西南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语专业硕士历年考研真题及详解

目录

2011年西南大学外国语学院211翻译硕

士英语考研真题及详解

2012年西南大学外国语学院211翻译硕

士英语考研真题及详解

2011年西南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

PARTIGRAMMAR&VOCABULARY(20POINTS)

Therearethirtysentencesinthissection.Beneatheachsentencethereare

fourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseonewordorphrasethat

bestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.

1．“Itishightimethedoctor_____amoveon.”thoughtoneofthemen.

A.gets

B.got

C.getting

D.wasgetting

【答案】B

【解析】句意：其中一人认为：“医生是时候采取进一步的行动了”。在

itishightimethat句式中，that引导的从句中的动词应使用过去式，意

为“是时候做……了”。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

2．Thisistheirresolutionthatextra-curriculumactivities_____partoftheir

schoollife.

A.aremade

B.weremade

C.wasmade

D.bemade

【答案】D

【解析】句意：课外活动是他们学校生活的一部分，这是他们的决定。

Thisistheirresolutionthat...should+，should可以省略。“activities”做主

语，与make是被动关系，所以用bemade。因此，本题的正确答案为

D。

3．Accustomedtoclimbingtrees,_____.

A.thetopwasnotdifficultformetoreach

B.toreachthetopwasnotaproblem

C.Ihadnodifficultytoreachthetop

D.Ihadnodifficultyreachingthetop

【答案】C

【解析】句意：习惯了爬树，对于我来说，够到上面没有任何困

难。“Accustomedtoclimbingtrees”在句中作原因状语，后面主句的主语

要与“习惯”构成主动关系，所以排除A，B。havedifficultytodosth做某

事有困难。因此，本题的正确答案为C。

4．Ibegto_____tomorrow’smeeting.

A.beexcused

B.beexcusedfromattending

C.beexcusednottoattend

D.excusefrombeingattended

【答案】B

【解析】句意：请允许我不能参加明天的会议。begtodosth请求做某

事。excusesbfromdoingsth允许某人免于做某事。因此，本题的正确答

案为B。

5．Onlywhenyouhaveacquiredafairlysoundknowledgeofgrammar

_____writeaccurately.

A.canyou

B.mustyou

C.youwill

D.youcan

【答案】A

【解析】句意：只有当你掌握了一定的语法知识，你才能够准确地写

作。onlywhen引导条件状语从句，意为“只有”，后面的主句要用倒装语

序。can表示“能够”。因此，本题的正确答案为A。

6．_____,hewouldnothaverecoveredsoquickly.

A.Hadn’tbeentakengoodcareof

B.Hadhenotbeentakengoodcareof

C.Hadnothebeentakengoodcareof

D.Hadhebeennottakengoodcareof

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果他没有受到很好的照顾，他将不会恢复地这么快。

在if虚拟条件句中，if可以省略,但从句的语序要用到装,既将were,had或

should移至主语的前面形成倒装,但否定词not不前移。因此，本题的正

确答案为B。

7．Helenapologizedfor_____theparty.

A.hernotbeingabletoattend

B.herbeingnotabletoattend

C.herbeingablenottoattend

D.notherbeingabletoattend

【答案】A

【解析】句意：海伦为她没能参加聚会而道歉。apologizetosbfordoing

sth因为做了某事而向某人道歉。beabletodosth能够做某事。因此，本

题的正确答案为A。

8．Whenyouaretraveling_____,youoftenneedtostayinahotel.

A.ifonbusinessorforpleasure

B.whetheronbusinessorforpleasure

C.whetherbusinessorpleasure

D.onbusinessorpleasure

【答案】B

【解析】句意：当你旅行的时候，无论是因为工作还是为了取乐，你都

经常需要呆在宾馆里。onbusiness出差。forpleasure为了取乐，为了消

遣。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

9．I_____writingthepaperasscheduled,butmymother’sillness

interfered.Ihopeyouwillexcuseme.

