模拟卷01 2021年高考英语重难点押题金卷（江苏卷）（解析版）

模拟卷012021年高考重难点押题金卷（江苏卷）

英语

（满分150分，考试时间120分钟）

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改

动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试

卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一

遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.

答案是C»

1.HowsoonwillthepackagearrivewithEM?

A.Inabouttwoweeks.B.Inlessthantwodays.C.Inmorethanthreedays.

【答案】B

【原文】

W:IfIsendthispackagethirdclass,howlongwillittaketoarrive?

M:Abouttwoweeks.IfyouuseEMS,itis$35moreexpensive,butitcangettherewithintwodays.

2.Whatwillthewomandofortheman?

A.Tellhimthetime.

B.Takecareofhisluggage.

C.Helphimtofindhisluggage.

【答案】B

【原文】

M:DIbebackinaminute.Canyoukeepaneyeonmyluggageplease?

W:Sure,Tilbegladto.

3.Howmightthewomanfeel?

A.Satisfied.B.Annoyed.C.Excited.

【答案】B

【原文】

W:Icanhardlyhearthesinger.Thosefansaresocrazy.Theyaresoloud.

M:Aren'tyouexcited?

W:No!Mybrotherdraggedmehere.

4.WhatisOliviadoing?

A.She'sreadingjobads.B.She*seditingapaper.C.She'swatchingTV.

【答案】A

【原文】

W:Hello,Vivian.Haven'tseenyouforsometime!Whatareyoureading?

M:Justcheckingthejobpageofthelocalnewspaper.

5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Touristandguide.B.Strangers.C.Friends.

【答案】B

【原文】

W:Oh,sothezooisoverthere.Thankyousomuchforyourhelp.

M:You'rewelcome.Well,Tilgiveyoumyphonenumberandifyouneedaguide,pleasecallme.

第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项

中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各

小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whatmadethemaninterestedinstartingfoodbusiness?

A.Hisparents,influence.

B.Hispart-timejobinacafe.

C.Hisconsiderationforstudents.

7.Whatdidthemanoffertothestudents?

A.Drinks.B.Meals.C.Clothes.

【答案】

6.B7.B

【原文】

W:Wereyoualwaysinterestedinstartingafoodbusiness?

M:Actually,Iwasinterestedinsalesatfirstbecausethafswhatbothmyparentsdo.ButIusedtowork

part-timeinacafewhenIwasakid,andthat'swhatgotmeinterested.

W:Whatwasthefirstplaceyouopened?

M:Irentedacheapplaceneartheuniversity,andIstartedsellinglunchestothestudents.Theplacewas

alwayscrowdedatlunchtimes.So,onedayIsoldit.Withthatmoney,Iopenedamuchbiggerplace

downtown.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8.Forwhomdoesthemanwanttorentaflat?

A.Himself.B.Hisfamily.C.Heandhisfriends.

9.Whatistheman'sjob?

A.Heisacollegestudent.B.Heworksinacarfactory.C.Heworksinthecentralbank.

10.Howmanybedroomsdoesthemanprefertohave?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.

【答案】

8.C9.C10.C

【原文】

M:Hello.ThisisMartinHill.Tmringingtoseewhatflatsyouhaveforrentatthemoment.

W:Areyoulookingforaflatforyourself?Orafamilyperhaps?

M:Well,it'sforthreeofus:myselfandtwofriends—we'regoingtosharetogether.

W:Isee.Whataboutemployment--areyouallstudents?

M:Ohno,we'veallgotfiill-timejobs—twoofusworkintheCentralBank,that'sChrisandme,and

Phil-that'stheotherone...isworkingforHallamCars.

W:Isupposeyou'llbelookingforsomewherewiththreebedrooms?

M:Yeah—atleastthree.Butactually,we'dratherhaveafourthroomaswellforfriendsstaying.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11.Howdoesthemanwanttolearnwriting?

A.OntheInternet.B.Facetoface.C.Self-learning.

12.Whydoesthemanwanttotakewritingcourses?

A.Topublishhisworks.

B.Toenjoythefunofwriting.

C.Toearnmoremoney.

