2008年英语四级真题(附答案)A卷

2008年6月21日全真试题(2008年6月21日)PartI Writing (30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions: Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteashortessayentitledRecreationalActivities.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.娱乐活动多种多样，2.娱乐可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性，3.作为大学生，我的看法。RecreationalActivities亲爱的站长您好：夜很深了，已凌晨2点40分了，这么晚给您写信，是想跟您聊一下尊重劳动尊重版权的问题。本四六级大全，出第一版之时，我们是以WORD文档发布的，这主要是考虑到您引用方便，网友使用也方便。可是令我们感到沮丧的是，少数网站站长，对别人的劳动似乎不够尊重，把我们WORD文档的页眉页脚，以及文档的使用说明，清除得干干净净；还有的站长，技术水平更高一些，更勤劳一些，把我们的WORD文档转为PDF文档，并且，还给PDF文档加上密，去掉我们的标识及使用说明仍不甘罢休，还英明地加上了自己网站的标识；还有的制作CHM文档的技术水平比较高，给做成了这个格式的文档。如此种种情况，实在让您受累了啊！所以，这次文档发布，只好用PDF格式发布文档了。这下您改文件的特长又可以发挥了啊，改文件的技术水平又可以长足提高了！六年前，本人制作的GMAT四部大全，在全世界流传至今，仍是原封不动的初始版本，可能世界其他国家的站长都不如我们伟大中国的站长水平高，考虑问题周全吧！为什么麦当劳在中国的餐巾纸是限量供应的，而在美国不限量？我想我们自己所处的环境，至少部分是我们自己创造的。您难道要执意为自己创造一个找不到好资源的环境么？难道执意要逼我用图片格式发布下一个版本么？难道我近千小时的辛苦劳动及直接从口袋里拿出的近万元现金投入换不来您慷慨地原样转载么？您难道不知道，篡改别人的作品，是一种什么行为么？不知道这种行为对您网站的形象是一种严重的伤害么？很多热心的网友来向我反映，某某网站篡改你的作品了，这种行为实在无耻，你去找他吧！这些我都没好意思跟您汇报。当然，大部分站长或版主对版权尊重做得很好！我们深表感谢！并向你们致以最崇高的敬意！大家学习网／大家网／大家论坛：阁明俊敬上PartII ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning) (15minutes)Directions: Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1–7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8–10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.MediaSelectionforAdvertisementsAfterdeterminingthetargetaudienceforaproductorservice,advertisingagenciesmustselecttheappropriatemediafortheadvertisement.Wediscussherethemajortypesofmediausedinadvertising.Wefocusourattentiononseventypesofadvertising:television,newspapers,radio,magazines,out–of–home,Internet,anddirectmail.TelevisionTelevisionisanattractivemediumforadvertisingbecauseitdeliversmassaudiencestoadvertisers.WhenyouconsiderthatnearlythreeoutoffourAmericanshaveseenthegameshowWhoWantstoBeaMillionaire?youcanunderstandthepoweroftelevisiontocommunicatewithalargeaudience.Whenadvertiserscreateabrand,forexample,theywanttoimpressconsumerswiththebrandanditsimage.Televisionprovidesanidealvehicleforthistypeofcommunication.Buttelevisionisanexpensivemedium,andnotalladvertiserscanaffordtouseit.Television’sinfluenceonadvertisingisfourfold.First,narrowcastingmeansthattelevisionchannelsareseenbyanincreasinglynarrowsegmentoftheaudience.TheGolfChannel,forinstance,iswatchedbypeoplewhoplaygolf.HomeandGardenTelevisionisseenbythoseinterestedinhouseholdimprovementprojects.Thus,audiencesaresmallerandmorehomogeneous(具有共同特点的)thantheyhavebeeninthepast.Second,thereisanincreaseinthenumberoftelevisionchannelsavailabletoviewers,andthus,advertisers.Thishasalsoresultedinanincreaseinthesheernumberofadvertisementstowhichaudiencesareexposed.Third,digitalrecordingdevicesallowaudiencemembersmorecontroloverwhichcommercialstheywatch.Fourth,controloverprogrammingisbeingpassedfromthenetworkstolocalcableoperatorsandsatelliteprogrammers.NewspaperAftertelevision,themediumattractingthenextlargestannualadrevenueisnewspapers.TheNewYorkTimes,whichreachesanationalaudience,accountsfor$1billioninadrevenueannually.Ithasincreaseditsnationalcirculation(发行量)by40%andisnowavailableforhomedeliveryin168cities.Locally,newspapersarethelargestadvertisingmedium.Newspapersarealessexpensiveadvertisingmediumthantelevisionandprovideawayforadvertiserstocommunicatealonger,moredetailedmessagetotheiraudiencethantheycanthroughtelevision.Givennewproductiontechniques,advertisementscanbeprintedinnewspapersinabout48hours,meaningnewspapersarealsoaquickwayofgettingthemessageout.Newspapersareoftenthemostimportantformofnewsforalocalcommunity,andtheydevelopahighdegreeofloyaltyfromlocalreaders.RadioAdvertisingonradiocontinuestogrow.Radioisoftenusedinconjunctionwithoutdoorbillboards(广告牌)andtheInternettoreachevenmorecustomersthantelevision.Advertisersarelikelytouseradiobecauseitisalessexpensivemediumthantelevision,whichmeansadvertiserscanaffordtorepeattheiradsoften.Internetcompaniesarealsoturningtoradioadvertising.Radioprovidesawayforadvertiserstocommunicatewithaudiencemembersatalltimesoftheday.Consumerslistentoradioontheirwaytoschoolorwork,atwork,onthewayhome,andintheeveninghours.Twomajorchanges—satelliteandInternetradio—willforceradioadvertiserstoadapttheirmethods.Bothoftheseradioformsallowlistenerstotuneinstationsthataremoredistantthanthelocalstationstheycouldreceiveinthepast.Asaresult,radiowillincreasinglyattracttargetaudienceswholivemanymilesapart.MagazinesNewsweeklies,women’stitles,andbusinessmagazineshaveallseenincreasesinadvertisingbecausetheyattractthehigh–endmarket.Magazinesarepopularwithadvertisersbecauseofthenarrowmarketthattheydeliver.Abroadcastmediumsuchasnetworktelevisionattractsalltypes\o"参考答案：B"3. Comparedwithtelevision,newspapersasanadvertisingmedium大

