湖北省部分省级示范高中2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题【含答案解析】

湖北省部分省级示范高中2023～2024学年上学期高二期末测试英语试卷考试时间：2024年1月31日试卷满分：150分★祝考试顺利★注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhenwillthemanmeetCooper?A.Thisafternoon. B.Thisevening. C.Tomorrowmorning.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:WhattimeareyoupickingCooperupfromhisfriend’shousethisafternoon?Iwanttogowithyou.M:Coopercalledtosaythathewouldstaythereovernight.SoI’llpickhimuptomorrowmorning.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhereisprobablyJuno?A.Inthepalyground. B.Atamuseum. C.Athome.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Honey,wakeJunoup.I’mfreetoday.Let’sgototheGreenwoodMuseum!W:Well,Juno’salreadyatschool.M:School?Butit’sSaturday!W:Todayistheschoolsportsday.Shemustbecheeringherclassmatesonnow.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemantellthewomantodo?A.Openherbackpack.B.Gobacktotherailwaystation.C.Writedownsomeinformation.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme.Ilostmybackpack.IthinkIleftitonabenchattherailwaystation.WhatshouldIdonow?M:Don’tworrytoomuch,ma’am.Pleasefillinthisformfirst.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howdoesthegirlfeel?A.Curious B.Relaxed. C.Scared.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Canwegobacknow?I’mafraidofthedark.M:Relax,sweetie!Don’tyoufindthestarsbeautiful?W:Yes,but...Oh,listen!There’sasoundfromthebushes!Let’sgetoutofhere,please!5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatactivityattractsmanatpresent?A.Readingbooks. B.Playingboardgames. C.WatchingTV.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:YourfavoriteTVshowisabouttostart.Whyareyoustillinthestudy?M:I’mtiredofallthetelevisionprograms.W:Thenwhat’syournewhobby?Readingbooks?M:No.I’minterestedinboardgamesnow!第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatwasthenormalpriceofthebackpillow?A.￡46. B.￡40. C.￡36.7.HowdoesClaireexerciseherback?A.Bydoingyoga. B.Bygoingswimming. C.Byliftingweights.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】M:Claire,thankyouforbuyingmethisbackpillow.Ihopeitdidn’tcostyoutoomuch.W:You’rewelcome.Itonlycostme36pounds.I’mamemberofthatstore,soIgota10%discount.M:Thanks.Thepillowhelpsmeeasethepaininmyback.W:Great.Youcanalsodoyogaorgoswimmingtorelievebackpain.M:OK.Iguessyou’veneversufferedfrombackpain.W:Yeah.Idoweighttrainingeverydaytoworkthemusclesofmyback.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatisthewomangoingtolearnbyherself?A.Alanguage. B.Photography. C.Amusicalinstrument.9.Whydoesthewomanrefusetosignupforonlinecourses?A.Theyaretooexpensive.B.Theyrequirelongscreentime.C.Theteachingmodeisn’tsuitableforher.【答案】8.A9.B【解析】【原文】M:Iadmitthatyou’requitecapableofteachingyourselfthings.Youmanagedtoteachyourselfphotographyandguitar.W:Yeah.SoI’mconfidentthatIcanmasterGerman.M:ButGermanisnotthateasytolearnonyourown.You’dbetterjoinalanguagecenter.W:NoThecoursesinthelanguagecenterarealwaysexpensive.Besides,Iprefertostudyalone.Learningingroupsisn’tsuitableforme.M:Thenhowaboutonlinecourses?Theyarerelativelyinexpensive.Andyoucanhaveclassesathome.W:Well,Idon’tliketolookatthescreenfortoolong.