中考英语二轮复习+题型精准突破课件+科学与技术

完形填空与阅读理解科技与技术(ScienceandTechnology)【AB层】阅读理解(2023·福建) Scientistshavedevelopedawaytoreadminds,translatingunspokenthoughtsintowrittenwords.It’sthefirsttimeit’sbeendonewithouthavingtoputanythingintothebrain.Theyusedartificialintelligence(AI)(人工智能).Itisthenamegiventoacomputersystemthatisableto“think”foritselfandcarryouttasksthatusuallyrequirehumanintelligence.

Scientistsusedaspecialscanner(扫描器).Themachinecanseewherebloodruns,whichshowsthepartsofthebrainthataremostactive.Peopletakingpartintheexperiment(实验)listenedtotheradiofor16hoursastheirbrainswerescanned.TheAItoollearnedtoconnectcertainbrainactivitywithwordstheyheard.Afterthat,eachpersonwasaskedtothinkofastory,andtheAItoolmanagedtopickupthesethoughtsastheyhappened. Theresultshadabouta50%accuracyrate(准确率),althoughtheAIfoundithardtoworkoutthemeaningofpronouns,suchasheorshe,herorhim.Forexample,itturned“Idon’thavemydriver’slicenseyet”into“Shehasnotevenstartedtolearntodriveyet.”Itcouldusuallyunderstandthemeaningofwhatsomeonewasthinkingratherthantheexactwords.TheAIwaspersonalized,sowhenithadlearntfromonepersonbutitwastestedonanother,itcouldn’tunderstandtheirthoughts. Thescientists,whohavebeenworkingonthetechnologyfor15years,saytheyunderstandtherisksofitbeingusedbadly.ScientistJerryTangtoldanewspaper,“Wewanttomakesurepeopleonlyusethesetypesoftechnologieswhentheywantto,andthatithelpsthem.”Thescientistshopeitwillhelppeoplewithcertainmedicalconditions,whoarestillawakebuthavelosttheabilitytospeak,tocommunicateonceagain.1.WhatisthemainpurposeofParagraph2?____A.Todescribetheprocessoftheexperiment. B.Toexplaintheresultsoftheexperiment.C.Tooffersomeopinionsabouttheexperiment. D.Tolistthedifficultieswiththeexperiment.A

2.WhatdoestheexampleinParagraph3show?____A.TheAIismuchclevererthanpeople.B.TheAIdidn’tstarttheworkasitwasordered.C.TheAIcouldn’tunderstandtheexactwordsofwhatpeoplethought.D.TheAIwillbewelldevelopedaccordingtopeople’sspecialneeds.C3.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?____A.ItisnotdifficulttotakeAIundercontrol.B.AIwillnotbeusedinaproperwayinthefuture.C.AIissowisethatitcantreatpeoplewithmedicalproblems.D.It’sexpectedthatAIwillhelpthosespeechlessexchangeideas.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?____A.HighRisksofUsingAI B.Mind⁃ReadingDevelopmentC.ImportanceofHumanBrain D.WaysofImprovingTechnologyBD【AB层】完形填空

(2023·鄂州) Wecan’trememberclearlysincewhenwestartedtotakeourmobilestoadinnertable.Thishappensalot,especially

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wegoouttohavedinner.Onceadishcomes,insteadofliftingourchopsticks,wetakeoutour

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andclick.Later,wepostthephotosontoWeiboorWeChat,waitingtobe“liked”.ThenwecheckourmobilesfromtimeA【A.when B.until C.because】B【A.watches B.mobiles C.cameras】totimeduringthemeal,tosee

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weget“liked”ornot.Wejustcannotleaveourmobilesforonlyameal.

Doesthatsound

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toyou?Doyoudothatoften?Ifnot,howdoyou

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whenothersdothatwhenhavingdinnerwithyou?

Arecentstudysuggeststhatwhatweare

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todoingisnotsogood.Spendingtimetakingphotosof

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makesthefoodlesspleasant.Themorephotostheytook,theless

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thefoodseemedtothem.

CBC【A.when B.how C.whether】【A.new B.similar C.kind】【A.say B.hope C.feel】B【A.allowed B.used C.supposed】C【A.friends B.family C.food】B【A.terrible B.delicious C.fresh】 Besidesthescientificresult,therearealsosomeother

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influencesoftakingphotosoffoodbeforemeals.After

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thephotosontotheInternet,onewillnotbeableto

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himselfandcheckhismobilemanytimes.Itseemsthatyourmobilesecretlycallsyournameallthetime,evenwhenyouare

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realpeople.