13.Whatkindofbrochurewillthemanreceive?

A.Fictionwriting.B.Businesswriting.C.Creativewriting.

【答案】

11.A12.C13.B

【原文】

W:Goodmorning.TheWritingSchool.CanIhelpyou?

M:Oh,hi.I'mringingabouttheonlinewritingcoursesyouadvertiseontheInternet.

W:OK.Youcanseeonourwebsitethatwehavealotofcourses.Whatareyouinterestedindoing?

M:Well,Idon'twanttopublishanything.Ijustwanttoraisethestandardofmyownwriting.

W:Yes,itdependsonwhetheryouwantto,youknow,writecreativelyorforfun.Wealsohavefiction

writingthatincludeswritingchildren'sstories.

M:Well,Iworkinanadvertisingagency,soI'dliketowritebettersothatI'dlikemysalarytorise.

W:OK,sowecansendyouourbrochureforbusinesswritingandifyouthinkitllberightforyou,

thenyoucansignup.

M:Great.Whathappensafterthat?W:Thenwesendyouthecoursepack.

听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。

14.Howdoesthemanthinkthetimetableshouldbe?

A.Creative.B.Standard.C.Tight.

15.Whatisthelasteventbeforelunch?

A.Thethrowingevents.

B.Thejumpingevents.

C.Thelongdistancerace.

16.Whywillthe100mracebethelasteventintheday?

A.Itattractsgreatinterest.

B.Itdemandsalotofpreparations.

C.Theschooldoesn'tpayattentiontothisevent.

【答案】

14.B15.B16.A

【原文】

W:Ihavenoideaabouthowtofinishthetimetable.

M:Youdon'thavetobeverycreative.It'sverystandardandmoreorlessthesameeveryyear.For

instance,thesportsdaybeginswiththrowingevents.Alljumpingeventslakeplacebeforelunch.

W:Why?

M:That'sbecausetheschooldoesn'twanttheathletestojumpaftereating.*1Thejumpingeventstake

placeafterthethrowingevents.Andthelongdistanceracetakesplacebeforejumpingevents.

W:Andafterlunch?

M:Actually,theschooldoesn*twantanyeventstotakeplaceinthattime.Buttheycanpractiseforthe

nextevent.

W:Doyoumeanthe100mrace?

M:Yes.Itseemstobethemostexcitingevent,soittakesplaceattheendoftheday,whichisover

around5:00p.m.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?

A.Acountry.B.Alanguage.C.Asport.

18.WhicharethemostimportantislandsinNewZealand?

A.NorthandStewartIsland.

B.SouthandStewartIsland.

C.NorthandSouthIsland.

19.WhatisAucklandknownfor?

A.Thehottestweather.

B.Thesailingboats.

C.Thebeautifulharbor.

20.WhichactivityisthemostpopularintheSouthAlps?

A.Skiing.B.Climbing.C.Skydiving.

【答案】

17.A18.C19.B20.A

【原文】

NewZealandisintheSouthPacific,aboutonethousandtwohundredmilessoutheastofAustralia.It's

notaverybigcountry,aboutthesamesizeasGreatBritain,butithasamuchsmallerpopulation,only

3.5million.Therearetwoofficiallanguages,EnglishandMaori.

NewZealandisdividedintotwomainislands,NorthIslandandSouthIsland.Thentothesouthof

SouthIslandthere'samuchsmallerislandcalledStewartIsland,butanyway,themostimportantislands

areNorthandSouthIsland.MostpeopleliveintheNorthIsland,andthafswherethetwobiggestcities

are,Wellingtonthecapitalcity,andAucklandwhichisactuallythebiggestcityintermsofpopulation:

overonemillionpeoplelivethere.WellingtonisonthesouthcoastofNorthIsland.It'saverynice

placewithabeautifulharbor.AucklandisinthenortheastofNorthIsland,onthecoasttoo.Peoplecall

it"thecityofsails“becauseofallthesailingboatsthere,andalltheareatothenorthofAucklandis

knownasNorthland.lt?sthehottestpartofthecountrywithlotsofbeaches,verypopularforholidays.