A.amtohavefinished

B.wastohavefinished

C.wastofinish

D.oughttofinish

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我就要按计划完成文章了，但是我妈妈的生病使我没有

按时完成。我希望你能理解。本题考查betohavedone，表示事与愿违

的虚拟语气。根据题意，文章是早该写好的，但是由于母亲生病耽搁

了，没有完成，而且是针对过去的事情，所以用wastohavefinished。因

此，本题的正确答案为B。

10．Heresented_____towait.Heexpectedtheminister_____himatonce.

A.tobeasked,tosee

B.beingasked,tosee

C.tobeasked,seeing

D.beingasked,seeing

【答案】B

【解析】句意：他讨厌被要求等候，他期望部长立即见他。resentdoing

sth讨厌做某事。expectsbtodosth期望某人做某事。因此，本题的正确

答案为B。

11．Thepopularityofthefilmshowsthatthereviewers’fearswere

completely_____.

A.unjustified

B.unjust

C.misguided

D.unaccepted

【答案】A

【解析】句意：电影的流行显示出评审员的担心是错的。unjustified不

正当的，未被证明是正确的。unjust不公平的。misguided被误导的。

unaccepted被拒绝的，为被接纳的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。

12．Theheadofthemuseumwas_____andletusactuallyexaminethe

ancientmanuscripts.

A.promising

B.agreeing

C.pleasing

D.obliging

【答案】D

【解析】句意：博物馆的负责人是热心的，还让我们真正检查古代的图

稿。obliging助人为乐的，与人方便的，体贴的。promising有前途的。

agree同意。agreeable和蔼可亲的，令人愉快的。pleasing令人愉快的。

因此，本题的正确答案为D。

13．Themultinationalcorporationwasmakingatake-over_____fora

propertycompany.

A.application

B.bid

C.proposal

D.suggestion

【答案】C

【解析】句意：这个跨国公司正在做兼并一个房地产公司的提案。

proposal提议，提案。application应用，申请。bid投标。suggestion建

议。因此，本题的正确答案为C。

14．Theparty’sreducedvotewas_____oflackofsupportforitspolicies.

A.indicative

B.positive

C.revealing

D.evident

【答案】A

【解析】句意：这个政党的投票减少表明其政策缺乏支持。indicative暗

示的，象征的，指示的。positive积极的。revealing暴露的，有启迪作用

的。evident明显的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。

15．Maryhopestobe_____fromhospitalnextweek.

A.dismissed

B.discharged

C.expelled

D.resigned

【答案】B

【解析】句意：玛丽希望下周出院。bedischargedfromthehospital出

院。dismissed解雇的。expelled开除的。resigned辞职的，顺从的。因

此，本题的正确答案为B。

16．Onceapictureisprovedtobeaforgery,itbecomesquite_____.

A.invaluable

B.priceless

C.unworthy

D.worthless

【答案】D

【解析】句意：一旦一幅图画被证明是赝品，那它就会一文不值。

worthless无价值的，一文不值的。invaluable，priceless无价的，非常贵

重的。unworthy不值得的，无价值的。beunworthytodosth不值得做某

事。因此，本题的正确答案为D。

17．Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin_____tohis

income.

A.comparison

B.proportion

C.association

D.calculation

【答案】B

【解析】句意：与收入相比，他用于度假和购买奢侈品的开支太高了。

inproportionto...与……成比例。incomparisonwith...与……相比。in

associationwith...与……有联系。calculation计算，估计。因此，本题的

正确答案为B。

18．Hewillhaveto_____hisindecentbehavioroneday.

A.answerto

B.answerfor

C.answerback

D.answerabout

【答案】B

【解析】句意：有一天，他将会对他不得体的行为负责。answerfor...

对……负责。answerto适应，符合。answerback应答，回复。answer

about关于。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

19．Wewerefilledwith_____aboutflyinginsuchbadweather.

A.troubles

B.obscurity

C.ignorance

D.misgivings

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我们对于在这么糟糕的天气下飞行充满担忧。

misgivings担忧，疑虑。troubles患难，麻烦。obscurity模糊，朦胧。

ignorance无知，愚昧。因此，本题的正确答案为D。

20．Wehavebeenhearing_____accountsofyourwork.