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Whatisthewomancomplainingaboutatfirst?A.Thefood. B.Herpetdog. C.Theweather.11.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodotosavewater?A.Turnthetapoffintime.B.Collecttheusedwater.C.Avoidwashingclothesfrequently.12.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Livingahealthylifestyle.B.Reducinglivingcosts.C.Protectingtheenvironment.【答案】10.C11.A12.B【解析】【原文】W:I’mback.It’sboilingoutside.Wecanfryeggsonthesidewalk!Ican’tstandtheheatanymore.M:Well,we’reinthedogdaysofsummer.W:Butwhydidn’tyouturnontheairconditioner?M:Ithinktheairconditionerusesalotofelectricity.TodayIpaidtheelectricityandwaterbill.That’salotofmoney.Weneedtocutdownonourlivingexpensesifwewanttobuyanewcar.W:Alright.Ithinkweshouldcookfoodforourselvesathomemoreoften.Asforsavingwater,wecancollecttheusedwatertomopthefloor.M:Goodidea.Youalwayskeepthetaprunningwhilebrushingteeth.Youshouldturnitoff.W:Gotit.I’llalsospendlessonnewclothes.M:Me,too.Webuyclothesalmosteverymonth.Buyingexcessiveclothesisalsobadfortheenvironment.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whenwilltheman’sclassstart?A.At2:15. B.At2:45. C.At3:00.14.Whatistheman’smajor?A.Marketing. B.Spanish. C.Journalism.15.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutstudyingabroad?A.Quiteembarrassed. B.Generallysatisfied. C.Terriblydisappointed.16.Whatdifficultydoesthemanfailtoovercome?A.Cookingbyhimself. B.Thelanguagebarrier. C.Homesickness.【答案】13.B14.A15.B16.C【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,I’mareporterfromtheschoolnewspaper.Canyousparemeafewminutesforaninterview?M:Hmm...It’s2:00.I’llhaveaclassinthreequartersofanhour.Okay,let’sstart.W:Well,canyouintroduceyourselffirst?M:MynameisEvanMiller,ajuniorinMarketing.AndI’mfromSpain.W:That’sacountryfarawayfromhere.Whydidyoudecidetostudyabroad?M:Well,Ithinkstudyingabroadisanopportunitytodiscoveranewcultureandlearnnewthings.W:Doyouenjoyyourlifenow?M:Yes.ImademanyEnglish-speakingfriends.AndI’velearnedhowtocookrecently.W:Whataboutdifficulties?M:Hmm,sinceIlivefarawayfrommyfamily,Ialwaysmissmyparents.W:Iknowhowyoufeel.Well,thenextquestionis...听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whatdoesthespeakeruseinitialwordsmainlyfor?A.Makingiteasiertocommunicatewithfriends.B.Improvingherworkefficiency.C.Addingfuntoconversations.18.Whichofthefollowingisusedmostinthespeaker’scountry?A.LOL. B.TBH. C.OMG.19.Inwhichstatedidpeopleusethefewestinitialwords?A.Minnesota. B.Georgia. C.Idaho.20.Whydoesthespeakermentionothercountriesatlast?A.Tostatethefactthatinitialwordsarewidelyused.B.Toprovesomecountriesrarelyuseinitialwords.C.Tocomparetheuseofinitialwordsindifferentcountries.