BothNorthandSouthareverymountainous.ThereareseveralvolcanoesonNorthIsland,and

SouthIslandisreallydividedintotwohalvesbyabigrangeofmountainsthatrunsfromnorthtosouth,

calledtheSouthAlps.They'reverybeautiful,withlotsoflakesinthesouth.That'stheareawheremost

peoplegoskiing,andsomedootheradventuresportssuchasclimbingorskydiving.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37・5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Theindependenceyouwant,thesafetyyouneed!

Inemergenciesbigorsmall,justpressthebuttonontheLivelyMobilePlustospeaktoour

highly-trainedUrgentResponseAgents24/7.TheLivelyMobilesPlushasthefastestcallresponsetime,

themostreliablenetworkcoverageandperfectGPStechnology.Also,therearenolong-termcontracts,

nocancelingfeesandnoequipmenttoinstall.Therefore,it'soneofthemostaffordablemobilemedical

warningsystemsyoucan.

TheLivelyMobilePlushastwo-waycommunicationthatworkslikeacellphoneoutsidethehome.

UsinghighGPSaccuracy,Agentswillconfirmyourlocation,assesssituationandgetyouthehelpyou

need.Ithasalong-lastingbatteryandit'swaterproof,soitgoesanywhereandeverywherethatyoudo.

WithourFallDetectionservice,Agentscansendhelpevenifyou'reunabletopressthebutton.

FallDetectionworkswithUrgentResponseandourspeciallydesignedlanyardtosensethesudden

movementofafall.Ifyouareunabletopressthebutton,theLivelyMobilePluswillautomaticallycall

anUrgentResponseAgent.

TherearethreemonthlyHealth&SafetyPackagesforyoutochoosefrom:

FunctionsBasic$19.99Preferred$29.99Ultimate$39,99

UrgentResponseq

UrgentCareq

GreatcallLink4

FallDetection

FirstMonthFreewklenboughtat:

画叩

Plus,AARPmemberscansave$60peryearonthePreferredorUltimatePlan.

21.LivelyMobilePlusismostusefulfor.

A.anoldmanlivingaloneB.aprimaryschoolstudent

C.acouplewithlittlekidsD.ateenagerstudyingabroad

22.HowmuchshouldanAARPmemberpayperyearifhebuysaLivelyMobilePluswithFall

DetectionserviceatBESTBUY?

A.$269.89.B.$379.89.

C.$439.89.D.$479.88.

23.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutLivelyMobilePlusisNOTtrue?

A.Theservicecanbecancelledfornothing.

B.Itcanbeusedintheshowerorintherain.

C.Urgentresponseisavailablearoundtheclock.

D.ItprovidesallDetectionservicewithanypackage.

【语篇解读】

本文是应用文。文章介绍了可以帮助独居老人出现紧急情况时的呼叫设备LivelyMobilePlus。

21.A【解析】推理判断题。文章标题提到"Theindependenceyouwant,thesafetyyouneed!（你想

要的独立，你需要的安全）”：文章最后一段中提到“WithourFallDetectionservice,Agentscan

sendhelpevenifyou'reunabletopressthebuttonsensethesuddenmovementofafall.（有

了我们的跌倒检测服务，即使你无法按下按钮，工作人员也可以发送帮助……感知突然的

跌倒）"可推知，LivelyMobilePlus对独居的老人是最适用的。故选A。

22.B【解析】细节理解题。表格中显示FallDetection服务是终极套餐里，每个月的价格为$39.99；

根据"FirstMonthFreewhenboughtat:BESTBUY”可知,在BESTBUY购买，第一个月是免费

的；"Plus,AARPmemberscansave$60peryearonthePreferredorUltimatePlan.（此外，美国

退休人员协会会员购买优先或终极计划一年可节省$60）"可知，美国退休人员协会（AARP）

会员在BESTBUY购买，一年的费用为$39.99*（12-1卜$60=$379.89。故选B。

23.D【解析】细节理解题。表格中显示FallDetection（跌倒检测）只在"Ultimate$39.99（终极套餐

$39.99）”里才包括，不是任意一个套餐都提供跌倒检测服务。故选D。

B

Sportsfandomisaboutmorethanjustentertainment.Itcanboostyourself-esteem（自尊）and

makeyouhappier—andyoudon'thavetorootforthewinningteamtogainthebenefits.

