2024年高考英语押题卷01（北京专用）（原卷版） - 副本

2024年高考英语押题卷01（北京专用）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（2023·北京朝阳·统考一模）IgraspedasandwichasItriedtofinishmyworkduringlunch.Mycompany,likemanycompanies,had1costsbynotreplacingpeopleastheyleft.Thesurvivorshadtotakeupthework.Formeandmyco-workers,thismeantnolunchhour.Iwantedtoquit,butgiventheeconomy,itwashardtofindanotherjob.Ifelt2.Thenaconversationwithasix-year-oldgirlchangedmy3.Theyounggirlwasstandinginlinewithhermomatthesupermarket.“Gooddayatschool?”Iasked.Anod.“What’syourfavoritesubject?”“Lunch.”Ismiled.Thathadbeenmy4too.Atlunch,Icouldtalkwithmyfriends,drawpicturesorplaygames.Therewerenoadultstotellmewhattodo.Thetimewasmine.Butwhathappenedtolunchtimenow?IknewIwasentitledtoalunchbreakatwork.SoIdecidedto5it.OurofficewaslocatedinthedowntownandIsetoutto6thearea.Afewblocksawaywasanartmuseumwithfreeadmission.Attheendofanotherstreet,Iwassurprisedtodiscoversomehorseseatinggrassinafield.Atthebeginningofmytoursduringlunch,Ireceivedsome7staresfrommyco-workers,butIchosetoignorethem.Infact,Iwatchedinamazementthatsomeofthemstartedto8theirworkduringlunch.9,westartedinvitingeachotheroutforwalksanddiscoveredwehadothertopicsofconversationbeyondthecommoncomplaintsaboutwork.I’mstilllookingforanewposition,butwithlessanxietythanbefore.Ifwecan’tchangeour10,wecanchangeourattitude.1．A．counted B．cut C．paid D．raised2．A．trapped B．fearful C．shocked D．hurt3．A．work B．way C．view D．plan4．A．decision B．explanation C．secret D．answer5．A．take B．make C．find D．stop6．A．explore B．measure C．develop D．identify7．A．innocent B．determined C．sympathetic D．unpleasant8．A．carryon B．takeover C．putaside D．gothrough9．A．Generally B．Gradually C．Accidentally D．Obviously10．A．strategies B．circumstances C．responsibilities D．principles第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A（2023·北京海淀·三模）Facedwithhealthornutritionquestions,itis11(increase)commonforpeopletogoonlineanddiagnosethemselves.ButtheInternetisfullofconflictinghealthwarningswithnoregulationtoremovethewrongadvice,someof12isextremelydangerous!Also,searchenginesrankresultsbypopularityratherthanaccuracy,sosolidfactscanbetrickytofind.Itisworthexamining13thewriterofanonlinepieceisproperlyqualifiedasanexpert.Remember,onlyofficiallyrecognizedpracticingdoctorsaswellasdietitianshavedegreesingivingmedicalsuggestions.B（2023·北京昌平·统考二模）Mynewbookcelebratesthepowerofmathematicalthinkingtogetyoutoyourgoal14(success)withouthoursoflabour.It’syourshortcutthatmathematicians15mehavecomeupwithtoyourdestination.Ofcourse,whileI16(produce)ThinkingBetter:Theartoftheshortcut,Ireadagoodfewbooks.Here’salistofthosethatwerethemostinfluentialinmyjourneytofindthesmartestwaysofthinking.C（2023·北京海淀·统考二模）Thiswasnotmyfirstattempttolearntorideabike.Ihadtriedonseveraloccasionsbutalways17(fail).Butthisshotfeltsomewhatdifferent.Determinedtosucceed,Itooktothestreetsofourquietneighborhood.Thelearningprocessproved18(pain),butIwentatitanyway.Afteramonthoflabor,Imadeit.Ibeganmydailytoursonthebackstreetswithlighttrafficandgraduallycycledtobusierareas19Icouldsharethestreetwithdogwalkers.Icouldalsogreetmyneighbors,appreciatinghoweverythingfunctioned20harmony.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A（2023·北京房山·统考二模）GeneralLRCrulesWehaveanumberofsimplerulestohelpyouusetheLanguageResourceCentre(LRC).Pleasecooperateandenjoyyourvisitwithus.