A.favored

B.favorable

C.favorite

D.favoring

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我们一直都听到你在工作中的好成绩。favorable有利

的，良好的，赞许的。favored有利的。favorite最喜爱的。favoring顺利

的，有帮助的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

PARTIICLOZE(20POINTS)

Decidewhichthechoicesgivenbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageif

insertedcorrespondingblanks.Markthebestchoiceforeachblankonyour

ANSWERSHEET.

Successfulscientistshaveoftenbeenpeoplewithwideinterests.Their

originalitymay(21)_____theirdiverseknowledge.Originalityoften

consistsinlinkingupideaswhoseconnectionwasnot(22)_____suspected.

Furthermore,varietystimulatedfreshnessofoutlook(23)_____tooconstant

studyofanarrowfieldtendsto(24)_____.Thereforereadingoughtnottobe

confinedtotheproblem(25)_____investigationnoreventoone’sownfield

ofscience,(26)_____,indeed,toscience(27)_____.However,outside

one’s(28)_____interests,inordertominimizetimespentinreading,one

canreadforthemostpart(29)_____,relyingonsummariesandreviewsto

(30)_____majordevelopments.Unlesstheresearchworker(31)_____wide

interestshisknowledgemaygetnarrowerandrestrictedtohisown(32)

_____.Oneoftheadvantagesofteachingisthatit(33)_____thescientistto

keepabreastofdevelopmentsinawiderfieldthanhe(34)_____would.

Itismoreimportanttohaveaclearunderstandingofgeneralprinciples,

without,however,thinkingofthemasfixedlaws,thanto(35)_____the

mindwithamassof(36)_____technicalinformationwhichcanreadilybe

foundinreferencebooksorcardindexes.For(37)_____thinkingitismore

importanttoseethe(38)_____thanthetrees;thestudentisindangerof

beingabletoseeonlythetree.Thescientistwithamaturemind,whohas

(39)_____agooddealonscientificmatters,hasnotonlyhadtoaccumulate

technicaldetailsbuthasacquiredenough(40)_____toseethewood.