Beingasportsfanisa“verypsychologicallyhealthyactivity,5,saysDanielWann,professorat

MurrayStateUniversitywhoseresearchprogramcentersonthepsychologyofsportfandom.Fandom

connectsustootherlike-mindedpeople,whichsatisfiesourhumanneedforbelonging,hesays.

Theserelationshipsaresignificant:Peoplewhoidentifyassportsfanshavehigherlevelsof

self-esteem,lowerlevelsoflonelinessandtendtobemoresatisfiedwiththeirlivescomparedtothose

whoaren'tinterestedinsports,Wannsays.Fanstendtohavemoreaccesstosocialsupport,helpand

resourcesaswell.Researchsuggeststhatwhenpeoplehavesupportfromtheircommunities,theyhave

betterhealth.

Beyondbonding,fansgettoenjoythepsychologicalbenefitsofwinning,eveniftheyhavenothing

todowiththeplayersorgames,saysStephenReysen,associateprofessoratTexasA&M

University-Commercewhostudiesidentityandfandom.

*"Individualsfeelthatthefaninterest(inthiscaseasportteam)isapartofthem,^^Reysensays.

“Sowhentheteamiswinning,youfeellikeyouarewinningeventhoughyouarenotaplayer.^^

Ofcourse,teamssometimeslose.

So,whydopeoplecontinuetoputtheirfaithbehindteamsthattendtolose?Peoplewhofeela

strongpsychologicalconnectiontoateamaremorelikelytorootforateamwhenthey'rehavinga

losingseason,Reysensays.

“Sportsfandomhasnothingtodowiththeoutcomeofagame,“Wannsays.Forexample,ifapizza

restaurantcontinuallygotyourorderwrong,you'dlikelyswitchtoamorereliableone.Butbecause

beingafanissocentraltopeople'sidentities,peoplearewillingtoacceptdefeatandcontinuetobe

loyaltoateam.

Beingpartofafancommunitycanalsohelppeoplecopewithlosses.A2019studyfoundthat

watchingafootballgamewithotherfanshelpstoeasethenegativepsychologicaleffectsoflosing.

“Forfansofthelosingteam,sharingthepainmayhaveprotectedthemfromlosingself-esteem,

SilviaKnobloch-Westerwick,co-authorofthestudyandprofessorofcommunicationatTheOhioState

Universitysaidinarelease.

24.Accordingtothepassage,whydosportsfansfeelhappier?

A.Becausetheycouldgainthebenefitsfromthewinningteam.

B.Becausetheycansharepainsandhappinesswithpeoplewhohavethecommoninterests.

C.Becausetheycouldhavealowlevelofself-esteem.

D.Becausemostofthemareoptimistic.

25.Whatisthesignificanceoftherelationshipsbetweensportsfans?

A.Sportsfanshavesupportfromtheirfavoriteteams.

B.Sportsfanshavehigherlevelsofloneliness.

C.Sportsfansarelikelymorecontentwiththeirlives.

D.Sportsfanstendtocomparethemselvestothosewhoaren'tinterestedinsports.

26.Accordingtothepassage,iftheteamhasalosingseason,thesportsfansmay.

A.displaytheiridentities

B.haveaboostofself-esteem

C.notsupporttheteamanymore

D.haveanegativepsychologyperiod

27.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanhelpsportsfansdealwithlossesoftheirteam?

A.Beingpartoftheteam.

B.Orderingapizzainadifferentrestaurant.

C.Sharingthepainwithfamilymembers.

D.Theloyaltytotheteam.