●Noeatingordrinking●Nocopyingofaudiocassettes●YoucanusetheLRCcitheronyourownduringself-accesstimesoryoumayuseitwithyourteacheraspartofalesson.●Ifyouuseitasaself-accessstudent,youmustscanyourborrowerbarcode(issuedbythelibrarystaff)whenenteringandleaving.TheLRCisforusebyLanguageCentrestudentsonly.●Allbagsmustbeputinthebag-rack.Pleaseworkquietly.Thisisalibraryandmanystudentsarestudyingforexams.PhotocopyingWehaveaphotocopieravailable.Pleaseaskthelibrarystafftohelpyou.Thecostis20cforoneA4sheet.BorrowingfromtheLRCLanguageCentrestudentsarepermittedtoborrowmaterialsfromthelibrary.Otherschools’studentsmustusethefacilitiesattheirownschools.Full-timestudents:Giveyourphoto—IDcardtothelibrarianandyouwillgetanLRCnumber.Part-timestudents:Youwillneedtobringyour$50.00depositreceiptfromthecashier.Whenyourcoursefinishes,bringyourlibrarycardbackandyourdepositwillberefundedincash.LoansLanguagestudentscanborrowupto4items(ofwhichnomorethan2canbekits)atonetime.Kitsarebagscontainingbook(s)pluscassette(s).Allteachertraineestudentsmayborrowupto3items:●Testmaterials1week●Listeningkits1week●Mostotherbooks2weeksBooksmarkedREFinredarereferencebooksandcannotbetakenoutofthelibrary.BooksmarkedREFingreenmayberemovedbystaffonly.Mostitemscanberenewedonce.Testmaterialscannotberenewed.21．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．YoucanborrowandcopyaudiocassettesfromtheLRC．B．TheLRCcanonlybeusedbystudentsstudyingforexams.C．StudentsandteacherscanphotocopymaterialsattheLRCforfreeD．TeachersareallowedtousetheLRCwhengivinglessonstostudents.22．Accordingtothepassage,part-timestudentsattheLanguageCenter_________.A．canborrowatleastfouritemsatonetimeB．shouldrenewthetestmaterialsonceaweekC．shouldpayadepositbeforeborrowingmaterialsD．cantakebooksmarkedREFinredoutofthelibrary23．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．ToexplainhowtousetheLRC．B．Torecommendresourcesforlanguagelearning.C．Topresentthedifferentfunctionsofschoolfacilities.D．TointroducehowtoborrowreferencebooksfromtheLRC．B（2023·北京昌平·统考二模）Everwonderwhathappenstospacecraftaftertheygetlaunchedtospace?Well,thatiswheremyjobasaninstrumentoperationsengineercomesin.Myjobconsistsofplanning,generating,andoperatingscientificinstrumentsin-flight.IamgratefulforhavingworkedonmissionsatSaturn,theMoon,andourownplanetEarth.WhenIwasahigh-schooler,IwasunsureofwhatcollegeIwantedtoattend,orwhatmajorIwantedtochoose.AfterreceivinganemailfromacollegecalledMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),Idecidedtoapplytoasummerprogramtheywereofferingwiththeencouragementofmymom.Afterparticipatinginthatprogram,IknewthatMITwastherightuniversityforme.Thepassionatestudentsandboundlessopportunitiesdevelopedafeelingofbelonginginmethatledmetoapplyandeventuallygetaccepted.ThemostexcitingandfulfillingpartofbeinganengineeristhatIamabletoworkonprojectsthatbenefithumanity.Whenpeoplethinkofthespaceindustry,theypicturetheouterreachesofoursolarsystem.Whattheymaynotimagineisthegreatbodyofworkbeingdonetostudyourownhome-Earth.Iamthankfultohaveacareerthatallowsmetocommitmyselftothatresponsibility.ThehighlightofmycareerhasbeenwitnessingtheendoftheCassinimissiontoSaturn.SomeofthepeopleontheteamhadbeenworkingonthemissionforlongerthanIhadbeenalive,buttheystilltreatedmeasoneoftheirown.Iwasgiventheopportunitytooperatethecamerasthatwouldcatchbreathtakingimagesoftheplanet.AndwhentheCassinispacecrafthadrunoutoffuel,Iquicklylearnedthatitwasnotjusttheendofthemission,buttheendofateam.ThenightwewatchedwithbittersweetlongingasitssignalfadedtonothingissomethingthatIwillalwayskeepinmymemories.AndwhileCassiniwillberememberedforitshistoriccontributions,whatIwillrememberitforistheteamitbroughttogether.Myfriendsoftenaskwhyagirlcouldachieveallthese.Ialwaysgrewupabigfanoffiction.IreadtheHarryPotterbooksandlovedanythingfantasy.Irealizedthatacommonthemeofherostoriesisthattheheromustalwaysmakeachoicetostarttheiradventure.Ifyoudon’tpickuptheswordinyourownstorybecauseyouareafraidofwhatmayhappennext,yourisknothavingastoryatall.24．WhydidtheauthorapplytoMIT?A．ThemajorsinMITinterestedher. B．HermotherurgedhertogotoMIT.C．Shesetthisgoalasahigh-schooler. D．AsummerprogrammadeherloveMIT.25．Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutheroccupation?A．It’seasytopredictwhatshedoes. B．It’shardforagirltohavesuchacareer.C．Sheisannoyedbybeingmisunderstood. D．Sheisproudtoworkforhumanwell-being.26．WhatdoestheauthorvaluemostintheCassinimission?A．Itshistoriccontributions. B．Theteamitbroughttogether.C．Breathtakingimagesoftheplanet. D．Theopportunitytooperatethecameras.27．Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A．Practicemakesperfect. B．Nowayisimpossibletocourage.C．Wellbegunishalfdone. D．Timelostcannotbewonagain.C（2023·北京海淀·统考二模）Evenpeoplewhotendtothinkconventionally,suchasaccountants,canbecreative,arecentstudysuggests,iftheycanlookatemotionalsituationsinadifferentlight.Inasetofexperiments,researchersfoundthatconventionalthinkerscameupwithmorecreativeideasthanpeersaftertheypractised“emotionalreappraisal”.Thismeansviewingasituationthroughanotheremotionallens,suchastryingtoseeananger-inducingeventasonethatisneutralorhopeful.Thestudyindicatesthatcreativityissomethingthatcanbetrained.“Wheneverwebreakawayfromourexistingperspectiveandtrytothinkaboutsomethingthat’sdifferentfromourinitialreaction,there’sacreativeelementtoit.Ifwecanpractiseortrainthatflexible-thinkingmuscle,itmayhelpusbemorecreativeovertime,”saidleadauthorLilyZhu,anassistantprofessoratWashingtonStateUniversity.Forthestudy,Zhuandhercolleaguesconductedtwosimilarexperiments.Inthefirstexperimentwith335peoplerecruitedthroughacrowdsourcingplatform,theparticipantswerefirstrankedontheiropennesslevelsandthenshownafilmscenedesignedtoelicit(引起)anger.Whileviewing,theyweregivendifferentinstructions:tosuppresstheiremotions,tothinkaboutsomethingelsetodistractthemselvesortotryemotionalreappraisal—lookingatthescenethroughanotherlens.Somewerealsogivennoinstructiononhowtoregulatetheirfeelings.Afterviewingthefilm,theparticipantswereaskedtocomeupwithanideatouseanemptyspaceintheirbuilding.Thoseideaswerethenevaluatedbyapanelofexpertswhodidnotknowanythingabouttheparticipants.Ideassuchasusingthespacefor“nappingcapsules”wereconsideredhighlycreativewhereasideaslikeopeningasimilarcafeteriaasbeforewereconsideredlowincreativity.Thenextexperimenthadadifferentgroupof177participantswriteaboutanexperiencethatmadethemangry.Theywerethentaskedwitheitherwritingaboutitagainfromadifferentemotionalperspectiveorwritingaboutsomethingelseasadistraction.Inbothexperiments,conventionalthinkingparticipantswhotriedemotionalreappraisalcameupwithmorecreativeideasthanotherconventionalthinkerswhousedsuppression,distractionornoemotionalregulationstrategyatall.Notably,forparticipantswhowereconsideredcreativethinkerstobeginwith,emotionalreappraisaldidnotseemtohavemucheffectontheircreativity.Astotheimplicationsofthestudy,Zhusuggestedthatsupervisorsinworkplaceshoulddeveloptrainingstocultivatecreativethinkingskillsinemployees.Individualscanalsopractiseemotionalreappraisalwhenconfrontedwithacrisisorchallengeinsteadofsuppressingnegativeemotions.28．