2022届高考英语语法表解冠词连词介词讲义

表解语法：冠词，连词，介词

冠词

英语中有a,an,和the这三个冠词，a∕an为不定冠词，the是定冠词。有时名词前不用冠词称为零冠词。冠词

是一种虚词，不能单独作句子成分，只能放在名词前面，帮助说明这个名词的含义。

一、冠词的类别和最基本用法

二、不定冠词的使用场合

类别基本用法名词示例

a(n)表一

不可数名词单数I.Adogisenough.（表数量）

个……

定

冠泛指

a(n)表一

词可数名词单数2.A_dogisafaithfulanimal.（强调个体）

类……

不可数名词6.Thewaterinthisriverispolluted.

特指

定可数名词单数7.Thedogkilledbythemandoesn'tbelongtome.

冠

词

表i可数名词单数3.Thedogisafaithfulanimal.（强调全体）

类…

可数名词复数8.ThedogsinthecageareTom,s.

可数名词复数4.0dogsarefatihfulanimals.

表一类……

零冠词

不可数名词5.Oalcoholisaliquid.

使用方法示例

1.a+辅音音素开头的词/字母前ausefulbookaunitedcountry,aEuropeanstudent,aone-weektrip,

an+元音音素开头的词/字母前auniversitystudent,anuglyfaceanhour,a∏honour,anhonestman

anMP,anABCbook,an8∙dayjourney—

ThereisaniiV∖an"e",an"P'anda"t"intheword"left".

6.用在姓名或Mr./Mrs.+姓氏前I.AProfessorLeeappliedforthepost.

表示“某一位”，“一个叫……2.AMr.Zhangiswaitingforyououtsidethecinema.

的人”.相当于acertain

7.用在地名、国名、专有名词I.SheisnowadifferentChinafromwhatshewastwentyyearsago.

前有形容词修饰时，表示某时2.YouwillseeaStnmgerChinainthenearfuture.

的情况或某种样子

8.表示“每一”相当于per,用Igetpaidonceamonth,butnotmuch.

于某些表示时间、重量、长度等10yuanakilotwiceaday80milesanhour,

单位前5daysaweektwoyuanapoud8（X）WordS'day

9.a+most表示“很T非常”I.ThoughitisamostinterestingmovieIhaveseen,itisnotthemostinteresting

one.

2.Thatisamostusefuldictionary.

10.a+序数词，表示，再一”，“又1.Youcanhaveasecondtryifyouarenotsatisfied.

2.WhenIfinishedspeaking,athirdyoungmanrosetogoon.

ll.a（n）+名词，作表语（表职业）I.MrGreenisadoctor.2.Tomisalawyer.

1.Weareallofanage（同岁）.=Weareallofthesameage.

12.表示“同一”，“相同”

2.Weareanofamind.我们大家一条心.

时，等于thesame

3.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.（物以类聚。）

13.当物质名词具体化，表示一1.Therewasaheavysnowyesterday.

类［阵、场、份］等意思时2.Theydidn'thavemuchrainlastmonth,butlastnighttheyhadaheavyrain.

3.Pleasegivemeabeer.（=abottleofbeer）

14.当抽象名词具体化即表示一1.The2008OlympicGameswereagreatsuccess.

具体的人或事时2.Itisanhonourtobeinvitedtotheweddingparty.

3.WorkingisaPleaSUre（乐事）formeandleangetmuchPleaSUre（乐趣）fromit.

15.世界上独一无二的东西前有I.Anewmoonisrisingintheskylikeabow.

修饰语时2.It'sa_smallworld,istn'tit?

16.在表示季节、月份、日期、I.Wehadaveryhotsummerlastyear.

三餐等的名词前有修饰语时2.TheaccidenthappenedonasnowyMondaytowardstheendofJanury.

3.Wehadawonderfuldinneratthatweddingparty.