ABC【A.bad B.large C.small】【A.taking B.posting C.giving】【A.order B.describe C.control】B【A.around B.with C.from】 So,nexttimeyou

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withyourfamilyorfriends,howaboutnottakingphotosoffood?Letthefoodbedeliciousasitis,and

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yourlifewithpeoplearoundyou.Trustme,itwillbea

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time.

A【A.eatout B.comeback C.stayup】C【A.treat B.avoid C.share】C【A.busy B.simple C.wonderful】【CD层】阅读理解(2023·武汉) WhenthefamousscientistAlbertEinsteinwas16yearsold,heimaginedhimselfridingalongsideabeam(束)oflight.Heusedthispictureinmindtohelphimwhenworkingoutthe“theoryofrelativity(相对论)”.“Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge,”saidEinstein. Daydreaming,called“thoughtexperiments”byEinstein,canmakeyouhavewildimaginings,likeflyingaroundinspace.Itletsyourmindwalkslowlyaroundideas,memoriesandexperiencesthataren’thappeningrightnow.Itmeansthinkingaheadtoaholidayorrememberinghowmuchyouenjoyedabirthdayparty.AccordingtoChina’shealthauthorities(权威机构),daydreamingforawhileeachdaycanimproveyourhealthandcreativity. Disappearingintoadaydreamletsyourmindescapewhenthingsaredifficult.Ithelpsyoudealwithworriesandfears.Forexample,imagininghowyou’regoingtospeakupinclassislikepracticingthesceneinyourhead,whichcanmakeyoufeelcalmer.Daydreamingalsoinspirescreativityandletsyoufindnewworldswheretherearenolimits(限制)towhatyoucandoorwhoyouare.GuoQiang,anexpertinthoughtsandfeelings,thinksweshouldallmaketimetodaydream.“Thinkingforpleasurecanbeapowerfultooltoshapeourfeelings,”hesaid. However,trynottoletyourmindbeabsentwhenyouneedtofocus(聚焦)inclassorcrosstheroad.Instead,findatimewhenyoudon’thavetofocusonanything,likegoingforawalkorbrushingyourteeth.Guosuggestsyoucanstartbyfocusingonahappymemoryorimaginingafuturesuccess,likescoringagoalintheWorldCup. Toencouragecreativity,thinkaboutinterestingideasandseewhereyourmindtakesyou.Researchshowsthatpeopleoftencomeupwithmoresolutionstoproblemsafterthey’vetakenabreak.Sonexttimeyou’restuckwithhomework,stopforamomentandseewhereyourdaydreamstakeyou.1.Daydreamingcanmakepeople____.A.flyaround B.walkslowly C.thinkfreely D.beabsent⁃mindedC2.GuoQiangfirstsuggests____.A.escapingfromthehardtime B.lookingfornewworldsC.findingtimetoimagine D.focusingonsuccess3.WhatismentionedinParagraph4?____A.Thestepstodaydream. B.Thethingstodaydreamof.C.Thereasonsfordaydreaming. D.Themeaningsofdaydreaming.CB4.Daydreamingistalkedabout____.A.toremindpeopletohaveamindbreak B.tosuggestlivingatthemomentC.tofindsolutionstohomeworkproblems D.toshowascienceresearchresultA【CD层】完形填空

(2023·南京鼓楼区二模) InthecityofLondonabout150yearsago,manypeoplestartedtogetverysick.Thesicknesstheyhadwascalled“cholera”(霍乱).Thediseasecaused

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amongLondonersbecausenobodyknewhowtopreventitorcureit.

B【A.stress B.fear C.hunger】 Mostdoctorsthoughtthatpeoplegotcholerafrombreathingin

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air.Theytoldpatientstoopentheirwindowsand

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infreshairasmuchaspossible.Somedoctorstoldtheirpatientstodrinklotsofwaterortakecertainmedicine.However,theiradvicedidnot

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.Theydidnotknowwhattodo.

JohnSnowwasadoctorandscientistwhohada(n)

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idea.Hethoughtthatcholeramighthavebeenspreadingthroughthewaterthatpeopleweredrinking.Maybepollutedwaterwasmakingeveryonesick.

CBA【A.cold B.warm C.polluted】【A.close B.breathe C.prevent】【A.work B.matter C.appear】A【A.different B.similar C.strange】

Atfirst,nobodypaidmuch

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toDr.Snow.Theybelievedthatcholerawasspreadthroughtheairandthatwaterwasnotthe

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.Dr.Snowdevelopedaplantoprovehistheory(理论).HewenttodifferentneighborhoodsinLondonand

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theirwater.Healsocountedthenumberofsickpeopleineachneighborhood.Itwasjustashehad

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!Theneighbourhoodswiththecleanestwaterhadthe

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sickpeople.TheplaceswiththedirtiestwaterhadthegreatestnumberofCCB【A.money B.t