教师版英语二强化写作讲义

I.Introduction

应用文图表作文

应用文：，应用文:书信，备忘录，报告，通知，便笺

n.WordsandTime

[-）字数问题

答题纸小作文100字，计10分，大作文150-200左右，计15分

〔二〕时间分配

小作文成分钟，大作文至_分钟,共50分钟。

第一步，阅读

第二步，写作，小作文和大作文

第三步，翻译

第四步，完形填空。

顺序原因：一切围绕考分重点，即阅读和写作来投精力。完形填空作为时间

田.Requirements

1.Letter

考生根据所给情节写出一篇约100词〔标点符号不计算在内〕的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备

忘录、报告等。共10分。

WritingPartA(2010)

Directions:YouhavejustcomebackfromtheU.S.asamemberofaSino-American

culturalexchangeprogram.WritealettertoyourAmericancolleagueto

1)expressyourthanksforhis/herwarmreception;

2)welcomehim/hertovisitChinainduecourse.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsign'yourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"ZhangWei"instead.

Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points)

2.Essay

考生根据提示信息写出一篇150单词左右〔标点符号不计算在内〕的短文。提示信息的形式有主题句、

写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。共15分。

PartB

Directions:Inthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyour

writing,youshould

1)interpretthechartand

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.

WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Mobile-phonesubscriptions

3.StandardofGrading.

1］格式标准：如作文标题，书信的开关及落款

2］书写整洁：阅卷规定，书写不清可以降低1档〔3分左右〕

3］虎头豹尾：作文的开头、结尾都要用事先准备好的范句，不可出错。前三句即决定成绩。

4〕防止明错：作文要用保险的方法，不要出明显过失，如时态，单复数，虚拟语气等。

备注：

1］老师阅卷是将试卷扫描成电子版，在电子版上阅卷，所以不能写出界，否那么扫描不上

2）小作文和大作文可以有重复的句子出现。因小作文和大作文是不同老师流水线改卷

V.HowtoWriteanessay

1、Readthechart.

(2010)Directions:Inthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.

Inyourwriting,youshould

1)interpretthechartand

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.

WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

20082009年国内轿车市场局部

2008年2009年

百分比（％）

201；20

10

满意10意

年龄彳大一大一大三大四

90岁I16.7%I50.0%33.3%

40—5020年间中国城镇人口、乡村人口变化图64.0%

>50岁单位（百万）10.0%

某高校学生兼职情况

历年试题总结

年份主题题型

1997烟草消费柱状图和饼状图

1999美国人口增长与其野生物种灭绝的关系曲线图

20061998-2004全国工程硕士招生录取人数柱状图MBA

2007中国城市中意外交通事故表格图MBA

2010手机入网柱状图英(二)

2011国内汽车市场份额柱状图英(二)

图表类型

［1］柱状图bar

(2)表格图table

［3］饼状图pie

(4)曲线图curve

(5)Chart,diagram

2.Structureofanessay

⑴首段［3-4句话］:介绍主题+描述图标+揭示含义

(2)第二段(6-10句话〕：

⑶末段(3-5句话〕：

⑴首段［3-4句话〕：介绍主题+描述图标+揭示含义

Wordsandexpressions:

增力口/上升/提高----动词:increase,grow,rise,climb,expand,jump,leap,ascend,

accumulate,surge,soar

名词：increase,rise,growth,expansion,pickup,gain,accumulation,

ascendance,leapjump,climb

词组:goup,registerasmallgain,gainamomentum,continueits

upwardtrend,ontherise

减少/下降----动词：decrease,decline,fall,drop,descend,slide,shrink,collapse

名词：decrease,decline,diminishment,slowdown,,slump,dip,

drop,fall

词组:godown,fallofftakeadip,continueitsdownwardtrend,

onthedecline

显著地/明显地/居！J烈地----dramatically,sharply,considerably,rapidly,enormously,steeply,

massively,incredibly,hugely,largely,substantially,amazingly

缓慢地/逐渐地----

gradually,steadily,slightly,moderately,slowly,inamoderatewayzbythe

leastamount,marginally

保持平稳/不变----remainstable/steady/unchanged

起伏/波动----riseandfall,fluctuateslightly/dramatically,fluctuatebetweenAandB,small

risesandfalls,smallfluctuations,wave,rebound,recover

最高点/最大值----peak,reachapeak,hitthetop,reachahighpoint,makeahistoricrecord.