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网.A)earnalargerannualadrevenueB)conveymoredetailedmessagesC)usemoreproductiontechniquesD)getmessagesoutmoreeffectively\o"参考答案：C"4. Advertisingonradiocontinuestogrowbecause大

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网.A)morelocalradiostationshavebeensetupB)moderntechnologymakesitmoreentertainingC)itprovideseasyaccesstoconsumersD)ithasbeenrevolutionizedbyInternetradio\o"参考答案：A"5. Magazinesareseenbyadvertisersasanefficientwayto大

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网.A)reachtargetaudiencesB)appealtoeducatedpeopleC)attractdiverseaudiencesD)conveyallkindsofmessages\o"参考答案：B"6. Out–of–homeadvertisinghasbecomemoreeffectivebecause大

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网.A)billboardscanbereplacedwithintwohoursB)consumerstravelmorenowthaneverbeforeC)suchadshavebeenmademuchmoreattractiveD)thepaceofurbanlifeismuchfasternowadays\o"参考答案：C"7. ThechallengetoInternetadvertisersistocreateadsthatare大

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网.A)quicktoupdateB)pleasanttolookatC)easytorememberD)convenienttoaccess\o"参考答案：quitehomogeneous,butsmall"8. Internetadvertiserswillhavetoadjusttheirmethodstoreachaudiencesthattendtobe大

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网.\o"参考答案：relationshipswithconsumers"9. Directmailisaneffectiveformofadvertisingforbusinessestodevelop大

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网.\o"参考答案：theappropriatemedia"10. Thispassagediscusseshowadvertisersselect大

