教育与文化一-2021年高考英语阅读理解话题分类训练

(1)河北省“五个一”名校联盟2021届高三联考之C篇

Chinesehighschoolstudentshavethemostpositiveattitudetowardsonlinelearningcomparedwiththosein

theUnitedStates,JapanandtheRepublicofKorea(ROK),accordingtoareportreleasedbyChinaYouthDaily.

Thestudy,conductedbyresearchersatChinaYouthandChildrenResearchCenter,includingtheir

counterpartsintheotherthreecountries,covered3,903Chinesehighschoolstudents,1,521UShighschool

students,2,204Japanesehighschoolstudentsand1,618highschoolstudentsoftheROK.

Thereportshowedthatmostofthesurveyedstudentsinthefourcountriesembraceonlinelearning.

Onlinelearningisimportant"isperceivedby87.1percentofChinesestudents,and"on-learningisinteresting"

issupportedby91.2percentofChinesestudents,bothalittlehigherthanthatinanyoftheotherthreecountries.

Morethan94percentofChinesehighschoolstudentsbelievethatonlinelearningcanexpendscopeof

knowledge,while86.8percentbelievethattheycanlearnfromfirst-classteachersviatheInternet,accordingtothe

report.

Throughonlinelearningcanpushtheboundariesoftimeandspace,thereportsaidthestudentswereeasily

distracted,addingthatstudentsinthefourcountriesexpressedsimilarconcernsuchaspoorvision,relianceonthe

Internetandlesseffortinproblem-solvingontheirown.

8.WhatdomostChinesestudentsthinkofonlinelearning?

A.Itisofgreatimportance.

B.Itishelpfulbutkindofboring.

C.Ithelpsthemstayfocusedathome.

D.Itislessinterestingthanclassroomlearning.

9.Whichcanbestexplain"embrace"underlinedinparagraph3?

A.Schedule.B.Accept.

C.Abandon.D.Update.

10.Whichofthefollowingisoneoftheadvantagesofonlinelearning?

A.Itmakesstudentsfeelatschool.

B.Studentscanattendclassesgivenbyexcellentteachers.

C.Studentswillworkharderwhentheyarelearningonline.

D.Itenablesstudentstoknowmoreabouttheirclassmates.

11.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A.ChinaDailydidthestudy.

B.Americanstudentsdislikeonlinelearning.

C.Studentsintheworldenjoyonlinelearning.

D.Onlinelearningmayleadtostudents1badeyesight.

【答案】8.A9.B10.B11.D

【解析】

本文是一篇调查报告，据《中国青年报》近日发布的一份报告显示，与美国、日本和韩国相比，中国高中

生对网络学习的态度最为积极；同时报道又指出了网络学习的利弊。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。本题题干意为：大多数中国学生对在线学习有什么看法?根据文章第一段Chinesehighschool

studentshavethemostpositiveattitudetowardsonlinelearning,以及第四段Onlinelearningisimportant"is

perceivedby87.1percentofChinesestudents.可以推断出，大多数的中国学生认为网络学习很重要。故选

Ao

【9题详解】

词义猜测题。由第二段Onlinelearningisimportantuisperceivedby87.1percentofChinesestudents,and"on-

learningisinteresting1'issupportedby91.2percentofChinesestudents,bothalittlehigherthanthatinanyofthe

otherthreecountries.（87.1%的中国学生认为“在线学习很重要”，而91.2%的中国学生认为“在线学习很有

趣”，这两个比例都略高于其他三个国家）可知，四个国家的学生是支持网上学习的。故选B。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。本题题干意为：下列哪项是网上学习的优势之一？根据文章第五段Morethan94percentof

Chinesehighschoolstudentsbelievethatonlinelearningcanexpendscopeofknowledge,while86.8percent

believethattheycanlearnfromfirst-classteachersviatheInternet,accordingtothereport.（报告显示，超过94%

的中国高中生认为网络学习可以拓展知识面，而86.8%的人认为他们可以通过网络向一流的老师学习）可

知，C项：学生可以参加优秀教师的课程，符合题意。故选B。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Throughonlinelearningcanpushtheboundariesoftimeandspace,thereport

saidthestudentswereeasilydistracted,addingthatstudentsinthefourcountriesexpressedsimilarconcernsuchas

poorvision,relianceontheInternetandlesseffortinproblem-solvingontheirown.报告称，由于在线学习跨越

了时间和空间的界限，学生们很容易分心。此外，这四个国家的学生也表达了类似的担忧，比如视力不

佳、依赖网络、独立解决问题的能力较差。由此可知，在线学习可能会导致学生视力差。故选D。

(2)淮海中学2021届高三年级阶段性测试之A篇

SummerLeadershipProgramsforHighSchoolStudents

Doyouseeyourselfasaleader?Strongleadershipskillsareagreatwaytosetyourselfapartonacollege

applicationaswellasinyourfuturecareer.Belowarefoursummerprogramsthatwillgiveyouaheadstarton

improvingyourleadershipabilities.