最低点/最小值----reachthebottom,reachalowpoint.

2.Structureofanessay

首段［3-4句话］：介绍主题+描述图标+揭示含义

e.g.1

Thechartshowsgreatchangesinthenumberofmobilephonesubscriptionsfrom2000to

2008.

e.g.2

Emergingfromthechartisdramaticchangesinthenumberofmobilephonesubscriptions

from2000to2008.

e.g.3

Accordingtothechartgivenabove,therehasbeenanamazingchangeintermsofmobile

phorvpQIihcrrintinn<:frnmtn

百分比（％）

100

88.24

90

首段80

70

I60opedcountriesclimbedup

durin50rthefigureaboutusersin

■百分比（%）门

devel40

30

20

T10ngcountrieshasadapted

them。hoiceofusingcellphoneto

make大一大一大三大四

某高校学生兼职情况

Practiceforfirstparagraph:[2013]

首段[3-4句话]：介绍主题+描述图标+揭示含义

原句：

Accordingtothechartgivenabove,therehasbeenanamazingchangeintermsofmobile

phonesubscriptionsfrom2000to2008.

仿写：

Accordingtothebrrchartgivenabove,therehasbeenanamazingchangeintermsof

part-timejobamongseniorsoncampus

Emergingfromthechartisdramaticchangesinthenumberofstudentswhotake

part-timejobs.

Thechartshowsgreatchangesinthenumberofstudentswhotakepart-timejobs.

首段［3-4句话］：介绍主题+描述图标+揭示含义

原句：

Thenumberofcellphoneusersbothindevelopinganddevelopedcountriesclimbedup

duringthatperiodwhile2003shouldbemarkedaswatershedforthefigureofdeveloped

countrieswassurpassedbythatofitscounterpartsthen.

仿写：

Theproportionofcollegestudentswhohavepart-timejobincreasegraduallysincetheir

firstyearincollegewhileitoccurstobeasteepclimbsincetheirforthyear.

首段［3-4句话］：介绍主题+描述图标+揭示含义

原句：

Theimplicationistodemonstratethatpeopleindevelopedcountrieshasadapted

themselvestoanewoflifeinavarietyofaspectssuchasthechoiceofusingcellphoneto

makecontactmoreconvenient.

仿写：

Theimplicationistodemonstratethatalargenumberofseniorstudentsareawareofthe

significanceofpar-timejob.

升级：

Itseemsthatagreatamountofseniorstudentsgrowupovernightandcometo

understandwhatexperienceofpart-timeworkmeanstotheirfuture.

2012某公司员工工作满意度调查

满意度满意不清楚不满意

年龄组

90岁16.7%50.0%33.3%

40—50岁0.0%36.0%64.0%

>50岁40.0%50.0%10.0%

Practiceforfirstparagraph:〔2012〕

首段［3-4句话］：介绍主题+描述图标+揭示含义

原句：

Emergingfromthechartisdramaticchangesinthenumberofmobilephone

subscriptionsfrom2000to2008.

升级：

Emergingfromthetableistherateofsatisfactiontowardstheirpresentjobsamong。

varietyofagespans.

Accordingtothetablegivenabove,therehasbeenanamazingchangeintermsofthe

levelofjobsatisfactionamongavarietyofagespans.

首段[3-4句话〕：介绍主题+描述图标+揭示含义

Employeesbetween40and50showthelowestsatisfactionwhiletheircounterpartsover

50arethemostsatisfactorygroup.Besides,theattitudeofthoseaged40oryoungeris

sandwichedbythetwogroupsmentionedabove.

Practiceforfirstparagraph:[2013]

首段[3-4句话〕：介绍主题+描述图标+揭示含义

原句：

Itseemsthatagreatamountofseniorstudentsgrowupovernightandcometo

understandwhatexperienceofpart-timeworkmeanstotheirfuture.

仿写：

Itseemsthatemployeesbetween40and50sufferpressurefromworkplacethemostand

thoseover50theleast.

2.Structureofanessay

(1)首段［3-4句话〕：介绍主题+描述图标+揭示含义

(2)第二段(6-10句话］:过渡句+分析原因/举例论证/数据支持

⑶末段(3-5句话〕：

(2)第二段(6-10句话］：过渡句+分析原因/举例论证/数据支持

e.g.1

Toomanyfactorscontributetothephenomenon,amongwhichthefollowingthreeare

consideredtobefundamentalones.

e.g.2

Amongallthecausesofthesituation,Iconsiderthefollowingthreeasthemostessential

ones.