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网foradvertisements.PartIII ListeningComprehension (35minutes)SectionADirections: Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。\o"参考答案：A"11. A)Givehisankleagoodrest.B)Treathisinjuryimmediately.C)Continuehisregularactivities.D)Becarefulwhenclimbingsteps.\o"参考答案：C"12. A)Onatrain.B)Onaplane.C)Inatheater.D)Inarestaurant.\o"参考答案：B"13. A)Atragicaccident.B)Asadoccasion.C)Smith’sunusuallifestory.D)Smith’ssleepingproblem.\o"参考答案：D"14. A)Reviewthedetailsofallherlessons.B)Comparenoteswithhisclassmates.C)Talkwithherabouthislearningproblems.D)Focusonthemainpointsofherlectures.\o"参考答案：D"15. A)Themanblamedthewomanforbeingcareless.B)Themanmisunderstoodthewoman’sapology.C)Thewomanofferedtopayfortheman’scoffee.D)Thewomanspiltcoffeeontheman’sjacket.\o"参考答案：B"16. A)Extremelytedious.B)Hardtounderstand.C)Lackingagoodplot.D)Notworthseeingtwice.\o"参考答案：A"17. A)Attendingeverylecture.B)Doinglotsofhomework.C)Readingveryextensively.D)Usingtest–takingstrategies.\o"参考答案：D"18. A)ThedigitalTVsystemwillofferdifferentprograms.B)Heiseagertoseewhatthenewsystemislike.C)Hethinksitunrealistictohave500channels.D)ThenewTVsystemmaynotprovideanythingbetter.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.\o"参考答案：C"19. A)Anoticebytheelectricityboard.B)Adspromotingelectricappliances.C)Thedescriptionofathiefindisguise.D)Anewpolicyonpensioners’welfare.\o"参考答案：D"20. A)Speakingwithaproperaccent.B)Wearinganofficialuniform.C)Makingfriendswiththem.D)ShowingthemhisID.\o"参考答案：C"21. A)Tobeonthealertwhenbeingfollowed.B)Nottoleaveseniorcitizensaloneathome.C)Nottoletanyoneinwithoutanappointment.D)Towatchoutforthosefromtheelectricityboard.\o"参考答案：C"22. A)Shewasrobbedneartheparkinglot.B)Allhermoneyinthebankdisappeared.C)Thepensionshehadjustdrawnwasstolen.D)Shewasknockeddowninthepostoffice.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.\o"参考答案：A"23. A)Marketingconsultancy.B)Professionalaccountancy.C)Luxuryhotelmanagement.D)Businessconferenceorganization.\o"参考答案：D"24. A)Havingagoodknowledgeofitscustoms.B)Knowingsomekeypeopleintourism.C)Havingbeentothecountrybefore.D)BeingabletospeakJapanese.\o"参考答案：B"25. A)Itwillbringherpotentialintofullplay.B)Itwillinvolvelotsoftraintravel.C)ItwillenablehertoimproveherChinese.D)ItwillgivehermorechancestovisitJapan.SectionBDirections: Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.\o"参考答案：A"26. A)Thelackoftime.B)Thequalityoflife.C)Thefrustrationsatwork.D)Thepressureonworkingfamilies.\o"参考答案：A"27. A)Theywerejustasbusyaspeopleoftoday.B)Theysawtheimportanceofcollectiveefforts.C)Theydidn’tcomplainasmuchasmodernman.D)Theylivedahardlifebyhuntingandgathering.\o"参考答案：D"28. A)Tolookforcreativeideasofawardingemployees.B)Toexplorestrategiesforloweringproductioncosts.C)Toseeknewapproachestodealingwithcomplaints.D)Tofindeffectivewaystogiveemployeesflexibility.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.\o"参考答案：B"29. A)Familyviolence.B)TheGreatDepression.C)Herfather’sdisloyalty.D)Hermother’sbadtemper.\o"参考答案：D"30. A)Hisadvancedage.B)Hischildren’sefforts.C)Hisimprovedfinancialcondition.D)Hissecondwife’spositiveinfluence.\o"参考答案：B"31. A)Loveisblind.B)Lovebreedslove.C)Divorceoftenhasdisastrousconsequences.D)Happinessishardtofindinblendedfamilies.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.\o"参考答案：B"32. A)Itwaslocatedinapark.B)Itsownerdiedofaheartattack.C)Itwentbankruptallofasudden.D)Itspottedplantswereforleaseonly.\o"参考答案：C"33. A)Plantingsometreesinthegreenhouse.B)Writingawantadtoalocalnewspaper.C)PuttingupaGoingOutofBusinesssign.D)Helpingacustomerselectsomepurchases.\o"参考答案：C"34. A)Openinganofficeinthenewofficepark.B)Keepingbetterrelationswithhercompany.C)Developingfreshbusinessopportunities.D)Buildingabiggreenhouseofhisown.\o"参考答案：A"35. A)Owningthegreenhouseoneday.B)Securingajobattheofficepark.C)Cultivatingmorepottedplants.D)Findingcustomersoutoftown.SectionCDirections: Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。We’renowwitnessingtheemergenceofanadvancedeconomybasedoninformationandknowledge.Physical(\o"参考答案：labor/labour"36)大

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网,rawmaterials,andcapitalarenolongerthekey(\o"参考答案：ingredients"37)大

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网inthecreationofwealth.Now,the(\o"参考答案：vital"38)大