【语篇解读】

这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述成为体育迷可以增强自尊，对生活的满意度更高及其原因。

24.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句"Fandomconnectsustootherlike-mindedpeople,

whichsatisfiesourhumanneedforbelonging,hesays.(他说，粉丝圈将我们与其他志同道合的

人连接在•起，这满足了我们人类归属感的需求。厂可知，成为体育迷可以和志同道合的

人分享痛苦和快乐，所以他们感觉更开心。故选B项。

25.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Peoplewhoidentifyassportsfhnshavehigherlevelsof

self-esteem,lowerlevelsoflonelinessandtendtobemoresatisfiedwiththeirlivescomparedto

thosewhoaren'tinterestedinsports,Wannsays.(Wann说,与那些对运动不感兴趣的人相比,

那些被认为是体育迷的人有更高的自尊水平，更少的孤独感，而且往往对自己的生活更满

意。）“可知，体育迷之间关系的意义在于体育迷可能对他们的生活更满意。故选C项。

26.D【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“A2019studyfoundthatwatchingafbotball

gamewithotherfanshelpstoeasethenegativepsychologicaleffectsoflosing.（2019年的一项

研究发现，与其他球迷一起观看足球比赛有助于缓解输球带来的负面心理影响可知，如

果球队的赛季输了，体育迷可能会有一个消极的心理时期。故选D项。

27.D【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“Butbecausebeingafanissocentraltopeople's

identities,peoplearewillingtoacceptdefeatandcontinuetobeloyaltoateam.（但因为球迷身

份是一个人身份的核心，人们愿意接受失败，并继续忠诚于一个球队。户可知，对球队的

忠诚能帮助球迷应对球队的失败。故选D项。

C

ThereisaschoolinmyManhattanneighbourhoodthathasbeengivingoutfreemealsduringthe

Covid-19pandemic-andeverytimeIwalkpastitthelineseemslonger.Acommunityfridgerecently

showedupacoupleofblocksaway;it'soneofmanythatactivistshavefixedacrossthecitytofight

againstgrowingfoodinsecurity.Justaroundthecornerthere'sayoungwomanwhohasbecomea

regularamongthebeggarsIusuallyseeinthearea.ShelostherjobbecauseofCovid-19.

It'snotalldoomandgloom.Whilethepooraregettingpoorer,the1%aremakingoutlikerobbers.

America's600-plusbillionairessawtheirwealthgrowbymorethan$700bninthefirstfewmonthsof

thepandemic.Duringthesameperiod,morethan50millionAmericanworkerslosttheirjobs.TheUS

governmenthasprintedtrillionsofdollarsineconomicreliefbutmanyoftheforgivableemergency

loansforsmallbusinessesseemtohavebeentakenbythesuper-rich.Mylocalindependentcoffeeshop

hascloseddown,butKanyeWestreceivedapartiallyforgivableloanworthatleast$2m.Itisbecoming

increasinglyclearthattheUSisexperiencingoneofthebiggestwealthtransfersinhistory.

BernieSandershasaplantohelp.Lastweek,Sandersintroducedabill,MakeBillionairesPayAct,

thatwouldestablishaone-time60%taxonbillionaires'pandemicgainsandusethemoneytoguarantee

Americansfreehealthcareforayear.Thereisverylittlechancethebillwillgetpassed.

Billionairesshouldn'texistinthefirstplace-theideathattheyshouldbetaxedatahigherrate

duringapandemictohelppayhealthcareshouldn'tberemotelycontroversial.However,therearesome

whothinksuchamovewouldbeextremelyunfairto“poorunfbrtunate^^billionaireswho,asweall

know,areoneofthemostunfairlyhurtgroupsintheworld.

28.Howdoestheauthordevelopthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Bylistingnumbers.B.Bygivingdefinitions.

C.Bypresentingarguments.D.Bymakingcontrasts.

29.Theunderlinedsentence"It'snotalldoomandgloom.^^impliesthat.

A.thewriterdoesn'tfeeldepressedatall

B.thecurrentsituationofCovid-19isgettingbetter

C.thewomanhassufferedmorethanwecanimagine

D.thebillionairesstillmakeprofitsduringthepandemic

30.Thebill,MakeBillionairesPayAct,wasputforwardto.

A.ridthecountryofpandemic

B.restrictthebillionaires'fortune

C.provideshort-termloansforhealthcare

D.ensuretemporaryfreemedicalservice

31.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthebillionaires?

A.Disapproving.B.Disappointed.

C.Sympathetic.D.Respectful.