⑵第二段〔6-10句话］：过渡句+分析原因/举例论证/数据支持

思维拓展：

为什么开展中国家用户多了？

主要：经济开展迅速，收入增加

制造本钱的降低

开展中国家人口多，市场大

为沟通提供了便利

次要：为生活带来了乐趣

公司频繁使用促销战略，提供诱人套餐效劳

(2)第二段［6-10句话］：过渡句+分析原因/举例论证/数据支持

举例论证：用来补充说明自己的观点

Tobeginwith/Inthefirstplace/Tostartwith,communicationbecomesmorefrequentthan

everbefore,andcellularphonemakesinstantcontactpossibleandprovidesplatformforshort

textmessagewhichwouldsavebothmoneyandtime.

Forexample,afreshmanmayoftenfindhimselfmissingmanyextracurricularactivitiesfor

hehasnotpurchaseacellphone,becauseleadersofsocietieswouldselecttextmessageas

theirpreferenceforinformingtheirmembership.

What'smore/Inthesecondplace,additionally,peopleareearningmoresothatthey

couldaffordacellphone.Whenlivingisnolongerapriorityinone'sdailylife,heorshewould

thinkofsomethingthatcouldimprovetheirqualityoflife.

Forexample,afashionchasermaypossessanAppleoreventwoApplesofdifferenttypes

foratleasttworeasons:first,helikesit;second,heiswell-paid.

Finally/Inthethirdplace,sincemostdevelopingcountrieshaveahugeamountof

populations,theybecomethelargestmarketformanyproducts,includingcellphone,asthey

growricher.

Besides,cellphonewouldbringmuchfuntolife.Youcouldusethatgadgetifyouwantto

surfonlinewhencomputerisnotavailable.Youwouldknowwhathappensontheother

hemispherewithoutsittinginfrontofTV.

(2)第二段〔6-12句话〕：分析原因+举例论证+数据支持

数据支持：证明论点的正确性

First,communicationbecomesmorefrequentthaneverbefore,andcellularphonemakes

instantcontactpossibleandprovidesplatformforshorttextmessagewhichwouldsaveboth

moneyandtime.

Figureswouldnevertellalie.Recently,statisticsconcernedsuggestthatover87%

peoplewouldtakecellphoneastheirwaytocontact.

“"hone.Whenlivingisno

gthatcouldimprove

jestthatover87%

gacellphoneinto

■百分比(%)

大一大一大三大四

(2)第二段：分析原因

思维拓展：为什么拥有兼职工作的学生中，大四学生最多？

主要：

大四学生完成了大局部学业，课少，自主时间多

大四学生面临毕业，需要更多的兼职工作经验应对未来的工作

就业形势严峻，实习经验成了很多招聘单位的必要条件

次要：

大四学生变得更成熟，比拟清楚当前什么最重要

学校要求学生获得一定的兼职经验才能参与评优等生或奖学金。

(2)第二段〔6-12句话〕：分析原因+举例论证+数据支持

仿写：

Toomanyfactorscontributetothephenomenon,amongwhichthefollowingthreeare

consideredtobefundamentalones.Aboveall,astheresultofglobalization,itsbelievedthat

套句结构〔It'suniversallyacknowledgedthat.../It'sessentialthat…/］studentsnowtakea

morepositiveattitudetowardspart-timejobs,andregarditasahealthyandactivelifestyle.

Accordingtoasurveyperformedbysocialists,almost65percentofundergraduatesregard

part-timejobsastheirtoppriority,comparedto46percentonlyafewyearsago.

Whatsmore,thediversityofmodernemploymentwaysmaybringaboutthedrastic

changesinold-fashionedconcepts.

Lastbutnottheleast,withtherapidpaceofmodernsociety,thereisanincreasing

demandforvariouskindsofprofessionalskillswhichcanbelearnedfrompart-timejobs.

