntoall.③as一般译为"正如""就像"，"这一点"asweallknow；asyouknow;asisknowntoall;asyousee;aswecansee;ashasbeenexpected;aswehaveimagined.一、单项选择1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as16.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who24.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter31.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.itEX1用适当的关系词填空.1.Iwillneverforgettheday__________Ifirstwenttoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wespentinBeijing.2.Thehouse__________wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.Thehouse______Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.Ex3选择适当的代词填空，注意非限制性定语从句和单句的比较。1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.4.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Ex6:介词+关系代词的使用1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hedugaholehecouldgotwaterfromthelake.请分析一下定语从句：(

请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)

1.

Another

thing

that

I

found

very

difficult

was

English

grammar.

3.

You

couldn’t

understand

people

who

talked

fast.

4.

I

have

some

ideas

that

may

helpyou.

5.

They

said

something

you

didn’t

like.

6.

My

friends

and

I

talked

about

the

rules

that

we

have

in

school.

定语从句汉译英练习：

1、她就是那个努力学习数学的女孩。

2、他就是我们刚才谈论的那个人。

3、这就是那个爸爸是警察的女孩。

4、他们住在一座窗户朝南的房子里。

5、我仍然记得我第一次来到这座城市的那一天

。6、这就是我们以前住过的房子

。7、他考试通过了，这使他父母很高兴。

8、他们正在谈论在公园里看到的人和物。

9、正在看电视的女孩是Kate。10、她就是照顾这些孩子的护士。英译汉：1他们在街上见到的钱是我的。2你见到的那位老师是一位很著名的教师。3昨天晚上打我电话的那个男人在今天早上被杀了。4这部电影是我来到这看的第一部电影。5你知道他们正在谈论的事情和人吗？用适当的关系词填空：

1.

I

still

remember

the

night

_______I

fi