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网rawmaterialinoureconomyisknowledge.Tomorrow’swealthdependsonthedevelopmentandexchangeofknowledge.And(\o"参考答案：individual"39)大

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网enteringtheworkforceoffertheirknowledge,nottheirmuscles.Knowledgeworkersgetpaidfortheireducationandtheirabilitytolearn.Knowledgeworkers(\o"参考答案：engage"40)大

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网inmindwork.Theydealwithsymbols:words,(\o"参考答案：figures"41)大

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网,anddata.Whatdoesallthismeanforyou?Asafutureknowledgeworker,youcanexpecttobe(\o"参考答案：generating"42)大

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网,processing,aswellasexchanginginformation.(\o"参考答案：Currently"43)大

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网,threeoutoffourjobsinvolvesomeformofmindwork,andthatnumberwillincreasesharplyinthefuture.Managementandemployeesalike(\o"参考答案：willbemakingdecisionsinsuchareasasproductdevelopment,qualitycontrolandcustomers'satisfaction"44)大家网出品大家学习网大家网出品大家学习网大家网出品大家学习网大家网出品大家学习网大家网出品大家.Inthenewworldofwork,youcanlookforwardtobeinginconstanttraining(\o"参考答案：toacquirenewskillsthatwillhelpyoukeepupwithimprovedtechnologiesandprocedures"45)大家网出品大家学习网大家网出品大家学习网大家网出品大家学习网大家网出品大家学习网大家网出品大家.Youcanalsoexpecttobetakinggreatercontrolofyourcareer.Gonearethenine–to–fivejobs,lifetimesecurity,predictablepromotions,andeventheconventionalworkplace,asyouarefamiliarwith.(\o"参考答案：Don'texpectthatthecompanieswillprovideyouwithclearlydefinedcareerpath"46)大家网出品大家学习网大家网出品大家学习网大家网出品大家学习网大家网出品大家学习网大家网出品大家.Anddon’twaitforsomeoneto“empower”you.Youhavetoempoweryourself.PartIV ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth) (25minutes)SectionADirections: Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.SomeyearsagoIwasofferedawritingassignmentthatwouldrequirethreemonthsoftravelthroughEurope.Ihadbeenabroadacoupleoftimes,butIcouldhardlyeq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：D"47家)toknowmywayaroundthecontinent.Moreover,myknowledgeofforeignlanguageswaseq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：H"48家)toalittlecollegeFrench.Ihesitated.HowwouldI,unabletospeakthelanguage,eq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：O"49家)unfamiliarwithlocalgeographyortransportationsystems,setupeq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：G"50家)anddoresearch?Itseemedimpossible,andwithconsiderableeq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：M"51家)Isatdowntowritealetterbeggingoff.Halfwaythrough,athoughtranthroughmymind:youdon’tlearnifyoudon’ttry.SoIacceptedtheassignment.Thereweresomebadeq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：J"52家).ButbythetimeIhadfinishedthetripIwasanexperiencedtraveler,andeversince,Ihaveneverhesitatedtoheadforeventhemostremoteofplaces,withoutguidesoreveneq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：B"53家)bookings,confidentthatsomehowIwillmanage.Thepointisthatthenew,thedifferent,isalmostbydefinitioneq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：N"54家).Buteachtimeyoutrysomething,youlearn,andasthelearningpilesup,theworldopenstoyou.I’velearnedtoskiat40,andflownuptheRhineRiverinaeq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：C"55家),andIknowI’llgoondoingsuchthings.It’snotbecauseI’mbraverormoredaringthanothers.I’mnot.ButI’llacceptanxietyasanothernameforchallengeandIbelieveIcaneq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：A"56家)wonders.