17.有些名词通常成对出现（被Haveyougotaneedandthreadhere?这儿有针线吗？

视为一体，一套），一般只用一acupandsaucer一副杯碟aknifeandfork1副刀叉.

个不定冠词

18.用于表述某一部分或某一方Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.

面概念的不可数名词前面Hewasbroughtupinarichfamilyandreceivedagoodeducation.

AgoodknowledgeofEnglishisamustinaninternationalcompany.

19.用在同源宾语前dreamasweetdream做了一个甜蜜的梦smileanattractiveSmiIe笑得迷人

fightahardfight进行艰苦的斗争dieagloriousdeath光荣牺牲

sleepasoundsleep睡得很香liveahappylife过着幸福生活

20.用在人名前，相当于OneHeWiSheSK）becomeaLeiFeng.

like.IW^ntt（ɪbecomeanEEslein.

02/22

haveaIookZwalk/break/try/bath/go/swim看一看/休息一下/试一试/洗澡/

21.某些固定短语中试一试/游泳：takearest/walk/break/bath;makeachoic∕decision/plan/study

作出选择/作决定/制定计划/研究一下；allofasudden突然takeaninterest

in感兴趣inaWord简言之;getinaword插话agreat[good]many许多doa

gooddeed做好事anumberof若干，许多goforawalk出去散步asa

matteroffact事实上payavisitto参观inahurry匆忙的OnCeupona

time从前asaresultof由于，因为afterawhile过一会haveawordwith

和...说句话oneatatime一次一个onceinawhile不时，偶而bea

wasteof浪费ataloss不知所措inasense在某种意义上，lendahand帮

助,asarule照例

a,an不定冠，单数名词前：辅音前用a,an在元音前。

记忆口诀泛指人物类似一，词组有a是习惯：复数不可数,a,an均不见。

三、定冠词的使用场合

使用范围示例

1.在表示特定的人或事物前1.Thegirlwithlongbackhairismysister.

2.Theoldmanunderthetreeismygrandfather.

2.在表示上文提到过的人或事物前1.Ihavebeenstayinginthehotelfortwoweeks.Thetwoweekshasbeen

wonderful.

2.Ihaveasonandadaughter.Thesonisasoldierandthedaughterisa

nurse.

3.在表示说话双方都熟悉的人或事1.Wouldyoumindturningdowntheradioalittle?Ababyissleeping.

物前2.Shutthewindowsbeforeyouleavethelab.

4.在表示世界上的独一无二的事thesun,themoon,theworld,theearth,thesky,theuniverse,thestar,thesea,the

物前，但有形容词修饰时，可用不atmosphere（大气层）

定冠词试比较：1.Aredsunisrisingslowingintheeast.

2.Manisstudyingandusingthesun.

5.用于单数可数名词前表示类Apandaisanendangeredanimal.

别，相当于不定冠词表示类别=Thepandaisanendangeredanimal.

=Pandasareendangeredanimals.

6.在说及整个类属的名词前1.Thecat,likethedog,islikedbymanypeople.

2.Thelionismorefiercethanthewolf.

7.用在某些形容词,、分词前使之therich[poor,blind,living,wounded,dead,deaf,learned]

名词化，表示一类人或事物I.Youcan'tforcemetodotheimpossible.

2.Thewoundedweresenttothenearesthospital.

3.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.

4.ThebeautifulIiVeSforever.

intheeast[west,south,north],ontheright[left],inthemiddle

8.在表示方向、方位的名词前1.Thecoldstrongwindisblowingfromthenorth.

2.Turntotheright,andyouwillfindthesupermarket.

theweather,theclimate,thewind,*但nature前不用冠词the

9.在表示自然现象名词前

1.Therainhaslastedthreedays.