【答案】17.A18.A19.C20.A【解析】【原文】W:FromLOLtoOMG,thesearethetextinginitialwordsAmericanscan’tgetenoughof.Thesewordsaremadeupofthefirstlettersofthewordsinaphrase,whichmakesiteasiertouse.Myfriendsalwaystalktomewiththesespecialwords,soIhavetolearntheirmeaningsinordertousethemregularly.Theymakeourconversationsmoreinteresting,too.Sometimesmyfriendscreatenewinitialwords,soIneedtoguesswhattheymean.Recently,IlearnedfromastudyontheappWordTipsthattheinitialismforLaughoutloud”-LOLwasthemostcommoninthenation.TBH,whichstandsfor“tobehonest”,wasthemostpopularin7states-Washington,Oregon,Minnesota,NewMexico,Wisconsin,IllinoisandIndiana.SomeotherfindingsofthisWordTipsstudyincludestatisticslikewhichstate’stextinginitialwordsareusedthemost.Inthiscategory,Georgiasweptthecompetition.Incontrast,peopleinIdahousedthesmallestnumberofinitialwordsoutofall50states.BesidestheUS,whereIwasborn,Iknowpeopleinothercountries,likeFranceandChina,alsousethetextinginitialwords.Butweshouldknowthesespecialwordscanonlybeusedinformally.Itisrudeifweusetheminformalsituations.Forexample,wehardlyseeinitialwordsintheofficialnewsorletters.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhetheryou’reathrill-seekerlookingfortheworld’smostintenserollercoastersorafamilyplanningavacationfilledwithfunforparentsandkids,themeparkshavesomethingforeveryone.DisneyandUniversalrankfirstwiththeirfamousthemeparksintheU.S.andabroad,butregionaloptionsofferuniqueexperiences,rides,andthemesthatyouwon’tfindanywhereelse.TokyoDisneySea,JapanTokyoDisneyResorttopsthemust-visitlistformanyDisneythemeparkfans.TokyoDisneylandisverysimilartoMagicKingdominFloridaorDisneylandParkinCalifornia,butTokyoDisneySeaisuniquewithitsnautical(海上的)theme,fantasticallands,andbeautifulsectionsinspiredbytheMediterranean,Arabian,andAmericancoasts.FerrariWorldAbuDhabi,UnitedArabEmiratesThisprimarilyindoorFerrari-inspiredthemeparkinAbuDhabiisamust-visitforcarandthrilllovers.It’shometotheworld’sfastestrollercoasterFormulaRossa,whichreachesspeedsof149mph.Whenvisiting,makesureyoualsotakeadvantageofthedrivingexperiences,onwhichyoucangoaroundYasIslandbehindthewheelofaFerrari.TivoliGardens,DenmarkOneoftheworld’soldestoperatingamusementparks,TivoliGardensisamust-visitattractionintheheartofCopenhagen.Theparkdatesbackto1843,andithasrides,theaters,andrestaurantsspreadacrossitscharminggroundsandgardens.Duringtheholidays,theparkisextramagicalwithitsannualfestivalwhenthescenelightsupwithdecorations.Efteling,NetherlandsEftelingistheNetherlands’largestandoneofEurope’smost-visitedamusementparks.Itsimaginativerides,gardens,andattractionsarethemedtoDutchfolkloreandfairytales,includinga15-acreFairytaleForestwithmorethantwodozenscenes.Forexample,adrenaline-seekerscanlineupforathrillrideontheFlyingDutchmanwatercoaster.21.Whichoneshouldyouchooseifyouareintobeaches?A.TokyoDisneySea. B.FerrariWorldAbuDhabi.C.TivoliGardens. D.Efteling.22.WhatisspecialaboutFerrariWorldAbuDhabi?A.ItistheonlyindoorthemeparkinAbuDhabi.B.Itprovidesimaginativeridesfortourists.C.Itismostlyvisitedbycarandthrilllovers.D.Ithasthefastestrollercoasterintheworld.23.Whomightbethetargetreaderofthisarticle?A.DisneyorUniversalthemeparkfans.B.Familiesplanningastaycation.C.Distinctivethemeparkseekers.D.Thrillingridesloversonly.