2021新高考英语一轮复习课时作业31选修7Livingwell

课时作业31LivingwellⅠ.阅读理解AAnyonewhocameofageinthe1990srememberstheFriendsTVserieswherePhoebeandRachelgoouttogettattoos(纹身).RachelgetsatattooandPhoebeendsupwithablackinkdotbecauseshecan'ttoleratethepain.Thisisnotarareoccurrenceintheworld.Thefunnystorylinealsoshowsthequestion—Canwehelpthe“Phoebes”oftheworldsufferlessbymakingthemmorelikethe“Rachels？”Painisthemostmonsymptomreportedwhenpeopleareseekingmedicalattention.Undernormalcircumstances,painsignalsinjury,andaswerecover,thepainbeesless.Unfortunately,asnotwomenarealike,theyaredifferentnotonlyintheirabilitytodiscover,tolerateandrespondtopainbutalsoinhowtheyreportitandhowtheyrespondtovarioustreatments.Thismakesitdifficulttoknowhowtoeffectivelytreateachpatient.People'sdifferenthealthoutesoftenresultfromplexpsycho­socialinteractions,environmentalandgeneticfactors(基因因素).Whilepainmaynotregisterasatraditionaldiseaselikeheartdiseaseordiabetes,thesamefactorsareatplay.Thepainfulexperiencesthroughoutourlifetimeoccuragainstabackgroundofgenesthatmakeusmoreorlesssensitivetopain.Butourmentalandphysicalstateandpreviousexperiencescanhelpadjustourresponses.Ifwecanbetterunderstandwhatmakespeoplemoreorlesssensitivetopaininallkindsofsituations,thenwearemuchclosertoreducinghumansufferingbydevelopingtargetedpersonalizedpaintreatmentswithlowerrisksofmisuse,toleranceandabusethanthecurrenttreatments.Oncetherewerereportsofchildrenwhowerepain­tolerant.Studiesoftheserarecasesshowedthatthecongenitalinsensitivitytopainistheresultoflackingasinglegene.Recently,researchersareevaluatingtetrodotoxin,astrongneurotoxin(神经毒素)producedbyseacreatureslikepufferfish,asapotentialpainkiller.Ithasshownearlyeffectivenessintreatingcancerpain.Thesedrugsandtoxinsbringaboutthesamestatethatispresentinthosewithcongenitalinsensitivitytopain.本文是一篇说明文。人们对疼痛的感知因人而异，研究其背后的原因有着重要的意义。1．Whatkindofpeopledoes“Phoebes”represent?A．Thoselikingtattoos.B．Thosewithblackinkdotsontheirskin.C．ThoseappearingintheFriendsTVseries.D．Thosebeingunabletotakethepainfromtattooing.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中Phoebeendsupwithablackinkdot...rareoccurrence可推知，“Phoebes”代表了那些像Friends中的Phoebe一样不能忍受纹身疼痛的人。2．WhatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinParagraph3?A．Theimportanceofknowingmoreaboutpain.B．Thecausesofpeople'sdifferencesinpain.C．Themethodsofadjustingourreactiontopain.D．Thenecessityoflivingthroughpainfulexperiences.答案：B解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段的内容可知，本段主要说明了造成“人们痛感差异”的原因。3．What'sthefunctionoftetrodotoxin?A．Toserveasapotentialcancerkiller.B．Tomakepatientsunabletofeelpain.C．Toimprovetheeffectivenessofpainkillers.D．Tomakeupforlackinganimportantgene.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中．..insensitivitytopain...lackingasinglegene及第六段中．..toxinsbringaboutthesamestate...可知，tetrodotoxin做为一种潜在的止痛药，其功能是使病人无法感知疼痛。BSincemercialairlinestooktotheair,drinkingandflyinghavetendedtogohandinhand,withdrinkseemingtoaddthepleasingsenseofaflight.Butinthefaceofarisingtideofdrink­fuelledviolence,thereareincreasingcallsfromthepublicthatdrinkingonflightsshouldberestricted.Thegovernmentisreviewinglicensinglawsatairports.Ithasyettoreport,butWorldDutyFree(免税店)hasannounceditsowndecision—sellingduty­freealcoholicdrinksonlyinsealed(密封的)bagsthat,intheory,cannoteasilybeopenedontheplane.RobGriggs,aspokesmanforAirlinesUK,welesthemoveofWorldDutyFree.However,hethinksmoreshouldbedonebyairportsandthelocalauthorities.“Theplacesthatsellalcoholshouldbesubjecttothesamelicensingconditionsaselsewhere.”Itwouldthenbeuptothelocalauthoritytodecidewhetherdrinkingalittlebeforeboardingwasacceptable.SuzannahRobin,analcoholanddrugspecialistatAlcoDigital,acceptsGriggs'argumentthatmostdrinkingisdoneintheterminalratherthanontheplane.Sheadvocatesbreathalysing(酒精测试)passengerswhoshowsignsofbeingdrunkbeforetheyboard.ShesaystheCivilAviationAuthorityhastotakethelead.“Theystatethatit'sillegaltobedrunkonboard.Theynowneedtodecidewhatbeingdrunkmeans.Inthesamewayasyouhaveadrink­drivelimit,youwouldhaveapassengerlimit,andasanauthoritytheyneedtoforcetheairporttohaveamethodofcheckingpassengersbeforetheyboard.”Shewonderswhethertherelationshipbetweendrinkingandflyingwilleverbebrokenpletely.