21．A.derivefrom

B.havederivedfrom

C.bederivedfrom

D.havebeenderivedfrom

22．A.constantly

B.predominantly

C.previously

D.preciously

23．A.whereas

B.whereby

C.wherein

D.whereat

24．A.stupidity

B.wit

C.retard

D.dullness

25．A.over

B.under

C.on

D.by

26．A.ever

B.or

C.nor

D.neither

27．A.lonely

B.lonesome

C.lone

D.alone

28．A.immediate

B.instant

C.crucial

D.critical

29．A.profoundly

B.intensively

C.extensively

D.superficially

30．A.keepaccountsof

B.keepclearof

C.keepabreastof

D.keeptrackof

31．A.improves

B.elevates

C.cumulates

D.cultivates

32．A.specification

B.specialty

C.subject

D.superstition

33．A.forced

B.compelled

C.constrained

D.obliged

34．A.otherwise

B.however

C.unless

D.therefore

35．A.loot

B.load

C.loathe

D.loan

36．A.abstract

B.superficial

C.detailed

D.general

37．A.imaginative

B.visual

C.creative

D.factual

38．A.timber

B.log

C.forest

D.wood

39．A.reacted

B.responded

C.reflected

D.retrospect

40．A.property

B.perspective

C.prospect

D.prosperity

【答案与解析】

21．B根据原文可知“科学家经常是一些具有广泛兴趣的人们，他们的

创造性来源于其多领域的知识”。derivefrom源自，来

自。“originality”与“derivefrom”是主动关系。故选B。

22．C原文意在表达“创造性在于将人们没有怀疑过的，而又存在关联

的想法联系起来”。previously之前地。constantly持续地，不断地。

predominantly主要地，显著地。preciously昂贵地。故选C。

23．A根据上下文可知“领域的多样化会刺激产生新鲜的视角，而在过

于狭窄的领域进行持续的研究会让人变得迟钝”。whereas然而。whereby

借以。wherein在其中。whereat因何，随即。故选A。

24．Ddullness迟钝。stupidity愚蠢。wit智慧，才智。retard延迟，阻

碍。故选D。

25．B根据原文可知“阅读不应该局限于待研究的问题上面，也不应该

局限于自己的科学领域”。problemunderinvestigation待研究的问题。故

选B。

26．C根据上文可知作者意在表达“阅读，除了不应该局限于上述领域

外，甚至，也不应该局限于科学本身”。nor表否定。故选C。

27．Dsciencealone科学本身，科学自身。alone独自的，单独的。

lonely孤独地。lonesome寂寞的。lone寂寞的，单身的。故选D。

28．A根据原文可知“除了个人直接的兴趣，为了减少阅读花费的时

间，可以浅显地完成大部分的阅读。immediateinterest当下的，直接

的，随即的。instant瞬间的，立即的。crucial重要的，决定性的。critical

关键的。故选A。

29．D根据原文可知作者意在表达“肤浅的阅读”superficially表面地，肤

浅地。profoundly深刻地。intensively强烈地，集中地。extensively广泛

地，广阔地。故选D。

30．C根据上文可知“许多人为了节省阅读的时间，肤浅地阅读。为了

解最近的重大发现，他们依靠摘要和评述”。keepabreastof...了解……

的最新情况。keepaccountsof计较。keepclearof弄懂，明白。keeptrack

of...记录……。故选C。

31．D根据原文中的“unless”可知“除非以为研究人员广泛地培养自己的

兴趣，只专注于自己本专业的知识会让他的知识越来越狭窄”。cultivate

培养，陶冶。improve改善，增进。elevate提升，举起。cumulate累积，

堆积。故选D。

32．B根据原文“restrictedtohisownspecialty”可知作者意在表达“局限

于他自己的专业领域”。specialty专业。专长。specification规格，说明

书。subject科目，主题。superstition迷信。故选B。

33．D根据原文可知“教学的优点之一是使科学家紧跟重大发展”，

obligesbtodosth迫使某人做某事，具有“某人觉得自己有义务做某

事”的含义。force，compel都有“强迫”之意，指利用暴力，权利或个人

意志强迫他人做某事。constrainsbtodosth束缚某人做某事。故选D。

34．A根据上下文可知“通过教学，科学家和他原本状况相比，能够了

解到更广泛领域的重大发展”。thanheotherwisewould比他原本。

otherwise否则，另外，指另一种情况。故选A。

35．B根据原文可知“对一般原则有一个很清晰的了解是更重要的，而

不是把详细的具体信息塞满脑袋”。load负重，负荷。loot抢劫，掠夺。

loathe讨厌，厌恶。loan贷款。故选B。

36．C根据原文可知“amassofdetailedtechnicalinformation”意为“大量

详细的技术信息”。detailed详细的，精细的。abstract抽象的。superficial

表面的，肤浅的。general一般的，普通的。故选C。

37．C根据上下文可知作者意在表达“根据创造力的要求，看到木头

（事物的本质）要比看到树更为重要”。creatingthinking创造力。

creative创造性的，富于创造力的。imaginative富于想象力的。visual视

觉的。factual事实的，真实的。故选C。

38．Dwood木头，木材。timber木料。log伐木。forest森林。故选D。

39．C根据原文可知“对于成熟的科学家来说，他能反映出很多科学问

题”，reflect反映，反射，反思。react反应。respond回应，回答。

retrospect回顾，追溯。故选C。

40．B根据原文可知“成熟的科学家不仅能积累很多技术细节，还能够

拥有足够的视角看到木头”。perspective视角。property性质，所有权。

prospect前景，前途。prosperity繁荣，成功。故选B。

PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(20POINTS)

Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedby20questionsorunfinished

statements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA.B,CandD.Choose

theonethatyouthinkisthecorrectanswer.

MarkyourchoiceonyourANSWERSHEET.

TEXTA

Afteryearsofprosperingastheworld’sworkshop,Chinanowwantstobeits

laboratoryaswell.“Innovation”hasbecomeanationalbuzzword,and

Chineseleadershavebeentossingitintotheirspeechessincethebeginning

oftheyear,whenPresidentHuJintaostartedanambitiouscampaigntodrive

China’seconomyfurtherupthevaluechain.True,newcampaignsandcatch

phrasesaredeclaredbythegovernmentandtheCommunistPartyinChina

allthetime,andtherearesignsthatthegovernmentintendstobackits

innovationcampaignwithmorethanjustwords.