2.What'stheweatherlike?

theUnitedNatiOnS（联合国）

10.用于普通名词构成的专有名词the_BBCWorldService（英国广播公司世界广播部）

（国家，组织，机构、阶级、党派、theChineseCommunistPartyrtI国共产党

等）前theCommunistYouthLeagUe共青团

theWorldHealthOrganiZatiOn世界卫生组织

theUnitedKingdom英国

theRedCrossSociety红十字会

theworkingclass工人阶级

lɪ.用在演奏的乐器、文娱场所前ɪ.playthepiano∣violin,Ωιιte,guitar∙∙∙∣

2.gotothecinema[concert,theatre,party-1

但：Thereisapianointhecorneroftheroom.

12.用在姓氏复数前表一家人凝~

1.TheBrownsarelivinginChina.

妇二人2.ThCSmithsweresittingatthetabic,talkingandlaughing.

13.用在序数词或形容词最高级前1.PhysicsisthemostdifficultsubjectandEnglishistheeasiest,Ithink.

2.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.

14.用在Only.same,right.Very之前，1.Hernameandminearethesame.

just之后2.Hchasmadetheverysamemistakeagain.

3.HeistheverypersonIamlookingfor.

4.HeisjustthepersonIamlookingfor.

5.ThisistherightbookIlostyesterday.

15.在某项发明单数名词前1.ThomasEdisioninventedtheelectriclamp.

2.Thecompass（指南针）wasinventedinChina2000yearsago.

16.与民族、国籍的形容词连用指1.TheChineseeatwithchopsticks.

全体国民2.TheEnglisharehaveagoodsenseofhumour.

17.用在“越...越..."结构中1.Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou'llmake.

2.ThCmorewegettogether,thehapppicrwewillbe.

3.ThCmore,thebetter.

inthe20thcentury,inthe1990,s或inthe1990s

18.用在世纪或逢十的复数年代前"inthetwenties（在20年代）

试比较Jinone,stwenties（在20多岁时）in1990（在1990年）

attheageof20（在20岁时）OVerninety（90多岁）

19.代替所有格代词，用在抓、打pat[strike,hit]sb.onthehead[nose,shoulder,backetc.]

身体或衣服的某部位名词前take[catch,seize]sb.bythearm[hand,collar,sleeveect.]

hitsb.intheface

20.用于bythe+计量单位bythedozen[ton,pound---];bythehour（week,day,month,ect.]

以……计算，按……计算*但byweight（VOlUme）（按重量[体积]计算）不用the

*bydozens以打计；成批地byhundreds很多byinches渐渐地等也不用

the

1.Didyoufollowtheadvicethathegaveyouonhowtodealwiththe

21.用于特指意义的物质名词和抽matter?

象名词前2.Wedon'twanttheairtobedirty.

3.Theyoungergenerationisthehopeofthenation.

