2023学年完整公开课版虚拟语气 1

theSubjunctiveMood

in“if”clause

虚拟语气在“if”条件句中的用法

​TheButterflySong

​

IfIwereabutterfly,I’dthankyouLordforgivingmewings

IfIwerearobin（知更鸟）inatree,I’dthankyouLordthatIcouldsing

IfIwereafishinthesea,I’dwiggle（摆动）mytailandI’dgiggle（咯咯笑）withglee（欢喜）

ButIjustthankyoufatherformakingme,me.

​IfIwereabutterfly,I’dthankyouLordforgivingmewings.

IfIwerearobin

inatree,I’dthankyouLordthatIcouldsing.

​Thesesentencesrefertoawishthatcan’tbetrue.（不可能实现的愿望）IfIfeeldepressedIwillsing.

IfIfeelsadIwilllaugh.

IffeeluncertainIwillraisemyvoice.Thesesentencesrefertoatruesituation.（一个事实）Subjunctivemoodisusuallyusedtotalkaboutthesituationsthatarenottrueornotlikelytobecometrue.表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望或推测。​theSubjunctiveMood

in“if”clause

虚拟语气在“if”条件句中的用法IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.IfI

livedonthemoonatpresent,Imightseethebeauty—Chang’e.​【Findtherules（自我发现）】If…________sth,…________________sth.did/were（过去式）would/could/might/shoulddo（动词原形）1.Contrarytothepresent（与现在事实相反）1.Ifit

(be)finenow,I

(go)shopping.werewouldgo【即学即用】​​2.IfI

(have)alotofmoney,

I

(help)thosepoorpeople

.hadwouldhelpwouldbe3.Ifeveryone__________(live)alow-carbonlifenow,theearth_________(be)saved.​lived----Whatwouldyoudoifyouhadonemilliondollars?----IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwould________________.​AnswermyquestionIfyouhadattendedthemeetingyesterday,youwouldhavemether.Ifthedoctorhadcome

lastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved.​If…______sth,…________________

sth.2.Contrarytothepast（与过去相反）

haddone（过去完成）would/could/might/shouldhavedone

（现在完成）【Findtherules（自我发现）】4.IfI_______(have)timelastnight,I______________(see)theLoveoftheHawthornTree.wouldhaveseenhadhad【即学即用】​5.Ifhe_________(drive)morecarefully,he____________________________________(nothave)anaccidentyesterday.haddriven

wouldnothavehad

​IfIhadtimenextweek,Iwouldhelpyou.IfIshouldhavetimenextweek,Iwouldhelpyou.IfIweretohavetimenextweek,Iwouldhelpyou.​If…_______sth,…_________________sth.would/could/might/shoulddo（原形）3.Contrarytothefuture（与将来事实相反）

didweretodoshoulddo【Findtherules（自我发现）】

6.Ifit_________________________(be)ChristmasDaytomorrow,I_____________(get)somegifts.were

/should/weretobewouldget

【即学即用】​7.Ifyou_______________________(get)afullmarknexttime,I_____________(treat)youtocandies.

got/weretoget/shouldgetwouldtreat

Mark:

100​8.IfI___________________________(have)timeonFeb.4th,2022,I_________(go)toZhangjiakoutowatchtheBeijingWinterOlympicGames.had/weretohave/shouldhavewouldgo

themascotsoftheBeijingWinterOlympicGames(2022)​一、小结：虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法​条件从句If从句谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在(Present)过去(Past)未来(Future)would/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+havedone过去完成式(haddone)

过去式(did/were)

过去式/should/wereto+Vwould/could/should/might+V.(原)Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.

Shoulditraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.Ifwehadworkedharder,wewouldhavewonthegame.

Hadweworkedharder,wewouldhavewonthegame.​二、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.=WereIyou,Iwouldstudyhard.IfIamafish,Icouldswimfreelyinthesea.___1.Correctthemistakewere​2.IfmyEnglishteacherhadn’thelpedme,I_________thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon​3.变为倒装句Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittothepark.

Shoulditraintomorrow____________________,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittothepark.​4.Thismachineisofgoodquality.Ifit_________breakdowninthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A.wouldB.should C.could D.might​Groupwork：我收获，我创作Workingroupsoffourtomakeapoemofwishes.Eachofyouwillmakeasentencebyusing“IfIwere…,Iwould….”.Jointhesentencestogetherandendthepoemwiththesentence“ButsadlyI’mnot,soImustmakethebestoflifeasitis.”​

IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyinthebluesky.IfIwereababy,Iwouldnevercry.IfIwereabrightstar,Iwouldshineatnight.IfIwereamillionaire,Iwouldtraveleverywhere.ButsadlyI’mnot,soImustmakethebestoflifeasitis.”​含蓄条件句