【答案】21.A22.D23.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个区域性提供独特体验的公园。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据TokyoDisneySea,Japan标题下“TokyoDisneylandisverysimilartoMagicKingdominFloridaorDisneylandParkinCalifornia,butTokyoDisneySeaisuniquewithitsnautical(海上的)theme,fantasticallands,andbeautifulsectionsinspiredbytheMediterranean,Arabian,andAmericancoasts.”（东京迪士尼乐园与佛罗里达州的神奇王国或加利福尼亚州的迪士尼乐园非常相似，但东京迪士尼海洋乐园的独特之处在于它的航海主题，梦幻般的土地，以及受地中海，阿拉伯和美国海岸启发的美丽部分）可知，如果你喜欢海滩你应该选择东京迪士尼海洋乐园。故选A项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据FerrariWorldAbuDhabi,UnitedArabEmirates标题下“It’shometotheworld’sfastestrollercoasterFormulaRossa,whichreachesspeedsof149mph.”（这里有世界上最快的过山车FormulaRossa，时速可达149英里）可知，阿布扎比法拉利世界的特别之处在于它有世界上最快的过山车。故选D项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“DisneyandUniversalrankfirstwiththeirfamousthemeparksintheU.S.andabroad,butregionaloptionsofferuniqueexperiences,rides,andthemesthatyouwon’tfindanywhereelse.”（迪士尼和环球以其著名的主题公园在美国和国外排名第一，但区域选择提供独特的体验，游乐设施和主题，你在其他地方找不到）可知，文章介绍了一些区域性提供独特体验的公园，所以这篇文章的目标读者是特色主题公园的寻求者。故选C项。BBytradition,onLunarNewYear,you’resupposedtoputonnewclothes,frominnertoouterones.Ifthey’retheluckyred,allthebetter.Youcanneverhavetoomuchluck.Butwhenyouturnamultipleof12,24,36,48,60andsoon—thetraditiongetsextended:Redunderweareverydayofthatlunarcalendaryear.WhenIfirstheardaboutthepracticeafewyearsago,Iconsidereditnonsense.Italsoseemedridiculoustobuysomanypairsinacolorvividunderlightclothes.MypracticalimmigrantChineseparents,anengineerandscientist,didn’tpassthistraditiondown.Addinganothersuperstition(迷信)alsoseemedlikeathingIcoulddowithout.ButasIapproachmyfourthtimearoundthewheelforthe“YearoftheDragon,”—inwhat’sknownas“benmingnian”orthethresholdyear—I’vebeenreflectinguponthemilestonesofthosepastintervals:pubertyatage12,movingacrossthecountryforajobat24andgivingbirthtomytwinsonsat36.ThemoreI’velookedintothepractice,themoreIrealizethesignificanceofitspopularity.AsanAmerican-bornChinese,Ihavealwaysadoptedandadaptedwhatcomesfrommybirthplace.Logically,Iknowitwon’tmatterifIwearredornot,butforme,fornow,thissharedtraditionstrengthensmybondwithmyculture.Sooften,lifegoesbysoquicklybeforewecouldrealize.Daysbecomeweeks,months,yearsandsuddenlyadozenyearsgoby.MynewbornshavegrownintotweensandI’vetransformedfromnotquitemiddle-agedtonowverymuchso.WiththeturnoftheLunarNewYear,IvalueachancetoreflectonmypaststrugglesandhowIfoundawaythrough.It’samindsetwecouldallbenefitfrom.24.WhatisthetraditiononLunarNewYear?A.Wearingluckyredclothesallyearround.B.Puttingonnewclothesfromheadtotoe.C.Neverhavingtoomanyluckyclothes.D.Extendingthesuperstitionatamultipleof12.25.Whydidtheauthormentionherparents?A.Toproveitisridiculoustowearredclothes.B.Tohonorherpracticalimmigrantparents.C.Toblameherparentsfornotpassingthetraditiondown.D.Tojustifyhernotfollowingtheextendedtradition.26.Whatfinallychangedtheauthor’sattitudetothepractice?A.Herapproachingtheageof48. B.Itsconnectionwithherculture.C.Herillogicalthinkingpatterns. D.Itspopularityamongimmigrants.27.Whatmighttheauthordoatherfourthtimearoundthewheel?AReflectonherwaythrough. B.Developanewbeneficialmindset.C.Buyunderwearinthevividred. D.Realizetimegoingbyquickly.