高考英语阅读理解五步法专项带练(49)讲义

①Manypeoplearefamiliarwiththehorribleimagesofwildlifeincludingseaturtles,dolphinsandsealstrappedinabandonedfishingnets.ThemainissuebehindNylon6,theplasticinsidethesenets,carpetandclothing,isthatit'stoostronganddurabletobreakdownonitsown.So,onceit'sintheenvironment,itexistsforthousandsofyears,litteringwaterways,breakingcoralsandkillingbirdsandsealife.②Now,NorthwesternUniversitychemistshavedevelopedanewcatalyst(催化剂)thatquickly,cleanlyandpletelybreaksdownNylon6inamatterofminuteswithoutgeneratingharmfulbyproducts.Moreimportantly,theprocessdoesnotrequirepoisonoussolvents(溶剂),expensivematerialsorextremeconditions,makingitpracticalforeverydayapplications.③CurrentmethodstodisposeofNylon6arelimitedtosimplyburyingitinlandfills.WhenNylon6isburned,itproducespoisonouspollutantssuchasnitrogenoxides.AlthoughotherlabshaveexploredcatalyststodegradeNylon6,thosecatalystsrequireextremeconditions(suchastemperaturesashighas350degreesCelsius),highpressuresteam(whichisenergeticallyexpensiveandinefficient)and/ortoxicsolventsthatonlycontributetomorepollution.④Tobypasstheseissues,theresearcherslookedtoanovelcatalystalreadydevelopedinthelabofTobinMarks,theleaderoftheresearch.ThecatalysttakesadvantageofyttriumaninexpensiveEarthabundantmetal.WhentheteamheatedNylon6samplestomeltingtemperaturesandappliedthecatalystwithoutasolvent,theplasticfellapartreturningtoitsoriginalbuildingblockswithoutleavingbyproductsbehind.Inexperiments,Marksandhisteamwereabletorecover99%ofplastics'originalbuildingblocks.⑤“Ourresearchrepresentsasignificantstepforwardinthefieldofpolymerrecyclingandsustainablematerialsmanagement,”saidMarks.Afterfilingapatentforthenewprocess,Marksandhisteamhavealreadyreceivedinterestfrommanypotentialindustrialpartners.Theyhopeotherscanusetheircatalystsonalargescaletohelpsolvetheglobalplasticproblem.【素材来源：山东名校考试联盟2023年12月高三年级阶段性检测英语试题】32.WhatisNylon6accordingtothetext?Achemicalthatcauseswildlifeextinction.Thestrongestplasticinventedinhistory.Amaterialthatishardtodegrade.D.Thenetusedtotrapseacreatures..33.Whatisafeatureofthenewcatalyst?A.Ecofriendly.B.Zerowaste.C.Carbonfree.D.Timeconsuming.34.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Theuseofyttrium.B.Theanticipatedresult.C.Theresearchobjectives.D.Theexperimentalprocess.35.Whatcanweinferaboutthenewcatalystfromthelastparagraph?A.Ithasbeengrantedapatent.B.Itisinmassproductionnow.C.Itisofgreatpracticalvalue.D.Ithasbeenwidelyapplied.【五步法解析】串联题干WhatisNylon6accordingtothetext?Whatisafeatureofthenewcatalyst?Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?Whatcanweinferaboutthenewcatalystfromthelastparagraph?主题词归纳：nylon6，newcatalyst.32.WhatisNylon6accordingtothetext?根据课文，尼龙6是什么?A.Achemicalthatcauseswildlifeextinction.