中考二轮复习重点语法精讲精练专项六 介词课件

2024河北中考二轮复习重点语法精讲精练专项六

介词考点突破2024备考提能训练命题点一

介词的基本用法一、表时间1.辨析in，on与at用法示例in用于世纪、年代、年、月、季节或泛指一天的上午、下午、傍晚、白天等in

the

21st

century在21世纪；in

2021在2021年；in

spring在春天；in

the

morning在早上on用于具体某一天（如：几月几日、星期几、节日等）或某一天的上午、下午、晚上前on

September

1st在9月1日；on

Monday在周一；on

National

Day在国庆节；on

Saturday

morning在周六上午at用于具体时间点前或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前at

one

o'clock在一点；at

8：00在八点；at

noon在中午2.辨析

in，after

与before含义及用法示例in“in+时间段”表示“过……（时间）以后”，常与将来时连用in

five

years五年后after后接时间点，常与一般将来时连用，表示“……之后”I

will

go

to

school

after

seven

o'clock.我将在七点之后去上学。后接时间段，常与一般过去时连用，表示“……之后”Tom

finished

school

after

three

years.汤姆三年后毕业了。before在……之前Lily

must

go

to

bed

before

9：00。莉莉必须九点前上床睡觉。3.辨析during，by

和until含义及用法示例during在……期间during

the

summer

holiday在暑假期间byby+时间点，表示“到……为止；不迟于；在……前”I

will

finish

the

work

by

Friday.星期五之前我会完成这项工作。until“直到……”，表示动作持续到某一时间We

must

work

here

until

10

o'clock.我们必须在这儿工作到10点钟。4.辨析for与sincesince+时间点=for+一段时间，常用于现在完成时（常与延续性动词连用）。如：since

3

years

ago=for

3

years二、表方位1.辨析at，on，in与to含义及用法示例atat+小地点（建筑物、公共场所等）at

home

在家；at

the

bus

station在公交车站on在……（的平面）上on

the

desk在书桌上；on

the

floor在地板上表示两地接壤Hunan

is

on

the

west

of

Jiangxi.湖南在江西的西边。含义及用法示例inin+大地点（国家、省、城市等）in

China在中国；in

Hebei在河北；in

the

city在城市在……里（周围环境是立体的地方）in

the

forest在森林里；in

the

classroom在教室里表示两地接壤Guangdong

lies

on

the

east

of

Guangxi.广东在广西的东边。to在……范围之外，不接壤Japan

is

to

the

east

of

China.日本在中国的东部。续表2.辨析between与among（1）between表示在两者之间。如：The

dog

is

between

the

two

trees.这只狗在两棵树之间。（2）among表示在三者或三者以上的人或事物之间。如：The

dog

sits

among

a

group

of

cats.这只狗坐在一群猫中间。3.辨析on，over，above，under与below含义及用法示例助记on在……上面（接触）There

is

a

pen

on

the

book

and

another

book

is

beneath

it.在书上有一支钢笔并且在书下有另一本书。over在……正上方（垂直不接触）Over

the

table

is

a

chandelier.桌子上面是个吊灯。含义及用法示例助记above在……上方（泛指）The

plane

is

flying

above

the

clouds.飞机在云层上面飞行。under在……正下方（垂直不接触）The

cat

is

under

the

table.小猫在桌子下面。below在……下方（泛指）The

temperature

dropped

below

zero.温度降到零下。续表4.其他方位介词含义示例behind在……后面The

small

dog

is

behind

the

door.那只小狗在门后。inside在……里面Don't

stay

inside

the

buildings

when

an

earthquake

happens.当地震发生的时候，不要待在建筑物里面。beside在……旁边David，do

you

mind

my

sitting

beside

you?戴维，你介意我坐在你旁边吗？三、表动向辨析across，through，over与past含义及用法例句across“横过；穿过”指从物体表面的一边到另一边Go

across

the

street，and

you

will

see

the

school.过了马路你就会看到学校。through“穿过；透过”，指从某一物体的空间内部穿过Go

through

the

forest，and

you

will

see

a

river.穿过森林，你将会看到一条河流。含义及用法例句over“越过；翻过”，指从某一物体的上方越过或空间范围之上通过，表面不接触The

plane

flew

over

the

mountains.飞机从那些山峰的上方飞过。past“经过”，指从旁边经过The

teacher

saw

the

boy

sleeping

when

he

walked

past

the

classroom.当老师经过教室时，他看到那个男孩正在睡觉。续表四、表方式辨析with，in，by与on用法例句with“用，以，借助于”，后常接工具或身体部位①I