22.用于江、河、湖、海、洋、运theMiSSiSSiPPi密西西比河theYangtzeRiVer长江

河、山脉、群岛、海湾、海峡、沙theWestLake西湖theEastSea东海

漠等专有名词前thePacificOCean太平洋thePanamaCaneI巴拿马运河

theRockyMountains落基山脉theHimalayas喜马拉雅山脉

若是单个的山或岛不用冠词theSouthSeaIslands南太平洋群岛theGulfofMexico墨西哥湾

theBeringStraits白令海峡theSaharaDeSerl撒哈拉沙漠

MountEmei⅞JiiillChirstmasIsIand⅜⅛¾⅞

23.用于表示公共建筑物的专有名theGreatWaIl长城theSummerPaIaCe颐和园

词前thePalaceMUSeUm故宫博物馆theCaplialTheatre首都剧院

theWhiteHouse白宫IhferOperaHouse悉尼歌剧院

但：BUCkincham白金汉宫

theQingDynaSty（PCriOd）清朝theElizabethanAge伊丽莎白时代

24.用于朝代、时期、会议、报刊

第十六次党代会华盛顿邮报

杂志、条约、历史事件前the16thPartyCOngreSStheWashintonPost

theAtlanticPaCt大西洋公约theLiberationWar解放战争

04/22

25.ontheotherhand另--方面bytheWay顺便提及bytheendOf到...时为止

某Forthetimebeing暂时burnthenightoil开夜车theotherday几天前

些atthebeginningof在...开始时puttheblameon归咎于breaktheice打破沉默

固makethebed整理床铺ontheothersideOf在...另一边inthemiddleOf在...中间

定attheendof在...结尾时OntheCOntrary相反intheopen在露天

短atthefootOf在...脚下Onthespot当场inthedark暗中

语keepthepeace维护和平ontheair在广播intheformOf以...形式

中atthemoment此时Ontheincrease不断增加fallinthehabitOf养成...的习惯

atthebackof在...后面OnthCfann在农场.....heexceptionof除..外

striketheeye引入注目Ontheradio通过无线电thedaybeforeyesterday前天

atthesametime同时taketheplaceof代替，接替inthewhole总之

巧记特指、重提和唯一，方位、顺序和乐器，姓氏复数国全名，会议、条约和报刊，

定冠岛屿、海峡和海湾，年代、团体和机关，沙漠、河流与群山，海洋、党派、最高级，

词船名、建筑和组织，请你使用定冠词。

四、不用冠词（零冠词）的情况

使用范围______________例示_________________________________________________________________

1.表示总称的复数名词1.Thefilmisnotsuitableforchildren.

前2.TreeScanhelpcleantheair.

I.FailUreisthemotherofsuccess.

2.Whichwillyouchoose,Wealthorhealth?

2.当抽象名词表示一般

试比较：（泛指）

概念泛指时Shehasnosenseofdirection.

Theyhitatruckcomingintheoppositedirection..（特指）

Lilylikesart（泛指）Verymuch.

LiIylikestheartofthemakingmoney.（特指）

I.WinCismadefromgrain.

3.当物质名词表示一般2.Moneyisnoteverything.

概念泛指时试比较：

Wecan'tlivewithoutwater.（泛指）

ThewaterinthewellisClean.（特指）

I.WangTaoperformedwellinhisfirstcompetition.

4.不含有普通名词的专2.Canadaisthesecondlargestcountιyintheworld.

有名词前（包括人名、地3.ImetWeiFangatZhOngShanParktheotherday.

名、国名、车站、街名、4.ThebuildingstandsonChang'aeStreet.

公园等）5.MybrotherisnowstudyingatOXfordUniversity.

6.ChinaisnolongertheChina（特指）ofthepast.

Zlmethima」BeUingStalionJheday-bgfQie-ygsleιdayt

I.inspring[summer,autumn,winter]*

但inthespring/summer/autumn/winterof2009（特指）

5.在表示季节、月份、

2.inJanuary[February,March,April,May,June,July,August---]

日期、星期等的名词前

3.onSunday[Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday]

4.LilywasborninNewMexicoonFebruary28th,2009.

havebreakfast[lunch,supper,dinner∣

6.在表示三餐的名词前*但TodayIhadawonderfuldinnerwithmyoldfriends.（前面有形容词修饰表示具体

某一枝）

Thedinnerwaswonderful,wecannothaveabetterdinnerthanthis.

7.在表示学科的名词前EngIiShisoneofmyfavouritesubjects.

但：Helikeshistory,especiallythehistory（⅞⅜⅞）ofChina.

8.当表示家人称谓或称

呼时1.Doctor,Γmnotfeelingmyselftoday.（大夫,今天我感觉有些不舒服。）

2.FatheristakingcareofMotherathome.

9.在表示球类、棋类运ɪ.IlikeplayingbasketballIfootbalLlennis,VOlleybaIletc.∣

动的名词前2.WatchingothersplayCheSSisofgreatinterest.

1.Theyoungmancanspeakseverallanguages,suchasEnglish,French,Geiman.

10.表示语言的名词前，

RUSSianandsoon.

但有language一词时，

须用the

试比较：ChineSisoneofthemostimportantlanguagesintheworld.

TheChineSeIangUageisspokenbythelargestnumberofpeople.

I.MyheartwasfilledwithjoywhenIheardthenews.