Inlaunchingtheir“NationalMediumandLong-TermProgrammefor

ScientificandTechnologicalDevelopment(2006-20)”,HuJintao,Wen

Jiabao,andothertopofficialshavevowedtospendmoreonscienceand

technology,andtoinsistonbusinessreforms.TheirgoalistomoveChina

beyonditsdependenceonnaturalresourcesandcheaplabor,andstakeits

placeamongliveeconomiesthatdependoneducationandinformation

technology.

Officialssayprivatelythatthenewpolicyemergedonlyafteryearsof

contentiousinternaldebate.Onedividewasbetweennationalists,who

advocatedago-it-aloneapproachtowardsdevelopingindigenoustechnology,

andotherswhoweremoreopentointernationalcollaboration.Therewere

abodisagreementsastowhetherthecampaignshouldconcentrateon

scientificmega-projectsorincrementalinnovation.

OnetargetistoreduceChina’sdependenceonimportedtechnologyto30%

orlessby2020.AccordingtoProfessorFangXin,oftheChineseAcademy

ofSciences,theinitiativeisamatterofnecessity.Chinamustlearnto

innovateifitistosustaingrowth.Foreignfirms,shenotes,reapmorethan

60%oftheprofitsfromChina’shigh-techexports.Otherofficialssaythat,on

average,China’s20,000largeandmedium-sizedenterprisesundertakefewer

thanfivenewdevelopmentprojectsandgenerateonlytwoandahalfnew

productseachyear.

Theplanalsocallsforanincreaseinresearchanddevelopmentspending

fromitscurrent1.23%ofGDPto2.5%by2020,puttingChinainthesame

rangeasOECDcountries’currentscores.Ms.Fangsaysbanksand

governmentdepartmentswillbetoldtohelpoutwiththeircredit,taxation

andcurrencyexchangepolicies.AccordingtoDenisSimonoftheState

UniversityofNewYork’sLevinInstitute,whoadvisestheChinese

governmentonsciencepolicy,thismovecomesjustintime.“IfChina

doesn’tdothisright.”hesays,“itrisksbecomingagood20th-century

industrialeconomyjustwhenitneedstofigureouthowtobea21st-century

knowledge-basedeconomy.”

Buttosucceed,saysMr.Simon,Chinaneedstoattendtoothermattersas

well.Theseincludean“internalbraindrain”thatseesmuchofthecountry’s

besttalentgoingtoworkforforeignfirmsinChina,andthecountry’s

notoriouslylaxregimeforprotectionofintellectual-propertyrights.Mr.

Simonpredictsthatsuchprotectionwillimproveasmorelocalbusinesses

withaninterestinthematterjointhechorusofcomplaintsfromforeigners.

AnotherhugeobstacleisthenatureofChina’seducationalsystem,which

stressesconformityanddoeslittletofosterindependentthinking.Confucian

philosophyreverestheteacheraboveall.MoreinnovativeWestern

economies,accordingtoMs.Fang,operateunderAristotle’smaxim:“Ilove

myteacherPlatogreatly,butIlovetruthmore.”

41．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Chinaisgettingseriousaboutinnovation

B.NationalMediumandLong-TermProgrammeforScientificand

TechnologicalDevelopmentiswellunderway

C.NecessityofeducationreforminChina

D.Measuresforsustainingeconomicgrowthintheyearstocome

42．WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrectaccordingtothepassage?

A.By2020,Chinawillhavebecomeaneconomythatdependsmoreon

educationandinformationthanonnaturalresourcesandcheaplabor.

B.By2020,Chinawillreduceitsdependenceonimportedtechnologyto

30%orless.

C.By2020,Chinawilldoubleitsexpenditureonresearchanddevelopment.

D.By2020,Chinawillbeabletoreapmorethan60%oftheprofitsfromits

high-techexports.

43．Toensurethesuccessfulimplementationoftheplan,expertssuggestall

ofthefollowingmeasuresFXCFPTthat_____.