【答案】24.B25.D26.B27.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者通过自己的体会和感触介绍了穿红色在中国农历新年和本命年的意义。【24题详解】细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“Bytradition,onLunarNewYear,you’resupposedtoputonnewclothes,frominnertoouterones.(按照传统，在农历新年，你应该穿上新衣服，从内到外。)”可知，农历新年的传统是从头到脚穿上新衣服。故选B。【25题详解】推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“WhenIfirstheardaboutthepracticeafewyearsago,Iconsidereditnonsense.Italsoseemedridiculoustobuysomanypairsinacolorvividunderlightclothes.MypracticalimmigrantChineseparents,anengineerandscientist,didn’tpassthistraditiondown.(几年前，当我第一次听说这种做法时，我认为这是无稽之谈。买这么多颜色鲜艳的浅色衣服似乎也很可笑。我务实的中国移民父母是一名工程师和科学家，他们没有把这一传统传下来。)”可知，作者提到她的父母是为她不遵循传统辩解。故选D。【26题详解】细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“AsanAmerican-bornChinese,Ihavealwaysadoptedandadaptedwhatcomesfrommybirthplace.Logically,Iknowitwon’tmatterifIwearredornot,butforme,fornow,thissharedtraditionstrengthensmybondwithmyculture.(作为一个在美国出生的中国人，我一直采用和适应来自我出生地的东西。从逻辑上讲，我知道我是否穿红色并不重要，但对我来说，就目前而言，这种共同的传统加强了我与我的文化的联系。)”可知，最终改变了作者对习俗的态度是因为这个习俗与她的文化有关。故选B。【27题详解】推理判断题。文章倒数第二段讲到“Logically,Iknowitwon’tmatterifIwearredornot,butforme,fornow,thissharedtraditionstrengthensmybondwithmyculture.(从逻辑上讲，我知道我是否穿红色并不重要，但对我来说，就目前而言，这种共同的传统加强了我与我的文化的联系。)”以及最后一段“MynewbornshavegrownintotweensandI’vetransformedfromnotquitemiddle-agedtonowverymuchso.WiththeturnoftheLunarNewYear,IvalueachancetoreflectonmypaststrugglesandhowIfoundawaythrough.(我的新生儿已经长成了十一二岁的孩子，我已经从不到中年变成了现在的中年。随着农历新年的到来，我很珍惜有机会反思我过去的挣扎，以及我是如何找到出路的。)”可知，由文章最后两段可知作者对于本命年穿红色内衣的态度改变了，开始接纳这一传统。因此在她即将到达第四个本命年的时候，她可能会买红色内衣来穿。故选C。CAfewmonthsagoIwasinacinemaqueuebehindamanwhosetwosonswereaskingiftheycouldhaveTangoIceBlastsbrightbluepartlyfrozendrinks.Thefatherhesitatedforamoment.They’dalreadyhadtoomuchsugarystuffthatday,hesaid.“Butit’ssugar-free,”repliedoneoftheboys.Thatsealedthedeal.Theboyswalkedoffhappilyintothecinemaholdingtheirdrinks.InanerawhensugariswidelyseenasenemyNo.1,sugar-freedrinksandtreats,sweetenedwithlow-calorieadditives(添加剂),becomewell-likedandpromiseguilt-freesweetness.Somepeopledeliberatelychooselow-sugaroptionsinthehopeoflosingweightormanagingdiabetes;othersjustenjoythetaste.Butevenifyouaren’tseekingthemout,it’shardtoavoidartificialsweeteners.In2021,researcherslookedatfoodsforsaleinHongKongandfoundthatsweetenerswerepresentnotjustinproductswhereyouwouldexpectthem,suchassugarlesschewinggum,butalsoinsaladdressings,breads,instantnoodlesandmanycrisps.Theyhavebecomesuchacommonpartofourdietthatenvironmentalscientistshavestartedlookingfortracesofthem-particularlyacesulfamepotassium,whichpassesthroughthebodylargelyundigested—asamarkerforhumanwasteinlakesandrivers.Theriseofsweetenersis,inpart,asignofthespectacularsuccessofsugartaxes,whichhavebeenintroducedinmorethan40countriessince2010.IntheUK,thesoftdrinksindustrytaxwasannouncedin2016andfullycarriedoutin2018,aspartofaplanto“tacklechildhoodobesity”.Thetaxchargedmanufacturers24palitreforanydrinkwith8gormoreofaddedsugarper100ml.AlmostallthemajorsoftdrinksbrandsintheUKcutthesugarcontentoftheirproductsandreplacedthemissingsweetnesswithsomekindofartificialalternative.