II.当名词前有指示代2.Istillrememberoneofmyfirstlessonsfromthisteacher.

词、不定代词,形容词性物3.NOStUdentcanleavetheclassroomearlybeforetheexamisfinished.

主代词或名词所有格时4.YoucangotoSomeDlaCeinBritain.

5.AbombexplodedanddestroyedKing'shouse.

12.与by连用的交通工具，byship[air,plane,bus,bike,motor,sea,hand,land,road,trainetc.]

通讯工具前不用冠词*但bycar-inacar-inone,scar

bybus-onabus-inthebus—inbuses—inthebuses

bybike-onabike-onthebike-onthebikes;byplane-onaplane-ontheplane

I.onChristmasDay,但：atChristmasonNewYear'sDay,onNationalDay

13.在含有Day的节假日Woman,sDay,MayDay,Children'sDay,Mid-AutumnDay

等名词前Januaiy1isNewYear'sDay.

2.但与festival连用时前要用定冠词：

theMid-AutumnFeStiVaI中秋节theSpringFeStiVal春节

theDragonBoatFeStiVaI端午节theBachFeStiVaI巴哈节,巴哈音乐季

14.当man表示人类及I.Womanissupposedtolivelongerthanman.

man（男人）和WOman（女2.Manistallerthanwoman.

人）用以代表全体时3.Mancansavetheearth;mancandestroytheearth.

1.Heisnotthekindofpersontodothingsbyhalves.

15.kind[sort,type]of+

名词，其前不用冠词2.WhatsortofWinedoyouprefer?

3.Theperformanceattractedallkindsofpeople.

06/22

16.在表示独一无二的头1.WendywasmadePreSidentofthesociety.

衔或职务的名词在句中2.MrMookwasCaDtainoftheaircraftcarrier（航空母舰）.

作表语、同位语、补语或3.ChairmanHuwasonavisittoBrazilatthattime.

介词的宾语时，以及表示4.Weelectedhimmonitorofourclass.

头衔、职位的名词与姓氏5.试比较：MrWhiteisheadoftheworkshop.（作表语）

连用时TheheadoftheworkshopisMrWhite.（*但作主语时须带the）

atdusk[sunrise,dawn,noon,daybreak,night,midnight]

17.在表日夜各个时段的

at[by,before,after]6o,clock

名词前

*但inthemorning[afternoon,evening];ontheeveningofMay1

18.in+书写工具或颜料Pleasewriteinpen[pencil,ink,black,redetc.]

时M旦PIeaSewritewithaPen[pencil∣.

stepbystepnosetotail（紧跟后面）arminarmshouldertoshoulder

19.介词或连词连接两个dayandnighthourafterhourweekbyweeklittlebylittle

相同、相对或关系密切的fromdoortodoorfromtimetotimesidebyside

词构成固定短语时fromnorthtosouthfrommomingtillnightheartandsoul

20.表示程度的形容词最

高级形式用作表语1.TheyarebusiestonMonday.

时，只用来同自身比较，2.Vegetablesarebestwhentheyarefresh.

且无比较范围时，但有比3.Ofallbooks,thisisthemostinteresting.

4.IamtheOldarofthetwo.

较范围时需用Ihe

I.Luxunwasamedicalstudentbeforeheturnedwriter.

21.turn作ɑ变为，成为"解

2.试比较：Hebecamea1awyerwhenheleftcollege.

时，后面作表语的名词前

Hcturnedlawyerwhenheleftcollege.

不用冠词

22.在一个以“普通名词1.Womanasshewas,shewasbrave.

+as或though”开始的让步=（Al）thoughsheisawoman,shewasbrave.

状语从句中，名词前不用2.Colddaythoughitis,theyarestillworkinginthefield.

冠词=（AI）thoughitisacoldday,theyarestillworkinginthefield.

23.表示颜色的名词前通

1.Greenismyfavouritecolor?