假设的条件是借助介词或上下文(with,without,butfor或but,or,otherwise)表示出来，而不用if。Withoutwater,therewouldbenolife.=________________________,therewouldbenolife.Butforyourhelpyesterday,Icouldn’thavefinishedthework.=______________________________,Icouldn’t…​IftherewerenowaterIfyouhadn’thelpedme/Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelpTheygottwofreetickets,or/otherwisetheycouldneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogotoCanada.=If__________________________________Icouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.=If_____________________________​

theyhadn’tgottwofreetickets,theycouldneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogotoCanada.Ihadn’tbeentoobusy,Icouldhavegivenyoumorehelp.★从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时：Ifyou

hadasked

himyesterday,you

would

know

whattodonow.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)Ifyou_______________thedoctor’sadvice,you__________well

now.混合条件句，又叫错综时间条件句hadfollowedwouldbe​​二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用IwishI

were

astallasyou.​Iwisheveryday

were

mybirthday.1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:

从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。1.wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气Thepartywasterrible,IwishIhadnevergonetoit.​Iwish/wishedI

hadn’t

eatensomuchwatermelon.2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。​Iwishit

would

raintomorrow.(3)表示对将来的主观愿望:从句动词形式为“

would＋动词原形”。1.wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气（asif,ifonly用法相同）与现在事实相反

与过去事实相反

与将来

事实相反

过去时（were）had+过去分词would/could/might+动词原形IwishIcouldflytothemoononeday.Hewishedhe_____________________insuchaffairs.(notinvolve)

IwishI______abird.(be)hadn’tbeeninvolvedwere​​虚拟语气用在asif/asthoughWhenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifitwerebroken.Irememberthewholethingasthoughithadhappenedyesterday.Itlooksasifhewould/couldliveforanothercentury.Itlooksasifsheisill.​虚拟语气用在ifonly…要是…就好了IfonlyIwereabird.IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.Ifonlyitwouldbefinetomorrow.2.wouldrather宾语从句中虚拟语气的使用:Iwouldratheryoupostedthelettertoday/tomorrow.Iwouldratheryoudidn’tdoitnow.Iwouldratheryouhadreturnedthebooktothelibrary.Butyoudidn’t.​wouldratherthat+主语+____________(现在或将来愿望)/__________(过去愿望)did/werehad+p.p.3.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气一个坚持______________两个命令______________三个建议__________________________四个要求__________________________宾语从句中的动词用should+v,或should省略。

insistorder,command

advise,suggest,proposedemand,require,request,desireThedoctororderedsheshouldbeoperated.​Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytolosehisweight.Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewashappy.Heinsistedthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.Heinsistedthathedidn’tstealthering.​三、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气

在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，advice，decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句用should＋V原形Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)gothereatonce.

Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.​Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.

Hisdecisionthatwe(should)gotoShanghaiiswonderful.​Itisstrangethat_______________________(他竟然这样说）.Itisnaturalthat___________________________

（鸟在树上休息）.Itisnecessarythat__________________________(我们每天打扫房间）.

四、在主语从句的使用1.It’snecessary/important/impossiblestrange/natural/+that…从句中的动词要用(should)+动词原形he(should)saysoabird(should)restintreeswe(should)cleantheroomeveryday​2.Itisapity/ashame/no

wonderthat…从句中的动词要用(should)+动词原形It’sapitythatyoushouldbesocareless.It’snowonderthat_______________(他竟然这样想）​he(should)thinkso3.Itis/wassuggested（ordered/demanded/proposed/

requested

）that…从句中的动词要用(should)+动词原形Itisrequestedthatweshouldfinishtheworkthisafternoon.Itissuggestedthat__________________（英语晚会周六举行）​theEnglisheveningbeheldonSaturday​1）虚拟语气用于:“Itis(high)time(that)…”

It’stimethatIwent/shouldgotoschool.注意区分：Itisthefirst/second…timethatsb.has/havedone…Itwasthefirst/second…timethatsb.haddone…五、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用​2)虚拟语气用在incase…;forfearthat…Takeyourcoatincaseitshouldrain.Hermotherputablanketoverherforfearthatshecouldcatchcold.3）在一些表打算，计划等的动词中I_________________________________________________(打算去拜访你),butsomeonecametoseemewhenIwasabouttoleave.(intend,call)intendedtohavecalledonyou/hadintendedtocallon类似如：Imeanttocallathisoffice,butIamengagedotherwisenow.=Ihadmeantto

tell/meanttohavetoldyouthetruth,butI

forgot.Youaresupposedtobehereat7.=Youshouldbehereat7.Youaresupposedtohavebeenhere.=Youshouldhavebeenhere.​六.情态动词+havedone表示对过去事实的虚拟.should/oughttohavedone

本应该做…(却没有做)shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone

本不应该做…(却做了)couldhavedone

本能做(却没做到)mighthavedone

或许可以做(却没做到)needn’thavedone本