Whichofthefollowingismostprobablyanexampleofemotionalreappraisal?A．Consideringanoccurrenceobjectively.B．Takingone’ssuccessasanopportunity.C．Distractingoneselffromanannoyingevent.D．Regardingdisappointmentasaturningpoint.29．Fromthestudy,weknowthat________.A．creativethinkers’creativitywasenhancedafterpractisingemotionalreappraisalB．evaluatingexpertshadadequateinformationabouttheresearchsubjectsC．theresearchfindingscouldbeappliedtothetrainingofemployeesD．thefirstexperimentaimedtoselectthemostcreativedesign30．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ChangeFeelingstoBoostCreativityB．EffectiveStrategiestoManageEmotionsC．ThinkOvertoExploreCreativePotentialD．ANewWaytoRemoveNegativeEmotionsD（2023·北京平谷·统考一模）Askasmarthomedevicefortheweatherforecastandittakesseveralsecondsforthedevicetorespond.Thislatency(延时)occursasconnecteddevicesdon’thaveenoughmemoryorpowertostoreandruntheenormousmachine-learningmodelsneededforthedevicetounderstandwhatauserisaskingofit.Themodelisstoredinadatacenterthatmaybehundredsofmilesaway,wheretheansweriscomputedandsenttothedevice.MITresearchershavecreatedanewmethodforcomputingdirectlyonthesedevices,whichdrasticallyreducesthislatency.Theirtechniqueshiftsthestepsofrunningamachine-learningmodeltoacentralserverwherecomponentsofthemodelareencodedontolightwaves.Thewavesaresenttoaconnecteddeviceusingfiberoptics(纤维光学),whichenablestonsofdatatobesentlightning-fastthroughanetwork.Thereceiverthenemploysasimpleopticaldevicethatrapidlyperformscomputationsusingthepartsofamodelcarriedbythoselightwaves.Thistechniqueleadstomorethanahundredfoldimprovementinenergyefficiencywhencomparedtoothermethods.Itcouldalsoimprovesecurity,sinceauser’sdatadonotneedtobetransferredtoacentrallocationforcomputation.Thismethodcouldenableaself-drivingcartomakedecisionsinreal-timewhileusingjustatinypercentageoftheenergycurrentlyrequiredbypower-hungrycomputers.Itcouldalsoallowausertohavealatency-freeconversationwiththeirsmarthomedevice,beusedforlivevideoprocessing,orevenenablehigh-speedimageclassificationonaspacecraftmillionsofmilesfromEarth.“Everytimeyouwanttorunaneuralnetwork,youhavetoruntheprogram,andhowfastyoucanruntheprogramdependsonhowfastyoucanpipetheprograminfrommemory.Ourpipeismassive—itcorrespondstosendingafullfeature-lengthmovieovertheinterneteverymillisecondorso.Thatishowfastdatacomesintooursystem.Anditcancomputeasfastasthat,”saysprofessorDirkEngland.Theneuralnetworkarchitectureinvolvesstoringweightsinacentralserverthatisconnectedtoanovelpieceofhardwarecalledasmarttransceiver.Thissmarttransceiver,athumb-sizedchip(芯片),canreceiveandsenddata.Movingforward,theresearcherswanttoupdatethesmarttransceiverchiptoachieveevenbetterperformance.31．What’stheparagraph1mainlyabout?A．Thecauseofthelatency.B．Theeffectofthelatency.C．Theadvancedsmartdevice.D．Themodelsstoredinadatacenter.32．Howdoesthisnewmethodreducelatency?A．Byimprovingthepartsofamodel.B．Byusingopticstospeedupcomputations.C．Bycomputingdirectlyinremotedatacenters.D．