常不加冠词

2.Whatcolordoyoulike?Ilikered.

1.Theteachercamein,rulerinhand.

24.在独立主格结构中，”,guninhand.

，，名词+介词+名词”中的2.Thepolicemanenteredtheroom√,aguninhishand.（独立主格）

名词前,withaguninhishand,（with复合结构）

、andagunwasinhishand.（并列结构）

Thewindowfacessouth.

25.方位词作状语时，前

Thesoldiersgottoavillageeastofthelake.

面不用冠词

=Thesoldiergottoavillagetotheeastofthelake.

26.不可数名词前不用不advice;luck;baggage;bread;Change（零钱）；furniture;money;information;homework;

定冠词，即使前面有形容news;progress,traffic;energy;equipment;fun;wealth

词修饰。WhatbadWVatheritis!WehadgreatfuninclimbingtheMountTaiintherain.

27.

在某地atdawn/daybreak/sunset/dusk;indanger;indebt（欠债）;onhorseback（马背上）;onfoot;beinbed

固定词（卧床）...into........that...!/hospital;leaveword（留言）;gototown（进城购物）;goto

组中class/colIegeZsch∞l∕university;injail（坐牢）;leavecollege;attable（就餐）；byheart（默记）;beyond

hope（毫无希望）;inhonourof（以纪念）;inShort（总之）;onsale;outofstock（脱销）;underway

（进行中）;onarrival（至IJ达）;bychance/accident;takeheart（鼓起勇气）;loseheart（失去信心）；

outofplace（不恰当的）；makeuseof;onsecondthought（s）（经深思熟虑后）;bymeansof（通过）;

comeintopower（上台）；pul...intopractice（付诸实践）;dodamageto（给..造成伤害）；inmodern

times（当代）;sendword（捎话）;inuse（使用）；takemedicine（服药）；insearchof（寻找）;make

roomfor（给..腾空间）；word（消息）camethat...（消息传来）

独一职位在某地，用作表、补、同位语；独立主格作状语，by短语表方式：

零冠词man一词表“人类”，对比含义两名词；系词IUm后接表语，新闻语体及标题；

记忆口具体意义变抽象，含有as/though的倒装句；人名、地名、国一词，抽象物质不特指；

诀月份、星期、节假日，学科语言称呼语；颜色、病名、五感觉，棋类、球类、三餐词；

复数形式表类别，固定词组、惯用语。

五、冠词的位置

位置示例

L一般说来位于一个名词或名词aEuropeancountryanhonestandwarm-heartedboy

短语的最前面thedifficultsituationthehappiesttime

单数名词前有“as/so/too+形容IhaveneverspentasdelightfulatimeasthisSunday.

词”，冠词置于形容词之后JaneisnotsosmartagirlasIthought.

Theteacheraskedsohardaquestionthatnoneofuscouldanswerit.

Maggieistooyoungagirltobeleftbyherselfathome.

2.单数名词前有uquite/rather+

形容词”，冠词在quite/rather前Thisisarather/quite（rather/quitea）valuablesuggestions.

后均可

3.单数名词前有“such,half,WcwereinsuchadifficultsituationasWecameacrosslasttime.

many,”修饰，冠词置于SUCh,half,Hehasneverwrittensuchaninterestingbookasthat.

many后halfadozenofapples,manyaflower（许多鲜花）

4.在有how和What引导的感叹Whatasplendidperformanceyougaveus!

句中，冠词置于What后，how修饰Howtimelyarainwe,vegotinsuchadryseason!

的形容词后

5.名词前有all,both,double,You,vearrivedatexactlytherightmoment.

exactly等,定冠词通常放在这类Alltheinformationistrue.

词之后Theyofferedhimdoubletheamount,buthestillrefused.

08/22

6.用在OnIy,right,same,Very之1.Heistherightmanforthejob.

前,just之后2.Don'tmakethesamemistakesagain.

3.Thisistheverybook/justthebookthatIameagertoread.

4.Heis