套句结构：定语从句，状语从句，主语从句〔让〕引导，独立主格，倒装句型

(2)第三段［3-5句话］：引申/总结/建议/期望

引申：对分析结果进行拓展。

Fromanalysisabove,wecouldsee,althoughsomearguethatalargescaleofpopulation

couldmeanburdenforthecountry'sdevelopment,hugepopulation,ifproperlyhandled,can

beadrivingforcewhichwouldbringopportunityandfortuneinfuture.Ourtaskatpresentis

todiscoverhowtohandleitinaproperway.

总结：对分析结果进行总结。

Tosumup,thecauseofthephenomenonisfairlycomplicated.Also,wecouldsafelycome

totheconclusionthatadvanceineconomywouldlaysolidfoundationforthebetter-offof

everyindividual.Ultimately,everyonewouldbenefitfromtheprosperityofanation.

(2)第三段［3-5句话］：引申/总结/建议

建议：提出改良意见

Fromdiscussionabove,wewouldfullyunderstandwhatareourcollege7spriorities:

encouragemoresophomoreandjuniorstudentstotakepart-timejobbeforetheyfindittoo

late;buildabridgebetweennewgraduatesandcompaniestoavoidjobrush;provide

guidanceforjobhuntingtothemandmorechancestolandajob.

总结：

(1)首段［3-4句话］：介绍主题+描述图标+揭示含义

⑵第二段〔6-10句话］：过渡句+分析原因/举例论证/数据支持

⑶第三段13・5句话］：引申/总结/建议

功能段：

第一段：

图表描述：

Itisapparentfromthetablethat..............................

Fromthestatisticsgiveninthechart,wecanestimatethat.....................

Thebarchartrevealsthat+主题+对象+时间..........

数据描述

Asisclearly/logicallydemonstratedbythechart/graph,thenumberofAincreasedby30

percentthepercentageofBdecreasedto70%.Thesefiguresareindicatingthesubtlebut

greatinfluenceofAoverB,whichisverythought-provokinganddeservesourcloseattention.

Whatisclearlypresentedintheabove图表类型isthatdramaticchangeshavetakenplace

in主题词1from年份1to年份2.Duringtheperiod,therewasamarkedjumpfrom数字1

to数字2in事物1,whilethatof事物2declinedsignificantly/climbedslightlyfrom数字3to

数字4.(假设有第三个事物,那么馅简箪介绍第三个事物的情况一

Eg

Whatisclearlypresentedintheabovecolumnchartisthatdramaticchangeshavetaken

placeinmobile-phonesubscriptionsindevelopinganddevelopedcountriesfrom2000to

2008.Duringtheperiod,therewasamarkedjumpfromlessthan1billionto4billionin

developingcountries,whilethatofmobile-phonesubscriptionsindevelopedcountries

climbedslightlyfromlessthan1billiontothemaximumat1billion.

Whatisclearlypresentedintheabove图表类型isthestatisticsof主题词1.The

proportionof事物1accountsfor百分比1,rankingthefirst.Thepercentageof事物2ranks

secondamongall,makingup百分比2.事物3occupies百分比3,rankingthird.Asfor事物

4,wecanfindthatittakesup百分比4,lowerthanthatof比事物4占比大的任意事物.

Eg

Whatisclearlypresentedintheabovetablegraphisthestatisticsofstaff'sjob

satisfactioninacertaincompany.Theproportionofpeoplebetween40and50yearsoldwho

arenotcontentwiththeirworkaccountsfor64%,rankingthefirst.Thepercentageofpeople

lessthan40yearsoldwhoareunsatisfiedwiththeirworkrankssecondamongall,makingup

33.3%.Peopleover50yearsoldwhoarenotcontentwiththeirworkoccupies10%,ranking

third.

第二段：

原因列举：

Anumberoffactorscanaccountforthechangein.Tobeginwith,the

phenomenonin,mainlyresults/arisesfromthefactthat.Anothercontributory

factorofis.

Therearemanycauses/factorsforthedramaticgrowth/decrease.Tobeginwith,…

Additionally,.Lastbutnotleastimportant,.

利弊说明：

TheadvantagesofAoutweighanybenefitwegainfromB.

GoodasAis,ithasitsowndisadvantages.Foronething,it.Foranother;it.

AlthoughAhasenormous/substantial/considerableadvantagesoverB,itcannotcompete

withBin.

A'sadvantagesoundsridiculous/meansnothingwhenB'sadvantagesareconsidered.

举例论证：

Numerousexamplescanbegiven,butthis/thesewillsuffice.

Icanthinkofnobetterillustrationthanthefollowingone(s).