【语篇解读】

这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在新冠病毒期间美国的贫富差距，并提到了一个法案，通过提

高富人的税率纳税来帮助支付其他美国人的医疗费用。

28.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段"ThereisaschoolinmyManhattanneighbourhoodthathas

beengivingoutfreemealsduringtheCovid-19pandemic-andeverytimeIwalkpastittheline

seemslonger.（我住的曼哈顿社区有一所学校，在Covid-19大流行期间一直在发放免费餐

食一一每次经过它，排队的人似乎都更长了。）〃可知，第一段主要讲述了在新冠病毒期间，

美国一些不富裕的人依靠救济生活的状况，第二段"America's600-plusbillionairessawtheir

wealthgrowbymorethan$700bninthefirstfewmonthsofthepandemic.Duringthesame

period,morethan50millionAmericanworkerslosttheirjobs.（在疫情爆发的头几个月里，美

国600多名亿万富翁的财富增长了逾7000亿美元。在同一时期，超过5000万美国工人失

去了工作。）〃说明在新冠病毒期间，美国富人反而赚了更多的钱。可见，作者对第一、二

段通过对比的手法展开，体现了美国的贫富差距之大。故选D项。

29.D【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段“America's600-plusbillionairessawtheirwealthgrowbymore

than$700bninthefirstfewmonthsofthepandemic.Duringthesameperiod,morethan50

millionAmericanworkerslosttheirjobs.（在疫情爆发的头几个月里,美国600多名亿万富

翁的财富增长了逾7000亿美元。在同一时期，超过5000万美国工人失去了工作。）〃可知，

第二段主要讲述了在新冠病毒期间，美国富人反而赚了更多的钱。第二段和第一段形成对

比，以体现美国的贫富差距之大，因此，作者这里说"It'snotalldoomandgloom.（这不全

是厄运和阴郁。）〃显然是在反讽，说明亿万富翁们在大流行期间仍在盈利。故选D项。

30.D【解析】细节理解题。week,Sandersintroducedabill,MakeBillionairesPay

Act,thatwouldestablishaone-time60%taxonbillionaires'pandemicgainsandusethemoney

toguaranteeAmericansfreehealthcareforayear.（上周，Sanders提H：｛了一项与去案《ih

亿万富翁支付法案》，该法案将对亿万富翁的流行病收益征收一次性60%的税，并用这笔

钱来保证美国人一年的免费医疗保健。）〃可知，Sanders提出的这项法案是用富人的钱去

保证美国人一年的免费治疗。因此这项法案的目的是保证美国人暂时的免费医疗服务。故

选D项。

31.A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段"Billionairesshouldn'texistinthefirstplace-theideathat

theyshouldbetaxedatahigherrateduringapandemictohelppayhealthcareshouldn'tbe

remotelycontroversial.（亿万富翁本来就不应该存在在流感大流行期间，他们应该以更

高的税率来帮助支付医疗保健费用，这一点根本就不应该引起争议〃可知，作者认为亿

万富翁本来就不应该存在，说明作者对亿万富翁是反对的。故选A项。

D

Ifyou'veeverwatchedPlanetEarth,youknowtheoceanisawildplacetolive.Thewateris

fullofdifferentecosystemsandorganismsvaryingincomplexityfromaneruditeoctopustoaseastar.

Unexpectedly,itistheseastar,asimpleorganismcharacterizedbyadecentralized（分散的）nervous

system,thatoffersinsightsintoadvancedadaptationtohydrodynamicforces—theforcescreatedby

waterpressureandflow.

Researchersfoundthatseastarseffectivelystayattachedtosurfacesunderextremehydrodynamic

loadsbyalteringtheirshape.Seastarscreatea"downforce0duetotheirshape.Thismeanthatinstead

ofbeingliftedbytheflowforces,theseastarsarepusheddownwardtowardtherockorfloorsurface

theyareon.

"Seastarsareincrediblyadaptive,nsaidLuhar,assistantprofessor.4<Whenthereishighwave

activityandhighwaterforces,seastarswillgrowskinnierandtakeonalowerprofile（姿态）.Whenthe

seastaristransportedtoashelteredenvironmentwithlowerhydrodynamicforces,theypopupabitand

theircrosssectionsgetbigger.'1

Understandingsuchshapeshiftingcouldhelpdesignunderwaterrobotsthatcansimilarlyadaptto

extremehydrodynamicenvironments,Luharsaid.