A.governmentdepartmentsshouldhelpoutwiththeirtaxationendcurrency

exchangepolicies

B.conformitytoConfucianphilosophyshouldbeencouraged

C.protectionofintellectual-propertyrightsshouldbeimproved

D.policiesshouldbeadoptedtoattractmoretalenttoworkforChina’sfirms

44．By“internalbraindrain”,theauthorprobablymeansthat_____.

A.manyChinesescientistsareworkingforforeignfirmsinsteadofChinese

ones

B.Chinesescientistsarenotsotalentedastheirwesterncounterparts

C.thebrainpoweroftheChinesebecomesdepleted

D.theinsideofthebrainisdamaged

45．Accordingtothelastparagraph,_____.

A.Chineseteachersdeservehigherregardfortheirwork

B.ChineseeducationshouldpersistentlyupholdConfucianism

C.ChineseeducationshouldoperateonWesternphilosophy

D.Chineseeducationsystemneedsreformorientatedtowardcultivating

independentthinking

【答案与解析】

41．A根据文章第一段“‘Innovation’hasbecomeanationalbuzzword,and

Chineseleadershavebeentossingitintotheirspeechessincethebeginning

oftheyear...”可知创新在中国成为了一个流行词，从年初开始，就融入

了中国国家领导人的演讲中。为了成为创新型国家，不再单纯依赖自然

资源发展经济，中国就此制定了多种规划。由此可知，本文重点在介绍

中国对创新的重视。故选A。

42．D根据文章第二段最后一句“Theirgoal...naturalresourcesandcheap

labor,andstakeitsplaceamongliveeconomiesthatdependoneducationand

informationtechnology”可知中国的目标是不再依赖自然资源和廉价劳动

力，而是转向依靠教育和科技实现发展。故A正确。根据文章第四段第

一句“OnetargetistoreduceChina’sdependenceonimportedtechnologyto

30%orlessby2020”，到2020年，目标之一就是将中国对进口科技的依

赖降低到30%或者更少。故B正确。根据文章第五段第一句“Theplan

alsocallsforanincreaseinresearchanddevelopmentspendingfromits

current1.23%ofGDPto2.5%by2020”可知到2020年，中国用于研发的

资金会从占GDP的1.23%上升到2.5%。即投资会加倍。故C正确。故选

D。

43．B根据文章第五段提到的“banksandgovernmentdepartmentswillbe

toldtohelpoutwiththeircredit”可知银行和政府部门将会提供信贷的帮

助。故A正确。根据文章倒数第二段提到的“Buttosucceed...Chinaneeds

toattendtoothermatters...includecountry’snotoriouslylaxregimefor

protectionofintellectual-propertyrights...Simonpredictsthatsuchprotection

willimprove”可知为了留住人才，减少流失，中国会改善对专利权的保

护。故C，D正确。根据原文最后一段提到的“另一个障碍是中国的‘老师

至上’的教育制度不利于学生的独立思考”。故选B。

44．A根据文章倒数第二段第二句“an‘internalbraindrain’thatsees

muchofthecountry’sbesttalentgoingtoworkforforeignfirmsinChina”可

知中国的人才外流是指国内许多的杰出人才都在为中国的外企工作。故

选A。

45．D根据文章最后一段可知“根据中国的教育，学生尊重和敬畏老

师，这不能鼓励独立思考，更不利于创新，而在西方创新型国家的教育

下，学生尊重老师的同时，更尊重真理。而后者更有利于创新”。所以

推测中国鼓励教育改革，推动通过教育来促进学生的自主思维和创新。

故选D。

TEXTB

Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material“things”—physicalobjects

thatcanbeseen,held,felt,used—thatacultureproduces.Examininga

culture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandway

oflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpusto

understandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof“things”init,of

course,aremusicalinstruments.Wecannothearforourselvestheactual

soundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonograph

wasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationabout

music-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwo

kindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturesinart.

Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellpreservedpaintings,written

documents,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNear

EasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNear

EasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultsinthedevelopmentofmostofthe

instrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra.

Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefined

folkmusic-culturesasthoseinwhichpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyear

ratherthanfromprint,butresearchshowmutualinfluenceamongoraland

writtensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,Britain,andAmerica,

printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yet

theystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongs.Besides,theability

toreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenit

becomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureasawhole.

Onemoreimportantpartofmusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledoutthe

influenceoftheelectronicmedia-radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,

television,andvideocassette,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsinging

computersandotherdevelopments.Thisisapartofthe“information

revolution,”atwentiethcenturyphenomenonasimportantastheindustrial

revolutionwasinthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimited

tomodemnations;theyhaveaffectedmusic-culturesallovertheglobe.

46．Researchintothematerialcultureofanationisofgreatimportance

because_____.

A.ithelpsproducenewculturaltoolsandtechnology

B.itcanreflectthedevelopmentofthenation

C.ithelpsunderstandthenation’spastandpresent

D.itcandemonstratethenation’scivilization

47．Itcanbelearnedfromthispassagethat_____.

A.theexistenceofthesymphonywasattributedtothespreadofNearEastern

andChinesemusic

B.NearEasternmusichadinfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheinstruments

inthesymphonyorchestra

C.thedevelopmentofthesymphonyshowsthemutualinfluenceofEastern

andWesternmusic

D.themusicalinstrumentsinthesymphonyisthebasisofNearEastern

music

48．Accordingtotheauthor,musicnotationisimportantbecause_____.

A.ithasagreateffectonthemusic-cultureasmoreandmorepeopleareable

toreadit

B.ittendstostandardizefolksongswhenitisusedbyfolkmusicians.

C.itistheprintedversionofstandardizedfolkmusic

D.itencouragespeopletopopularizeprintedversionsofsongs

49．Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheintroductionofelectronic

mediaintotheworldofmusic_____.

A.hasbroughtaboutaninformationrevolution

B.hasspeededupthearrivalofanewgenerationofcomputers

C.hasgivenrisetonewformsofmusicculture

D.hasgiventothetransformationoftraditionalmusicalinstruments

50．Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Musicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerorlaterbe

replacedbycomputers.

B.Musiccannotbepassedontofuturegenerationunlessitisrecorded

C.Folksongscannotspreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheets.

D.Thedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentonitsmaterial

aspect

【答案与解析】

46．C根据文章第一段提到的“Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnology

cantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwayoflife”可知研究一个民族的物

质文化非常重要，因为它帮助我们了解这个民族的历史和生活方式。故

选C。

47．B根据文章第一段最后一句“wecanoutlinethespreadofNear

EasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultsinthedevelopmentofmostofthe

instrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra”可知近东对欧洲产生了广泛的影

响，这导致了大多数交响乐器的发展。故选B。

48．A根据文章倒数第二段最后一句“theabilitytoreadmusicnotation

hasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,on

themusic-cultureasawhole”可知读乐谱的能力对音乐家的影响重大，当

得到广泛传播以后，对整个音乐文化也产生了重要的影响。故选A。

49．A根据文章最后一段可知“电子媒介的对音乐的物质文化产生了重

要的影响，它是信息革命的一部分，它在20世纪所起到的作用相当于19

世纪工业革命的作用”。故选A。

50．D文章第一段提到了“researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccan

helpustounderstandthemusic-culture”研究音乐的物质文化可以帮助我们

理解音乐文化。随后作者介绍了musicalinstruments，phonograph，

musicnotation，electronicmedia-radio的作用和影响。可知文章主要介绍

了“音乐文化的发展非常依赖于其物质方面的发展”。故选D。

TEXTC

Whatnon-drugtreatmentsworktocombatattention-deficithyperactivity

disorder(ADHD)?It’saquestionmoreparentsareaskingdoctors,prompted

bynewconcernsaboutthesafetyofmedicinesusedtotreataproblemthat

affectsanestimated4.4millionAmericanchildren.

Inthepastthreemonths,twoadvisorycommitteeshaverecommendedthat

warninglabelsonADHDdrugs,mostofthemstimulantssuchasRitalin,be

strengthenedbecauseoftheirpossiblelinkstorarecardiacproblems.

ConcernsaboutmisuseandoverprescriptionofADHDdrugsarenotnew.