Thiscaseeffectivelyclarifiesthefactthat.

Thisstorytellsusthat.

第三段：

归纳结论：

Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat.

Alltheevidencesupportsanunshakableconclusionthat.

Itishightimethatweplacedgreatemphasison.

Itishightimethatweputanendtotheundesirablephenomenonof.

Thereisnodenyingthatfurtherattentionmustbepaidtotheproblemof.

建议措施：

It'snecessarythateffectiveactionsshouldbetakentopreventthesituation.

Hence,itisimperativeforustotakedrasticmeasures/steps.

Weshouldappealtotheauthoritiestomakestrictlawstocontrolthisproblem.

Weshouldenhance/cultivatetheawarenessofpeoplethatthisissueisvitalforus.

Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvethisproblem.

Ibelievewehumanscanovercomethisdifficultyandwewillhaveabrighterfuture.

V.HowtoWriteaLetter

信函：

邀请信

祝贺信

致歉信

感谢信

申请信

推荐信

证明信

求职信

投诉信

询问信

建议信

介绍信

订购信

求学信

考过的话题：

14年：去美国学习，给你未来同居一室的好基友John一封email,告诉他你的生活习惯，征询生活建

议〔建议类〕

13你的班级打算举行一个帮助弱势儿童的慈善义卖，给你的同班同学写email,告诉他们活动细节，

鼓励他们参与。〔建议类〕

12假设你发现你之前在网上商店买的电子词典出了问题，给客服中心写一封email,投诉，并要求快

速解决问题的方案。〔投诉类〕

11假设你的堂兄弟或表兄弟李明被大学录取，给他写一封信，恭喜他，并就如何准备未来的大学生活

给建议。〔祝贺+建议类〕

10你刚从美国回来，之前是中美文化交流工程的成员之一。给你的美国同事写一封信，表达对他的接

待的感谢，欢送他来中国〔感谢和邀请类〕

可以用英语一真题来做练习：

2005年辞去杂志社工作〔辞职类〕

2006年资助失学儿童〔建议类〕

2007年改良图书馆整体质量〔建议类〕

2008年对忘记归还朋友DC表示抱歉〔抱歉类〕

2009年给报社写信提议控制白色垃圾〔建议类〕

2010年招募志愿者〔招募类〕

2011年给朋友推荐一部电影〔推荐类〕

2012年给留学生的大学生活提建议〔建议类〕

2013年邀请外教做英语演讲大赛的评委〔邀请类〕

2014年给校长写信，如何改善学生身体健康状况。写出你觉得重要的细节。〔建议类〕

高分作文赏析：

2012年给留学生的大学生活提建议〔建议类〕

DearInternationalStudents,

Iampleasedtotakethisopportunitytowelcomeyoutoouruniversity.Youmustbe

exhausted/drainedsinceyouhavehadalongjourneyfromyourhomecountrytoChinaandI

amsure/certain/confidentthatyouwouldrecoversoonafterrestforcouplesofdays.Youare

lookingforwardtothecampuslife,aren'tyou?Herearesomeusefultipsforyourfuturelife

here:

First,takingpartinsocietywouldaddsomefun/spicestoyourlife,duringwhichyoucould

rubelbowswithothersandthat'shownewcontactsarebuiltandoldfriendshipgets

refreshed.Second,classattendancewillbeseriouslytakenintoaccountintheevaluationof

youracademicperformance.Thus,don'tskipanylectureorexperiment.Finally,newlifeis

comingup.Justembraceandenjoyit.

Wishyouallthebest.

Yours,

LiMing

1Formation

address

body

complimentary

signature

address

正式场合可用DearSir/Madam,

收信人不明确的用ToWhomItMayConcern,

收信人明确的用DearMr.Zhang/Dr.Lee/Prof.Wang/Mr.President

1Structure

第一段〔自我介绍；写信目的〕

第二段〔详细内容，〕

第三段〔重申目的；a谢意b歉意c期待d祝福〕

第一段〔自我介绍；写信目的〕

自我介绍：

IamZhangWeizanundergraduate/postgraduatemajorinEnglish/Engineering/Physicsin

PekingUniversity.

IamZhangWei,amemberofStudentUnion.

IamZhangWei,asincerereaderofXXMagazine.(Reader1sDigest)

写信目的：

Iamwritingthisletterto(extendm