Theresearcherstestedthisunderstandingofseastarshapeanditsimpactonforceinthewaterwith

bothcomputationaland3-Dprintedmodels.U4Rightawaywhatwenoticed,"Luharsaid,"isthatinstead

oftheseastarsbeingpulledawayfromthesurfacestheywereon,theywerebeingpusheddown-

simplybecauseoftheirshape.”

Luharsaidtheresearcherssawthisdownforceeffectaskeytohowtheseastar-andinthefuture,

anunderwaterrobotcouldstayattchedtoaseabedorarockasopposedtobeingliftedupawayfromit,

eveninthemostextremeconditions.

32.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatimpressesusmostaboutaseastar?

A.Itssimpleorganism.B.Itsgreatadaptation.

C.Itsnervoussystem.D.Isphysicalappearance.

33.Howdoesaseastarmanagetostaywhereitisunderextremewaterflow?

A.Bycreatingupwardforce.B.Byshiftingitsshape.

C.Byliftingitselfupward.D.Byexpandingitssize.

34.Whatistherealvalueofthefindingsabouttheseastar?

A.Wecandevelop3-Dprintedmodels.

B.Wecanattachseastarstotheseabed.

C.Wecanmaketechnologicaladvances.

D.Wecanchangetheextremeconditions.

35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Canwemakearobotadaptiveunderwater?

B.Areseastarsincrediblyadvancedcreatures?

C.Arescientistsabletodesignunderwaterrobot?

D.Canwetransformseastars'shapeveryflexibly?

【语篇解读】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述研究人员发现，在极端的水动力载荷下，海星通过改变形状

而有效地附着在表面，这种发现能够帮助我们设计能够同样适应极端水动力环境的水下机器人。

32,B［解析］推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Unexpectedly,itistheseastar,asimpleorganism

characterizedbyadecentralized（分散的）nervoussystem,thatoffersinsightsintoadvanced

adaptationtohydrodynamicforces—theforcescreatedbywaterpressureandflow.（出乎意料

地，正是海星，一种特征是分散的神经系统的简单的有机体，让我们对高级的适应水动力

的能力有/深入了解——水动力是由水压和水流产生的力）”可知，海星给我们印象最深的

是它的适应能力。故选B。

33,B［解析］细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Researchersfoundthatseastarseffectivelystayattached

tosurfacesunderextremehydrodynamicloadsbyalteringtheirshape.（研究人员发现，在极端

的水动力载荷下，海星通过改变形状而有效地附着在表面广可知，海星依靠改变形状待在

极端水流下。故选风

34.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Understandingsuchshapeshiftingcouldhelpdesign

underwaterrobotsthatcansimilarlyadapttoextremehydrodynamicenvironments,Luhar

said.（Luhar说，理解这种形状改变可以帮助我们设计能够同样适应极端水动力环境的水下

机器人）“可知，对海星的这个发现能让我们设计出更先进的机器人，即推动技术进步。故

选Co

35.A【解析】主旨大意题。文章前三段主要讲述对海星的研究，研究人员发现，在极端的水动

力载荷下，海星通过改变形状而有效地附着在表面，接下来开始讲述这种发现能够帮助我

们设计能够同样适应极端水动力环境的水下机器人。由此可知，文章主要在讲述我们能不

能设计出能适应水下极端环境的机器人。故选Ao

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12・5分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

Throwingawayunwantedfoodhasbecomeabigissueinthedevelopedworld.However,people

inotherpartsofworldfacefoodshortagesandarestarving.36.Theactualfigureis1.3billiontonsof

food,whichisenoughtofeedabillionhungrypeople.

37.Afterall,theydogetridofstuffthat'spastitssell-by-dateandtheyoftenrefusetosell

vegetablesorfruitthatarethewrongshapeorlookdamaged.They'vealsobeencriticizedfor

encouragingcustomerstobuymorethantheyneedthroughpromotionssuchas'buyonegeto