一种导致野生动物灭绝的化学物质B.Thestrongestplasticinventedinhistory.历史上发明的最坚固的塑料。C.Amaterialthatishardtodegrade.一种难以降解的物料（正话反说）D.Thenetusedtotrapseacreatures.用来诱捕海洋生物的网。新催化剂可以在几分钟内降解尼龙6，逆向推导尼龙6是种需要难以降解物料②Now,NorthwesternUniversitychemistshavedevelopedanewcatalyst(催化剂)thatquickly,cleanlyandpletelybreaksdownNylon6inamatterofminuteswithoutgeneratingharmfulbyproducts.在几分钟内完全分解尼龙6，而不会产生有害的副产品。Moreimportantly,theprocessdoesnotrequirepoisonoussolvents(溶剂),expensivematerialsorextremeconditions,makingitpracticalforeverydayapplications.33.Whatisafeatureofthenewcatalyst?这种新型催化剂有什么特点?A.Ecofriendly.对生活环境友好的（反话正说）B.Zerowaste.零废弃物料C.Carbonfree.不含碳的D.Timeconsuming.耗时的通过其他催化剂反衬新型催化剂是环保的。③CurrentmethodstodisposeofNylon6arelimitedtosimplyburyingitinlandfills.WhenNylon6isburned,itproducespoisonouspollutantssuchasnitrogenoxides.AlthoughotherlabshaveexploredcatalyststodegradeNylon6,thosecatalystsrequireextremeconditions(suchastemperaturesashighas350degreesCelsius),highpressuresteam(whichisenergeticallyexpensiveandinefficient)and/ortoxicsolventsthatonlycontributetomorepollution.尽管其他实验室已经探索了降解尼龙6的催化剂，但这些催化剂需要极端条件(例如高达350摄氏度的温度)、高压蒸汽(能量昂贵且效率低下)和/或有毒溶剂，这些溶剂只会造成更多污染。34.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?第4段主要讲了什么?A.Theuseofyttrium.钇的使用。B.Theanticipatedresult.预期的结果。C.Theresearchobjectives.研究目标D.Theexperimentalprocess.实验过程（定义同义替换把实验过程具象化）④Tobypasstheseissues,theresearcherslookedtoanovelcatalystalreadydevelopedinthelabofTobinMarks,theleaderoftheresearch.ThecatalysttakesadvantageofyttriumaninexpensiveEarthabundantmetal.WhentheteamheatedNylon6samplestomeltingtemperaturesandappliedthecatalystwithoutasolvent,theplasticfellapartreturningtoitsoriginalbuildingblockswithoutleavingbyproductsbehind.Inexperiments,Marksandhisteamwereabletorecover99%ofplastics'originalbuildingblocks.在实验中，马克斯和他的团队能够回收99%的塑料原始构件。35.Whatcanweinferaboutthenewcatalystfromthelastparagraph?从最后一段我们可以推断出新的催化剂是什么?A.Ithasbeengrantedapatent.它已获得专利。B.Itisinmassproductionnow.现在正在批量生产C.Itisofgreatpracticalvalue.它具有很大的实用价值。D.Ithasbeenwidelyapplied.它得到了广泛的应用。⑤“Ourresearchrepresentsasignificantstepforwardinthefieldofpolymerrecyclingandsustainablematerialsmanagement,”我们的研究代表了聚合物回收和可持续材料管理领域的重要一步。”saidMarks.Afterfilingapatentforthenewprocess,Marksandhisteamhavealreadyreceivedinterestfrommanypotentialindustrialpartners.Theyhopeotherscanusetheircatalystsonalargescaletohelpsolvetheglobalplasticproblem.【逐步翻译】第一段①Manypeoplearefamiliarwiththehorribleimagesofwildlifeincludingseaturtles,dolphinsandsealstrappedinabandonedfishingnets.句子结构分析：including非谓语动词做定语修饰wildlife.很多人都熟悉野生动物——包括海龟、海豚和海豹——被困在废弃渔网里的可怕画面。ThemainissuebehindNylon6,theplasticinsidethesenets,carpetandclothing,isthatit'stoostronganddurabletobreakdownonitsown.句子结构分析：behind引导介词短语修饰themainissue.