Buthopethatthecommonneurobehavioraldisordercouldbeeffectively

treatedwithoutmedicationwasdealtaseven;blowsevenyearsagowhena

landmarkstudyofnearly600school-agechildrenfoundthatmedications

werethemosteffectivetreatment.

Thatstudyalsofoundthatthebestoutcomes,measuredbyparental

satisfactionandsomeacademicstandards,weretheresultof“combination”

treatment:medicationsthatreducehyperactivityandimproveconcentration,

andbehaviortherapytoaddresssomeofthemoresubtlesymptoms.

Whileothernon-drugtreatments—playtherapy,cognitivetherapy,

psychotherapyandspecialdiets—havebeenregardedaspromising,only

behavioraltreatmenthasbeenshowntowork.Butexpertscautionthatitisan

adjunctto,notasubstitutefor,medication.

AlthoughADHDspecialistssaytheyconsiderbehaviortherapyakey

componentofeffectivetreatmentandonethathasinspiredarecent

resurgenceofinterest,manyparentsdon’tinvestthetimeandeffort

necessaryforittobeeffective.

“There’ssomuchlipservicepaidto[combined]treatments,butalotof

peoplejustrelyonmedicationalone,”saidWilliamLColeman,a

developmentalpediatrician.“Weareaquick-fixsocietyandwewantresults.

There’salotoftimepressureonparentsandonteachers.”

Abehaviortherapyregimencanbedevelopedbyapediatricianoraschool

psychologistoranothermentalhealthworker.Basedonastructuredsystem

ofrewardsandconsequences—suchasincreasedordecreasedTVorvideo

gameprivileges—theprogramalsoincludeschangesinachild’senvironment

tominimizedistractions.Parentsalsoreceivetraininginhowtogive

commandsandwaystoreactwhenachildobeysordisobeys.

Expertssaybehavioraltherapysoundseasierthanitis.Parentsoften“havean

inappropriateexpectationofwhatmedicationscando,”observedWashington

pediatricianPatriciaQuinn.“Drugsdon’timproveself-esteem,lime

managementororganizationalskills.Buttheproblemisthetrick,Quinnsaid,

istokeepthingssimple,especiallyforyoungerchildren,whichenablesthem

tosucceed,therebyreinforcingthedesiredbehavior.

McLeanchildpsychiatristThomasKobylskicomparesADHDtodiabetes:

Medicationsarenecessarybutnotsufficientforbothconditions.Children

withADHD,hesaid,needmedicationaswellastheskillsthatbehavior

therapyteachestofunctionwellathomeandatschool.Thereisanadded

benefitfromcombinationtreatment,saidKobylskiStudieshavefoundthat

childrentreatedwithbehaviortherapycantakealowerdoseofmedication,

Kobvlskisaid.

PublicrelationsexecutiveSusannahBudingtonbeganusingbehaviortherapy

severalyearsago,shortlyafterAllison,theoldestofherfivechildren,was

diagnosedwithADHDandstartedtakingConcern.

“She’ssuchanenthusiastic,wonderfulkidIwouldneverwanttomedicate

thataway,”saidBudington.Concerts,shesaid,enablesAllisontobeless

impulsiveandmorecooperative,butbehaviortherapyhashelpedthe12-

year-old“operateaspartofourfamily,toplaysoccerandtodothingswith

herfriends.It’sextremelyimportant.”

Oneofthebiggestproblems,Budingtonsaid,hasbeengettingAllisontodo

herhomeworkwithoutincessantreminders.OneofthetechniquesBudington

andherhusbandrecentlydevisedinvolvesAllison’sdesiretogetherears

pierced,somethingherparentshaveagreedthatshecandowhensheturns

13.WhenAllisondoesherhomeworkwithoutprompting,shegetsachipshe

canusetomoveupthecar-piercingdatebyaweek.Badbehaviormeansa

weekisadded.

TrishWhite,nmanageratCHAAD,saidthattheinvolvementofherson’s

schoolinhisbehavioralprogramhasbeencriticaltotheprogress.Oncea

childisdiagnosedwiththedisorder,federallawrequiresthattheschool

deviseanindividualizededucationplan