Byinventinganewmachine-learningmodel.33．Theauthormentionsaself-drivingcarto________.A．introducetheimpactofthelatencyB．explainhowdataisquicklycomputedinthissystemC．demonstratethetechnique’senergysavingandsafetyD．highlighttheuser’ssatisfactionwithmoderntechnology34．Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A．Thenewtechniquewillbefurtherimproved.B．Opticsneedstobedevelopedandusedurgently.C．Thenewcomputingarchitectureisveryperfect.D．Thetechniquewasdevelopedtosendmoviesovertheinternet.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2023·北京朝阳·统考二模）Inourmodernworld,thereareendlessalternatives.Haveyoueverfoundyourselfwonderingwhetheryoushouldquitorstayinyourjob,acceptanofferorgiveitupforanother?Thereisasimpleandpracticalmethodthatsolvesthisproblem.35Whenyouunderstandtheconcept,youhavethepowertomeasureeveryalternativewithprecisionandmaketherightdecision.Inthefieldofeconomics,opportunitycostisthevaluethatyouhavetogiveupwhenyouchooseanoptionoveranothergoodoption.36Everytimeyouchoosesomething,yougiveupotheralternativestogetherwiththeirfinancialbenefits.Itisnotalltheotheroptions,butthemostvaluedonethatisdefinedastheopportunitycost.37Takethesimpleexampleoftryingtodecidewhethertotakepublictransportationfor80minutesortodrivefor40minutes.Youmightsaveonthecostofgaswhileridingthebusbutdoublethetriplengthandmissoutonotherthingsyoucouldhavedoneduringthattime.38Thisishowyoucreateprioritiesinyourdailylife.Thoughusefulindecisionmaking,thebiggestdrawbackofopportunitycostisthatit’softenrelatedtowhat’shardtoquantify.39Afterall,puttinganumbertoyourpeacefulmindorhappinesscanbedifficult.Opportunitycostisn’tcutanddried.Itvariesfrompersontoperson.Attheendoftheday,youareinchargeofwhatyouownandwhatyouwanttogain.A．Itisaboutfindingouttheopportunitycost.B．Weighthelossesandgains,andmakeyourdecision.C．Opportunitycostmattersnotonlyineconomicsbutalsoinreallife.D．Thisisespeciallytruewhentheopportunitycostisofnon-financialbenefit.E．Thekeyprincipleunderlyingtheideaisthatthereisnosuchthingasfreelunch.F．Mostpeopleoverlookopportunitycostbecausethebenefitsareusuallyhiddenfromview.G．Itisthedevelopmentofimportantskillsthatwouldhelpyoumoveforwardinyourdailylife.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。（2023·北京东城·统考二模）Withsociety’shighpressurestoachieve,it’sunderstandablethatindividualsprefertohidetheirweakpoints—butdoingsocomesatacost.IlearnedthatlessonwhenIparticipatedinahikingexpedition.Asanewhiker,Istruggled.Thetripwasdifficulttomeevenwithoutneedingtocarrymyheavycampingpacks.Iwassloweddown,yetIrefusedtotellmyteammatesinhopesthatIwouldseemperseverant.Tomydelightandsurprise,oneofthemoreactivemembersrequestedthatwestopforabreak.IquicklyrealizedIwasn’ttheonlyonehidingmyweaknessesafternoticingtherestoftheteam’sapparentrelief.Formanyofus,authenticity,orbehavingasone’strueselfindailylife,isquitechallenging.Associalbeings,we’velearnedtoadaptandfitintoourenvironment,makingitchallengingtodisplaywhoweareattimes.Yet,theadvantageofauthenticityisevident,drivingitsrecentpopularityamongthoughtleaders.Authenticityevenimprovedmyhikingexperience—themomentmygroupadmittedtoourshortcomingswaswhenwestartedworkingbetterasateam.So,canbeingourselvesnotonlyhelpusworkbetter,buthelpthosewhoworkaroundus?Thetruthis,itcan.Researchershavefoundthatnotonlydidauthenticworkershavehigherworkengagementandlowerworktiredness,buttheirte