句意：尼龙6，也就是这些网、地毯和衣服里面的塑料，其主要问题是它太坚固、太耐用，无法自行分解。So,onceit'sintheenvironment,itexistsforthousandsofyears,litteringwaterways,breakingcoralsandkillingbirdsandsealife.句子结构分析：once引导时间状语从句句意：所以，一旦它进入环境，它就会存在数千年，污染水道，破坏珊瑚，杀死鸟类和海洋生物。第二段：Now,NorthwesternUniversitychemistshavedevelopedanewcatalyst(催化剂)thatquickly,cleanlyandpletelybreaksdownNylon6inamatterofminuteswithoutgeneratingharmfulbyproducts.句子结构分析：that引导定语从句修饰anewcatalyst句意：现在，西北大学的化学家们已经开发出一种新的催化剂(催化剂)，可以在几分钟内快速、清洁、完全地分解尼龙6，而且不会产生有害的副产品。【真题必考词汇】Inamatterof...大约只不过在…之内Wehavetoconsulthisconvenienceinamatterofthiskind.对这样的事情,我们就听其自便吧.Moreimportantly,theprocessdoesnotrequirepoisonoussolvents(溶剂),expensivematerialsorextremeconditions,makingitpracticalforeverydayapplications.句子结构分析：making...现在分词做目的状语更重要的是，该工艺不需要有毒溶剂(溶剂)，昂贵的材料或极端条件，使其在日常应用中实用。第三段：CurrentmethodstodisposeofNylon6arelimitedtosimplyburyingitinlandfills.目前处理尼龙6的方法仅限于简单地把它埋在垃圾填埋场。【真题必考词汇】Belimitedto...被限制在…上;限于Theexpensesshouldbelimitedtowhatyoucanreallyafford.费用不应超出你们偿还能力的限度.WhenNylon6isburned,itproducespoisonouspollutantssuchasnitrogenoxides.句子结构分析：when引导时间状语从句；suchas引导同位语句意：当尼龙6燃烧时，它会产生氮氧化物等有毒污染物。【真题必考词汇】Pollutantnoun.污染物AsteadystreamofCaliforniatrafficclogstheairwithpollutants.加利福尼亚川流不息的车流使空气中充斥着污染物。AlthoughotherlabshaveexploredcatalyststodegradeNylon6,thosecatalystsrequireextremeconditions(suchastemperaturesashighas350degreesCelsius),highpressuresteam(whichisenergeticallyexpensiveandinefficient)and/ortoxicsolventsthatonlycontributetomorepollution.句子结构分析：although引导让步状语从句；suchas引导同位语；which引导定语从句修饰stream;that引导定语从句修饰solvents句意：尽管其他实验室已经探索了降解尼龙6的催化剂，但这些催化剂需要极端条件(例如高达350摄氏度的温度)、高压蒸汽(能量昂贵且效率低下)和/或有毒溶剂，这些溶剂只会造成更多污染。【真题必考词汇】Contributetov.捐献;促成;投稿;有助于Colloidscontributetothecharacterofthesoilinotherways.胶质体对土壤的其它性状也有影响.第四段Tobypasstheseissues,theresearcherslookedtoanovelcatalystalreadydevelopedinthelabofTobinMarks,theleaderoftheresearch.句子结构分析：to引导目的状语；theleaderoftheresearch做同位语补充解释tobinmarks.句意：为了绕过这些问题，研究人员将目光投向了研究负责人托宾·马克斯(TobinMarks)实验室已经开发出来的一种新型催化剂。ThecatalysttakesadvantageofyttriumaninexpensiveEarthabundantmetal.这种催化剂利用了钇——一种廉价的地球上丰富的金属。【真题必考词汇】Takeadvantageof...利用；欺骗；占…的便宜Weallhopetotakeadvantageoftheopportunitytopromoteourcooperation.我们都希望可以利用这次机会来增进我们之间的合作.WhentheteamheatedNylon6samplestomeltingtemperaturesandappliedthecatalystwithoutasolvent,theplasticfellapartreturningtoitsoriginalbuildingblockswithoutleavingbyproductsbehind.句子结构分析：when引导时间状语从句句意：当研究小组将尼龙6样品加热到熔化温度，并在没有溶剂的情况下使用催化剂时，塑料就会分解，恢复到原来的结构块，而不会留下副产品。Inexperiments,Marksandhisteamwereabletorecover99%ofplastics'originalbuildingblocks.在实验中，马克斯和他的团队能够回收99%的塑料原始构件。第五段：“Ourresearchrepresentsasignificantstepforwardinthefieldofpolymerrecyclingandsustainablematerialsmanagement,”saidMarks.“我们的研究代表了聚合物回收和可持续材料管理领域向前迈出的重要一步，”Marks说。Afterfili