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A) accomplishI) manufactureB) advancedJ) momentsC) balloonK) newsD) claimL) reducedE) constantlyM) regretF) declareN) scaryG) interviewsO) totallyH) limitedEQ\o(http://www.TopS,)SectionBDirections: Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Globalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,but—regardlessofwhetheritisorisn’t—wewon’tdomuchaboutit.Wewillargueoveritandmayeven,asanation,makesomefairlysolemn–soundingcommitmentstoavoidit.Butthemoredramaticandmeaningfulthesecommitmentsseem,thelesslikelytheyaretobeobserved.AlGorecallsglobalwarmingan“inconvenienttruth,”asifmerelyrecognizingitcouldputusonapathtoasolution.Buttherealtruthisthatwedon’tknowenoughtorelieveglobalwarming,and—withoutmajortechnologicalbreakthroughs—wecan’tdomuchaboutit.From2003to2050,theworld’spopulationisprojectedtogrowfrom6.4billionto9.1billion,a42%increase.Ifenergyuseperpersonandtechnologyremainthesame,totalenergyuseandgreenhousegasemissions(mainly,CO2)willbe42%higherin2050.Butthat’stoolow,becausesocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergy.Weneedeconomicgrowthunlesswecondemntheworld’spoortotheirpresentpovertyandfreezeeveryoneelse’slivingstandards.Withmodestgrowth,energyuseandgreenhouseemissionsaremorethandoubleby2050.Nogovernmentwilladoptrigidrestrictionsoneconomicgrowthandpersonalfreedom(limitsonelectricityusage,drivingandtravel)thatmightcutbackglobalwarming.Still,politicianswanttoshowthey’re“doingsomething.”ConsidertheKyotoProtocol(京都议定书).Itallowedcountriesthatjoinedtopunishthosethatdidn’t.Butithasn’treducedCO2emissions(upabout25%since1990),andmanysignatories(签字国)didn’tadopttoughenoughpoliciestohittheir2008–2012targets.Thepracticalconclusionisthatifglobalwarmingisapotentialdisaster,theonlysolutionisnewtechnology.Onlyanaggressiveresearchanddevelopmentprogrammightfindwaysofbreakingourdependenceonfossilfuelsordealingwithit.Thetroublewiththeglobalwarmingdebateisthatithasbecomeamoralproblemwhenit’sreallyanengineeringone.Theinconvenienttruthisthatifwedon’tsolvetheengineeringproblem,we’rehelpless.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。\o"参考答案：D"57. Whatissaidaboutglobalwarminginthefirstparagraph?A)Itmaynotproveanenvironmentalcrisisatall.B)Itisanissuerequiringworldwidecommitments.C)Seriousstepshavebeentakentoavoidorstopit.D)Verylittlewillbedonetobringitundercontrol.\o"参考答案：C"58. Accordingtotheauthor’sunderstanding,whatisAlGore’sviewonglobalwarming?A)Itisarealitybothpeopleandpoliticiansareunawareof.B)Itisaphenomenonthatcausesusmanyinconveniences.C)Itisaproblemthatcanbesolvedonceitisrecognized.D)Itisanareaweactuallyhavelittleknowledgeabout.\o"参考答案：A"59. Greenhouseemissionswillmorethandoubleby2050becauseof大