“Original”Coca-Colaand“blue”Pepsiwereamongthefewdrinkstokeeptheirrecipesthesame.Oncetheybecamemoreexpensive,comparedtothesugar-freealternatives,theirsalesfell.28.Whatmadesugar-freedrinksandtreatspopular?A.Thepublic’spursuitofhealth. B.Thetasteoflow-calorieadditives.C.People’spromisetomanagediabetes. D.Parents’expectationofguilt-freesweetness.29.Whyisithardtoavoidartificialsweeteners?A.Becausetheyarepresentineveryfoodproduct.B.Becausetheycanbefoundintheenvironment.C.Becausetheyarewidelyusedinourdiet.D.Becausetheyarepartofaplantodealwithobesity.30.WhatdiddrinkmanufacturersintheUKdowiththesugartax?A.Majorsoftdrinksbrandsreducedtheirproducts’sugarcontent.B.Coca-ColaandPepsirefusedtochangetheirrecipes.C.Nearlyallbigsoftdrinksbrandsturnedtoartificialsweeteners.D.Drinkcompaniesloweredthepricetoraisetheirsales.31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.Sugar,EnemyNo.1. B.TheRiseofArtificialSweeteners.C.TheSecrettoHealth:Low-calorieAdditives. D.ScientificFactsBehindHealth.【答案】28.A29.C30.C31.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章从无糖饮料的流行入手，讲述了甜味剂被广泛使用的现象和原因。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Somepeopledeliberatelychooselow-sugaroptionsinthehopeoflosingweightormanagingdiabetes;othersjustenjoythetaste.(有些人故意选择低糖食品，希望能减肥或控制糖尿病;其他人只是享受它的味道)”可知，无糖可乐变得流行是因为人们追求健康或喜欢这和口味，故选A。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“In2021,researcherslookedatfoodsforsaleinHongKongandfoundthatsweetenerswerepresentnotjustinproductswhereyouwouldexpectthem,suchassugarlesschewinggum,butalsoinsaladdressings,breads,instantnoodlesandmanycrisps.(2021年，研究人员对香港出售的食品进行了调查，发现甜味剂不仅存在于无糖口香糖等你会想到的产品中，还存在于沙拉酱、面包、方便面和许多薯片中)”以及第四段“Theyhavebecomesuchacommonpartofourdiet(它们已经成为我们日常饮食中很常见的一部分)”可知，很难避免人造甜味剂是因为它们在我们的饮食中被广泛使用。故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“AlmostallthemajorsoftdrinksbrandsintheUKcutthesugarcontentoftheirproductsandreplacedthemissingsweetnesswithsomekindofartificialalternative.(英国几乎所有主要的软饮料品牌都减少了产品中的糖含量，并用某种人工替代品代替了缺失的甜味)”可知，几乎所有的大型软饮料品牌都转而使用人工甜味剂。故选C。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“InanerawhensugariswidelyseenasenemyNo.1,sugar-freedrinksandtreats,sweetenedwithlow-calorieadditives(添加剂),becomewell-likedandpromiseguilt-freesweetness.Somepeopledeliberatelychooselow-sugaroptionsinthehopeoflosingweightormanagingdiabetes;othersjustenjoythetaste.(在一个糖被普遍视为头号敌人的时代，无糖饮料和零食，添加低热量添加剂的甜味，变得很受欢迎，并承诺没有负罪感的甜味。有些人故意选择低糖食品，希望能减肥或控制糖尿病；其他人只是享受它的味道)”结合文章从无糖饮料的流行入手，讲述了甜味剂被广泛使用的现象和原因。B选项“人造甜味剂的兴起”最符合文章标题。故选B。