TheBrownLeadershipInstitute

BrownUniversity'spre-collegesummerprogrammingincludesTheBrownLeadershipInstitute,amonth-long

leadershiptrainingsessionforhighschoolstudents.Theprogramaimstoapplyleadershipskillstosocialissues.

Throughcasestudies,discussionsanddebates,studentsexaminecomplicatedglobalissuesandlearntocomeup

witheffectivesolutions.

StudentsTodayLeadersForever

StudentsTodayLeadersForever,anationalnon-profitstudentleadershipassociation,offersthislive-in

summerexperienceforhighschoolstudents.Studentsparticipateinleadershipworkshopsandteam-building

activitieswithafocusonorganization,teamwork,communication,andanoverallcommitmenttoeffectingpositive

change.Therearetwosix-daysessionshostedonthecampusesofHamlineUniversity.

LeadershipintheBusinessWorld

Risinghighschoolseniorsinterestedinexploringundergraduatebusinessadministrationandleadershipare

encouragedtoapplytothisprogram,sponsoredeverysummerbytheWhartonSchooloftheUniversityof

Pennsylvania.Thetwo-weekprogramisofferedatbothofWharton*scampusesinSanFranciscoandPhiladelphia.

NationalStudentLeadershipConference

Thisprogramoffersafive-daycourseonMasteringLeadership.Itincludesaseriesofworkshopsthat

emphasizethe"PillarsofEffectiveLeadership",includinggoal-setting,groupbrainstorming,teambuilding,

people-convincingcommunication,andcommunityservice,aswellastakingfieldtrips,meetingwithleadership

professionals,andcompletingadayofserviceinthelocalcommunity.Datesandlocationsvary.

1.WhatcanstudentsdointheprogramofferedbyBrownUniversity?

A.Meetwithleadershipprofessionals.B.Participateincommunityservice.

C.Analyzedifficultworldissues.D.Takeseveralfieldtrips.

2.WhichprogramislocatedatHamlineUniversity^campuses?

A.StudentsTodayLeadersForever.B.TheBrownLeadershipInstitute.

C.LeadershipintheBusinessWorld.D.NationalStudentLeadershipConference.

3.Howlongdoestheprogramfocusingonbusinessadministrationlast?

A.Fivedays.B.Twelvedays.

C.Twoweeks.D.Onemonth.

【答案】1.C2.A3.C

【解析】

本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个为高中生举办的暑期领导力课程的情况。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中Throughcasestudies,discussionsanddebates,studentsexaminecomplicatedglobal

issuesandlearntocomeupwitheffectivesolutions.可知通过个案研究、讨论和辩论，学生检视复杂的全球问

题，并学会提出有效的解决方案。由此可知，在布朗大学的课程中，学生可以分析困难的世界问题。故选

C。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中Therearetwosix-daysessionshostedonthecampusesofHamlineUniversity.可知

有两个为期六天的会议在哈姆林大学的校园里举行。由此可知，StudentsTodayLeadersForever项目位于哈

姆林大学的校区。故选A。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Risinghighschoolseniorsinterestedinexploringundergraduatebusiness

administrationandleadershipareencouragedtoapplytothisprogram,sponsoredeverysummerbytheWharton

SchooloftheUniversityofPennsylvania.Thetwo-weekprogramisofferedatbothofWharton'scampusesinSan

FranciscoandPhiladelphia.可知我们鼓励有志于探索本科工商管理和领导力的高三学生申请该项目，该项目

由宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院每年夏天赞助。这个为期两周的课程在沃顿的旧金山和费城校区都开设。由

此可知，专注于工商管理专业的课程会持续两周时间。故选C。

(3)2021届南京市高三年级九月学情调研之D篇

Educationappearstoprotectolderadultsespeciallywomen,againstmemoryloss,accordingtoastudyby

investigatorsatGeorgetownUniversityMedicalCenter.

TheStudytesteddeclarativememoryin704olderadults(58-98yearsofage).Declarativememoryrefersto

ourabilitytoremembereventsfactsandwords,suchaswhereyouputyourkeysorthenameofthatnewneighbor.

Theinvestigatorsfoundthattheirmemoryperformancebecameprogressivelyworsewithaging.However,more

yearsofearly-lifeeducationcounteredtheseTosses,especiallyinwomen.

Forexample,thedeclarativememoryabilitiesofan80-year-oldwomanwithabachelor'sdegreewouldbeas

goodasthoseofa60-year-oldwomanwithahighschooleducation.So,fourextrayearsofeducationmakeupfor

thememorylossesfrom20yearsofaging.

“Simplysaid,learningbringsaboutleaming.^^saysthestudy'sseniorinvestigator,MichaelUnman."Since

learningnewinformationindeclarativememoryiseasierifitisrelatedtoknowledgewealreadyhave,more

knowledgefrommoreeducationshouldresultinbettermemoryabilities,evenyearslater,“addsthestudy'slead

author,JanaReifegerste.