often

do

my

homework

with

a

pen.我经常用钢笔写作业。②Elephants

drink

water

with

their

trunks.大象用鼻子喝水。in“用……”，后接语言、声音、颜色等①Can

you

say

it

in

English？你能用英语说它吗？②The

girl

in

red

is

my

friend.穿红色衣服的女孩是我的朋友。用法例句byby+交通工具，意为“乘；坐”I

go

to

school

by

bike.我骑自行车上学。by+doing，意为“通过……方式”I

improve

my

English

by

speaking

more.我通过多说来提高英语。on“通过……”，后接电子产品/通讯工具I

could

do

all

my

work

on

the

computer.我能通过电脑完成所有工作。续表五、其他介词含义及用法例句for为，给；对……来说Mother

bought

a

pen

for

me.妈妈给我买了一支钢笔。from从……We're

open

from

8：00

a.m.to

7：00

p.m.every

day.我们每天从早上8点到晚上7点营业。of……的a

map

of

China一幅中国地图about关于；大约（+数字）It's

a

book

about

animals.这是一本关于动物的书。含义及用法例句withwith+人“和某人一起”I

play

games

with

my

classmates.我和我的同学们玩游戏。带有/有a

girl

with

long

hair一个长头发的女孩；a

book

with

a

green

cover一本绿皮书without没有；不He

often

goes

to

work

without

breakfast.他经常不吃早餐就去上班。over遍及；超过There

are

over

two

hundred

people

in

the

park.公园里有两百多人。续表含义及用法例句against反对；对抗；紧靠We

will

play

against

them

this

afternoon.今天下午我们将跟他们比赛。into在……里Mr.White

came

into

the

classroom

with

a

smile.怀特先生面带笑容走进了教室。except“除……之外”Everyone

is

very

happy

except

him.除了他，每个人都很开心。besides“除了”，包括后面提到的人或物I

learn

English

and

math

besides

Chinese.除了语文，我还学习英语和数学。续表1.（2022河北）Look!The

fish

is

swimming

fast

___

the

river.BA.at

B.in

C.of

D.by2.（2021河北）I

eat

rice

___

beef

and

potatoes.It's

delicious.CA.in

B.on

C.with

D.for3.（2020河北）When

are

you

arriving?I'll

pick

you

up

___the

station.AA.at

B.to

C.on

D.off4.（2019河北）This

story

is

___

simple

English.My

little

sister

can

read

it.BA.for

B.in

C.with

D.by5.（2017河北）Just

walk

down

this

road

and

you'll

see

the

museum

___

your

right.AA.on

B.in

C.at

D.by6.（2023丹东）Everything

begins

to

grow

___

spring.It's

full

of

hope.AA.in

B.on

C.at

D.for7.（2023怀化）The

earthquake

in

Türkiye（土耳其）

happened

___

February

6，2023.AA.on

B.in

C.at

D.to8.（2023绥化改编）—Did

Alan

and

Lily

join

the

art

club

___

June?—Yes，I

joined

it，too.BA.on

B.in

C.at

D.to9.（2023唐山丰南区一模）We

have

history

class

___

three

o'clock

every

Friday

afternoon.AA.at

B.on

C.in

D.to10.（2023东营）Bees

（蜜蜂）

can

help

plants

grow.

___

bees，we

wouldn't

have

enough

food.DA.From

B.Like

C.Except

D.Without命题点二

介词短语及固定搭配at短语at

birth出生时

at

home在家里

at

last最后

at

noon/night在中午/晚上at

work在工作

at

the

same

time同时

at

times有时

at

midnight在午夜at

the

moment在此刻

at

once立刻，马上

at

least至少in短语in

common共同的

in

danger处于危险中

in

hospital住院

in

time及时in

English用英语

in

fact事实上

in

public当众；公开地

in

person亲自

in

silence沉默地in

surprise吃惊地

in

the

future将来

in

the

end最后

in

the

daytime在白天in

trouble处于困境中

in

a

hurry匆忙

in

the

way挡道

in

order

to为了of短语as

a

result

of由于

ahead

of在……前面

because

of因为

first

of

all首先

instead

of而不是

of

course当然

all

of

a

sudden突然地on短语on

business出差

on

display陈列

on

duty值班

on

foot步行

on

holiday在休假on

one's

own独自

on

purpose故意

on

sale降价销售；出售

on

show展出

on

time准时on

the

earth在地球上

on

the

way在路上

on

the

telephone在接/打电话on

the

other

hand另一方面

on

the

right/left在右/左边to短语according

to根据

close

to接近

thanks

to幸亏；由于to

one's

surprise/joy令某人吃惊/高兴的是by短语by

air坐飞机

by

bus坐公交车

by

accident偶然地

by

mistake错误地by

the

way顺便说一下其他短语for

example例如

such

as例如

together

with和……一起续表1.（2023齐齐哈尔改编）Bills

is

___all

the

other

runners.It

seems

that

he

will

be

the

winner.CA.next

to

B.far

from

C.ahead

of

D.in

a

hurry2.（2023镇江）Our

school

provides

so

many

colorful

after-school

activities

on

Fridays，but

each

student

can

only

choose

___

two

activities.DA.at

first

B.at

last

C.at

least

D.at

most3.（2022贺州）___

my

opinion，we

should

be

proud

of

our

country.CA.For

B.At

C.In

D.Of4.（2023凉山州改编）There

are

a

lot

of

ways

to

keep

healthy.

___，we

can

do

more

exercise

and

eat

less

junk

food.CA.To

our

surprise

B.In

the

end

C.For

example

D.In

fact5.（2022黄冈）—It's

impolite

to

speak

loudly

___.—I

think

so.CA.in

fact

B.in

time

C.in

public

D.in

danger单项选择。1.（2023抚顺）The

girl

takes

her

dog

for

a

walk

___

the

river

every

evening.BA.in

B.along

C.over

D.under2.（2023廊坊安次区一模）I

usually

make

breakfast

for

my

family

___

Sundays.AA.on

B.in

C.at

D.from3.（2023白银）The

cat

in

Picture

___

is

on

the

box.BA.&1&

B.&2&

C.&3&

D.&4&

4.（2023青海改编）The

four

pandas

in

Chongqing

Zoo

were

born

on

the

same

day___

2019.CA.on

B.at

C.in

D.for5.（2023无锡）A

new

bridge

was

built

___

the

Yellow

River

last

year.BA.around

B.across

C.against

D.along6.（2023凉山州改编）—The