DImaginewalkingintoyourlocalgrocerystoreonafreezingJanuarydaytopickupfreshlyharvestedlettuce,fragrantbasil,juicysweetstrawberries,andriperedtomatoes—allofwhichwereharvestedatalocalfarmonlyhoursbeforeyou’darrived.Youmightbeimaginingbuyingthatfreshproducefromvertical(垂直的)farmswherefarmerscangrowindoorsyear-roundbycontrollinglight,temperature,water,andoftentimescarbondioxidelevelsaswell.Generally,freshproducegrowninverticalfarmstravelsonlyafewmilestoreachgrocerystoreshelvescomparedtoconventionalproduce,whichcantravelthousandsofmilesbytruckorplane.Beyondprovidingfreshlocalproduce,verticalagriculturecouldhelpincreasefoodproductionandexpandagriculturaloperationsastheworld’spopulationisprojectedtobeover9billionby2050.Andbythatsameyear,twooutofeverythreepeopleareexpectedtoliveinurbanareas.Producingfreshgreensandvegetablesclosetothesegrowingurbanpopulationscouldhelpmeetgrowingglobalfooddemandsinanenvironmentallyresponsibleandsustainablewaybyreducingdeliverychainstoofferloweremissions,providinghigher-nutrientproduce,andcompletelyreducingwaterusageandrunoff.Recently,USDAandtheDepartmentofEnergyheldaworkshopfocusedonverticalagriculture.Atthisworkshop,fieldexpertssharedpresentationsfollowedbysmallgroupdiscussionsfocusedonareassuchasplantbreeding,pestmanagement,andengineering.Workshopattendeesworkedtogethertoidentifythechallenges,needs,andopportunitiesforverticalfarming.AreportonthisworkshopwillbereleasedtohelpinformDepartmentalstrategicplanningeffortsforresearchprioritiesatUSDAandfundingopportunitiesforresearchers.Verticalagriculturepresentspotentialopportunitiestoaddressfoodsecurity.That’swhyUSDAalreadyhassomeofthesefundingandresearchchancesinplace.TheNationalInstituteforFoodandAgriculturehasfundingopportunitiesthatcouldsupportfutureverticalagricultureconferencesandresearch.Similarly,theAgriculturalResearchServiceisworkingonaprojecttoincreaseU.S.tomatoproductionandqualityingreenhousesandotherprotected-environments.32.Whatistheadvantageofverticalfarms?A.Deliverychainscanbeextended.B.Foodyieldcanbeincreased.C.Freshproducecanbesoldbyconsumers.D.Producecantravellongdistancebytruckorplane.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“projected”meaninparagraph2?A.suspected B.estimated C.proved D.displayed34.Whatdoweknowabouttheworkshop?A.AreleasedreporthelpspromoteDepartmentalstrategies.B.Smallgroupdiscussionsconcentratedonagriculturalareas.C.Peopleattendingtheworkshopsharedpresentations.D.Researchersmightbenefitalotfromthisworkshop.35.WhydidUSDAprovidefundingandresearchchancesforverticalagriculture?A.Tosupportfutureagriculturalconferences.B.Toincreasetomatoproductionandquality.C.Topresentpotentialchancestoconsumers.D.Toexplorepossibilitiesforfoodsecurity.【答案】32.B33.B34.D35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了垂直农业，说明了其特点和优势等情况。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Generally,freshproducegrowninverticalfarmstravelsonlyafewmilestoreachgrocerystoreshelvescomparedtoconventionalproduce,whichcantravelthousandsofmilesbytruckorplane.