"Evidencesuggeststhatgirlsoftenhavebetterdeclarativememorythanboys,soeducationmayleadtogreater

knowledgegainsingirls,“saysUllman.^Educationmaythusparticularlybenefitmemoryabilitiesinwomen,even

yearslaterinoldage.^^

Thestudytestedindividualsinanon-Westernpopulation.Participantsvariedinthenumberofyearsof

education,fromnoneatalltograduatestudies.Futureresearchisneededtotestwhetherthefindingsgeneralizeto

otherpopulations,Ullmansays.

“Thesefindingsmaybeimportant,especiallyconsideringtherapidlyagingpopulationglobally,Reifegerste

says."Theresultsargueforfiirthereffortstoincreaseaccesstoeducation.^^

"EducationhasalsobeenfoundtodelaythebeginningofAlzheimer'sdisease,“Ullmansays.6(Webelievethat

ourfindingsmayshedlightonwhythisoccurs.^^

12.Theunderlined"counter"inParagraph2probablymeans.

A.cancelB.change

C.replaceD.reduce

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph4referto?

A.Newinformation.B.Declarativememory.

C.Formereducation.D.Bettermemoryability.

14.Theresearchfindingsmayhelp

A.slowdowntheprocessofagingB.promotethedevelopmentofeducation

C.advancethestudyofAlzheimer'sdiseaseD.ensuretheequalrightsofwomen5seducation

15.Thepassagemainlytalksaboutthat__.

A.declarativememoryabilitiesfailwithaging

B.womenshouldtrytoobtainabachelor'sdegree

C.learningregularlyhelpsimproveoldadults'memory

D.early-lifeeducationhelpspreventmemorylossinoldage

【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.D

【解析】

这是一篇说明文.乔治城大学医学中心的一项研究表明，教育似乎能保护老年人，尤其是女性，防止记忆

力减退。文章主要说明了这一研究的过程，以及研究发现教育对于延缓衰老与疾病发生的益处。

【12题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第三段中Forexample,thedeclarativememoryabilitiesofan80-year-oldwomanwitha

bachelor'sdegreewouldbeasgoodasthoseofa60-vear-oldwomanwithahighschooleducation.可知，例如，

一位拥有学上学位的80岁老妇人的陈述性记忆能力与一位受过高中教育的60岁老妇人一样好。由此可

知，教育可以减少记忆能力的衰退。故划线词意思是“减少”。A.cancel取消；B.change改变；C.replace取

代；D.reduce减少。故选D。

【13题详解】

词义猜测题。根据上文Sincelearningnewinformationindeclarativememoryiseasier以及后文isrelatedto

knowledgewealreadyhave可知，如果新学到的信息和原先已有的知识有关，那么学起来就会更容易。由此

可知，it指的是“新信息”。故选A。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段"EducationhasalsobeenfoundtodelaythebeginningofAlzheimer'sdisease,"

Ullmansays.*'Webelievethatourfindingsmayshedlightonwhythisoccurs."可知，”教育也被发现可以延缓老

年痴呆症的发生，"UHman说：“我们相信，我们的发现可能会揭示这一现象发生的原因。’'由此可知，研

究结果可能有助于推进对阿尔茨海默病的研究。故选C«

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段Educationappearstoprotectolderadultsespeciallywomen,againstmemoryloss,

accordingtoastudybyinvestigatorsatGeorgetownUniversityMedicalCenter.可知,乔治城大学医学中心的一

项研究表明，教育似乎能保护老年人，尤其是女性，防止记忆力减退。结合文章还说明了这一研究的过

程，以及研究发现教育对于延缓衰老与疾病发生的益处。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲的是早期生活教育有

助于防止老年失忆。故选D。

(4)2021届南京市高三年级九月学情调研之A篇

"DonQuijote''byCervantesSaavedra

“4TreatiseofHumanNature''byDavidHume

Muchreadingandbook-learningcandriveyou

Examiningascientificallyappliedmoralphilosophy

totryandbecomeoneofthecharactersinyour

isthegoalofthisTreatise.

favoritenovels.ThisiswhathappenstoDonQuixote,

whoattemptsmanyknightly（骑士）actswhileBuildingonearlycomplaintsagainsttheendless

stoppedbyaworldthathasrejectedknightlyvirtues.guessesandargumentsbetweenphilosophers,thiswork

promotesamoveawayfrommetaphysical

Cervantescombinesallthreeelements-madness,

speculation（形而上学的思辨）andapermanentshift

comedy,andfantasy-inbetweenconversationsand

towardsystemsbasedonobservationalfact.

adventures.

“None"byB.Kovner“TheBrothersKaramasov^^byDostoevsky

Einstein'sfavoritereadingduringhislastfewInthebook,eachcharacterisrepresentativeofone

oftherulingclasses.

monthsofhislifewerehumoriststoriesofB.Kovner,

awriterfortheJewishDailyForward.KovnerwroteThereisthefatherFyodor,thelandownerwhois

carelessabouthisland,butgreedyinusingitsproduce

aseriesofhumoriststoriesinYiddishforthe

forhimself.There'sDmitri,whohasbeenpassed

forward.

aroundfromhousetohouse.AndgentleAlyosha,the

mysticpeacemaker.Throughoutarethemesoflove,