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网.A)economicgrowthB)wastefuluseofenergyC)thewideninggapbetweentherichandpoorD)therapidadvancesofscienceandtechnology\o"参考答案：B"60. Theauthorbelievesthat,sincethesigningoftheKyotoProtocol,大

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网.A)politicianshavestartedtodosomethingtobetterthesituationB)fewnationshaveadoptedrealtoughmeasurestolimitenergyuseC)reductionsinenergyconsumptionhavegreatlycutbackglobalwarmingD)internationalcooperationhascontributedtosolvingenvironmentalproblems\o"参考答案：B"61. Whatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey?A)Globalwarmingismoreofamoralissuethanapracticalone.B)Theultimatesolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnology.C)Thedebateoverglobalwarmingwillleadtotechnologicalbreakthroughs.D)Peoplehavetogiveupcertainmaterialcomfortstostopglobalwarming.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Somedayastrangerwillreadyoure–mailwithoutyourpermissionorscantheWebsitesyou’vevisited.Orperhapssomeonewillcasuallyglancethroughyourcreditcardpurchasesorcellphonebillstofindoutyourshoppingpreferencesorcallinghabits.Infact,it’slikelysomeofthesethingshavealreadyhappenedtoyou.Whowouldwatchyouwithoutyourpermission?Itmightbeaspouse,agirlfriend,amarketingcompany,aboss,acoporacriminal.Whoeveritis,theywillseeyouinawayyouneverintendedtobeseen—the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked.Psychologiststellusboundariesarehealthy,thatit’simportanttorevealyourselftofriends,familyandloversinstages,atappropriatetimes.Butfewboundariesremain.Thedigitalbreadcrumbs(碎屑)youleaveeverywheremakeiteasyforstrangerstoreconstructwhoyouare,whereyouareandwhatyoulike.Insomecases,asimpleGooglesearchcanrevealwhatyouthink.Likeitornot,increasinglyweliveinaworldwhereyousimplycannotkeepasecret.Thekeyquestionis:Doesthatmatter?FormanyAmericans,theanswerapparentlyis“no.”WhenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlosingit.Asurveyfoundanoverwhelmingpessimismaboutprivacy,with60percentofrespondentssayingtheyfeeltheirprivacyis“slippingaway,andthatbothersme.”Butpeoplesayonethinganddoanother.OnlyatinyfractionofAmericanschangeanybehaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.Fewpeopleturndownadiscountattollbooths(收费站)toavoidusingtheEZ–Passsystemthatcantrackautomobilemovements,andfewturndownsupermarketloyaltycards.PrivacyeconomistAlessandroAcquistihasrunaseriesofteststhatrevealpeoplewillsurrenderpersonalinformationlikeSocialSecuritynumbersjusttogettheirhandsonapitiful50–cents–offcoupon(优惠券).Butprivacydoesmatter—atleastsometimes.It’slikehealth:Whenyouhaveit,youdon’tnoticeit.Onlywhenit’sgonedoyouwishyou’ddonemoretoprotectit.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。\o"参考答案：A"62. Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked”(Lines3–4,Para.2)?A)People’spersonalinformationiseasilyaccessedwithouttheirknowledge.B)Inthe21stcenturypeopletryeverymeanstolookintoothers’secrets.C)Peopletendtobemorefrankwitheachotherintheinformationage.D)Criminalsareeasilycaughtonthespotwithadvancedtechnology.\o"参考答案：C"63. Whatwouldpsychologistsadviseontherelationshipsbetweenfriends?A)Friendsshouldopentheirheartstoeachother.B)Friendsshouldalwaysbefaithfultoeachother.C)Thereshouldbeadistanceevenbetweenfriends.D)Thereshouldbefewerdisputesbetweenfriends.\o"参考答案：B"64. Whydoestheauthorsay“weliveinaworldwhereyousimplycannotkeepasecret”(Line5,Para.3)?A)Modernsocietyhasfinallyevolvedintoanopensociety.B)Peopleleavetracesaroundwhenusingmoderntechnology.C)Therearealwayspeoplewhoarecuriousaboutothers’affairs.D)Manysearchenginesprofitbyrevealingpeople’sidentities.\o"参考答案：D"65. WhatdomostAmericansdowithregardtoprivacyprotection?A)Theychangebehaviorsthatmightdisclosetheiridentity.B)Theyusevariousloyaltycardsforbusinesstransactions.C)Theyrelymoreandmoreonelectronicdevices.D)Theytalkalotbuthardlydoanythingaboutit.\o"参考答案：D"66. Accordingtothepassage,privacyislikehealthinthat大

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网.A)peoplewillmakeeveryefforttokeepitB)itsimportanceisrarelyunderstoodC)itissomethingthatcaneasilybelostD)peopledon’tcherishituntiltheyloseitPartV Cloze (15minutes)Directions: Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Universitiesareinstitutionsthatteachawidevarietyofsubjectsatadvancedlevels.Theyalsocarryoutresearchworkaimedeq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：A"67家)extendingman’sknowledgeofthesesubjects.Theemphasisgiventoeachofthesefunctionseq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：D"68家)fromuniversitytouniversity,accordingtotheviewsofthepeopleineq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：C"69家)andaccordingtotheresourcesavailable.Thesmallerandneweruniversitiesdonoteq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：B"70家)thestafforequipmenttocarryouttheeq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：D"71家)researchprojectspossibleinlargerinstitutions.eq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：A"72家)mostexpertsagreethatsomeresearchactivityiseq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：B"73家)tokeepthestaffandtheirstudentsineq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：C"74家)withthelatestdevelopmentsintheirsubjects.Moststudentsattendauniversitymainlytoeq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：A"75家)theknowledgeneededfortheirchoseneq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：B"76家).Educationistsbelievethatthisaimshouldnotbetheeq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：D"77家)one.Universitieshavealwaysaimedtoproducemenandwomeneq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：A"78家)judgmentandwisdomaswellasknowledge.Forthisreason,theyeq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：C"79家)studentstomeetotherswithdifferingeq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：C"80家)andtoreadwidelytoeq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：A"81家)theirunderstandinginmanyfieldsofstudy.eq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：A"82家)asecondaryschoolcourse,astudentshouldbeinterestedenoughinasubjecttoenjoygainingknowledgeforitsowneq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：D"83家).Heshouldbepreparedtoeq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：B"84家)sacrificestostudyhischoseneq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：A"85家)indepth.Heshouldhaveanambitiontomakesomeeq\x\bo(大\o"参考答案：C"86家)