(一般来说，垂直农场种植的新鲜农产品只需几英里就能到达杂货店货架，而传统农产品可以通过卡车或飞机运输数千英里)”可知，第一段讲的是垂直农业的运输优势，以及第二段中“Beyondprovidingfreshlocalproduce,verticalagriculturecouldhelpincreasefoodproductionandexpandagriculturaloperations(除了提供新鲜的当地农产品外，垂直农业还可以帮助增加粮食产量和扩大农业经营)”可知，垂直农场的优点是粮食产量可以增加。故选B。【33题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段“astheworld’spopulationisprojectedtobeover9billionby2050.Andbythatsameyear,twooutofeverythreepeopleareexpectedtoliveinurbanareas.（到2050年，世界人口projected将超过90亿。到同一年，预计三分之二的人将居住在城市地区。）”可知，人口预估会超过9billion，A.suspected怀疑；B.estimated估计；C.proved证明；D.displayed展示。故选B。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“AreportonthisworkshopwillbereleasedtohelpinformDepartmentalstrategicplanningeffortsforresearchprioritiesatUSDAandfundingopportunitiesforresearchers.（关于这个研习会的报告将会被公布，以帮助告知农业部在战略计划上的努力，这些战略计划是针对美国农业部研究重点与研究者的资金补助)”，研究人员可能会从这次研讨会中受益匪浅。故选D。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Verticalagriculturepresentspotentialopportunitiestoaddressfoodsecurity.That’swhyUSDAalreadyhassomeofthesefundingandresearchchancesinplace.

（垂直农业为解决粮食安全问题提供了潜在机会。这就是为什么美国农业部已经提供了一些资助和研究机会。）”可知，USDA提供资助与研究机会是为了探索粮食安全的可能性。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分7.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyou’vespentanytimeonlineinthefirstfewweeksof2023,youmayhavealreadypickeduponthebuzzsurroundingChatGPT.Butwhatexactlyisit?____36____WhatisChatGPT?ChatGPTisanartificialintelligencechatbotfromOpenAI.Itenablesusersto“converse”withitinawaythat’smeanttocopynaturalconversation.____37____Theeasy-to-understand,easy-to-use,andfreetoolhasalreadygainedpopularityasbothanalternativetotraditionalsearchenginesandasatoolforAlwriting,amongotherthings.WhatdoesGPTstandfor?____38____WhileolderAIchatbotscouldanswerquestionswithdetailedresponses,ChatGPTusesadialogformat,whichallowsittoanswerfollow-upandclarifyingquestions,aswellasrecognizeandrejectinappropriateordangerousrequests(suchasquestionsaboutillegalactivity).HowtouseChatGPTtoincreaseyourwork?____39____KnowinghowtoeffectivelycommunicatewithChatGPT,oranygenerativeAImodel,iscalledpromptengineering.YoucaneitherincludeChatGPTinyourday-to-dayworktoconductaresearchortohelpyougetstartedonawritingprojectwhilestaringatablankpage.____40____ChatGPTusesnaturallanguageprocessing(NLP),anAItechnologythatdealswithunderstanding,analyzing,andgeneratinghuman-likelanguage.Itanalyzessampletextsfromtheinternetandconversationsprovidedbyrealhumans,andthenranksoutputsbasedonthequalityoftheresponse.Providingoccasionalfeedbackfromhumansisatechniquethatcanhelpfine-tunetheoutputbyimprovingbothsafetyandreliability.A.Asauser,youcanaskquestionsormakerequests,andChatGPTwillrespond.B.ChatGPThasbecomeapowerfultooltosavetimeandenergy.C.Inthisarticle,youcanfindallyouneedtoknowaboutChatGPT.D.ChatGPTrepresentsthefutureofallchatbotswithoutdoubt.E.The“GPT”inChatGPTisshortforgenerativepre-trainedtransformer.F.HowdoesChatGPTwork?G.ThetechniquetoapplywhenusingChatGPT.【答案】36.C37.A38.E39.B40.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了ChatGPT，包括ChatGPT是什么、可以做什么以及ChatGPT是怎么做的。【36题详解】根据上文“Ifyou’vespentanytimeonlineinthefirst