“I'dbesurprisedifdrinkingwerebannedonflights，”shesays.“Theeventsthathappenbeewell­knownquicklybecauseofsocialmedia,butit'satinypercentageofthepopulationthatcausestheseissues.Theairlinesbenefitbecausetheysellalcoholonboard;theairportsbenefitbecausetheyhaveshopssellingalcoholwithintheirterminals;Ican'tseethemwantingtobackdown.You'reaskinganentirenationtochangewhattheydowhentheygoonholidaybecauseofthebehaviourofatinyminority.Beingabletomanageitwouldbebetter.”本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了是否应该在飞机上禁止饮酒的问题。4．What'sthepurposeofrestrictingdrinkingonflights?A．Tobuildupapositivepublicreputation.B．Tolimitairlines'mercialpromotionways.C．Toguaranteepassengers'travelsafetyonflights.D．Toimprovepassengers'pleasingsenseofaflight.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据首段Butinthefaceofarisingtideofdrink­fuelledviolence可知，飞机上因醉酒引发的暴力事件正在增多，因而越来越多的人呼吁在飞机上禁酒。5．What'sGriggs'attitudetowardssellingduty­freealcoholicdrinksinsealedbags?A．Doubtful. B．Supportive.C．Neutral. D．Disapproving.答案：B解析：观点态度题。根据首段．..WorldDutyFreehasannounceditsowndecision—sellingduty­freealcoholicdrinksonlyinsealedbags及第二段的．..welesthemoveofWorldDutyFree，可知Griggs对于这种做法是赞同的。6．WhatdoesSuzannahRobinadviseairportstodo?A．Accusethedrunkenpassengers.B．Stopsellinganyalcoholtopassengers.C．Preventpassengersbringingalongalcohol.D．Breathalysepassengersbeforeboarding.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段．..advocatesbreathalysingpassengerswhoshowsignsofbeingdrunkbeforetheyboard.可知，SuzannahRobin认为乘客在登机之前应该进行酒精检测。7．Whatcanwemainlyconcludefromthelastparagraph?A．Thereisaslimchanceofbanningalcoholonflights.B．Weshouldtakeadvantageofsocialmediatohandletheissue.C．Weshouldcallonpeopletochangetheirbehavioronholidays.D．Itisofgreatimportanceforairlinestotakeeffectivemeasures.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，SuzannahRobin并不认为机场和航空公司会放弃卖酒。相对而言，对于饮酒做出控制是更为可取的。所以飞机上禁酒可能性很低。Ⅱ.完形填空ALettertoMyOrganDonorOnApril18,2012,Ireceivedthemostimportantgiftinmylife—ahealthysetoflungs.I'vewritten__1__tomydonor'sfamilyeachyearforthepastsixyears,buttheyhaven't__2__yet.Iwholeheartedlyrespecttheirdecision,butIfeltIhadtowriteanopenlettertomy__3__Leoandhisfamily.DearLeo，Therereallyarenowordsthatcan__4__describehowIfeelaboutthekindnessfromyouandyourfamily.EverydayIam__5__forthegiftyougaveme,andItrulytrymybesttohonoryouineverythingIdo.Istrugglewiththe__6__thatyouhadtoleaveyourfamilyandfriendsbehindsoIcouldlive,butI__7__youthatIamtryinghardtobethebestpersonIcanbeandIhopeI'mmakingyou__8__.__9__，Ihaven'tbeenabletomeetyourfamilyandthepeoplethatmatteredmosttoyou,butI'm__10__thatsomedayImight.Iwanttohugthemforalongtimeandtellthemhowyouarestillbelovedandhowyourlife__11__.Leo,somedaymy__12__hereonearthwillbedoneandwhenI__13__to“theotherside”，mydreamisforyouto__14__me.I'dlovetositdownwithyouandhearallaboutyourlife.Untilthen,we'llkeepdoingourthing—living,breathingandsucceedingtogether.Leo,wewillalwaysbe__15__inbreath—forlife.Jerry本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。六年前“我”收到了一生中最珍贵的礼物——一副健康的肺。“我”每年都给恩人Leo的家人写信，但是他们都没有回复。因此“我”给Leo写了一封公开信，表达对他衷心的感谢。1．A.letters B．storiesC．papers D．reports答案：A解析：根据本文标题ALettertoMyOrganDonor，并结合该句可知，在过去六年，每年“我”都给“我”的捐赠者的家人写信，故A项正确。2．A.decided B．metC．responded D．received答案：C解析：根据该句中的“but”可知，尽管“我”每年给恩人一家写信，但是他们都没有回复。C项意为“回复，答复”，故C项正确。3．A.neighbor B．lifesaverC．doctor D．friend答案：B解析：根据上文第一段第一句可知，Leo给“我”捐赠了肺，并结合该句可知，“我”决定给救“我”一命的人写一封公开信。B项意为“救命的人”，故B项正确。4．A.hardly B．possiblyC．fairly D．gradually答案：B解析：根据该句中的“nowordsthatcan”可知，真的没有什么语言能表达“我”对Leo和他的家人的善意(kindness)的感受。B项意为“可能”，修饰动词describe，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“几乎不”；C项意为“相当”，用于形容词和副词前；D项意为“逐渐地”。5．A.careful B．peacefulC．thankful D．painful答案：C解析：根据语境可知，每天“我”都对Leo捐赠的礼物心怀感激之情。C项意为“感激的”，故C项正确。A项意为“谨慎的”，B项意为“和平的”，D项意为“疼痛的”，都与语境不符。6．A.loneliness B．sadnessC．emptiness D．nervousness答案：B解析：根据该句中的“Istrugglewiththe...soIcouldlive”可知，Leo不得不离开家人(family)和朋友，而“我”才能活下来，这让“我”感到很悲伤。B项意为“悲伤”，故B项正确。7．A.praise