09必修三Unit1Natureinthebalance背诵清单（含练习与答案）-2025年高考英语一轮复习基础知识能力提升全囊括（译林版2020）

必修三Unit1Natureinthebalance知识背诵清单一、背重点单词1._____________________adj.海外的，国外的adv.在海外，向国外2._____________________n.地区，区域；行政区3._____________________num.一百万；许多，大量4._____________________n.(pl.species)种，物种5._____________________n.野生动植物，野生生物6._____________________prep.在……下面，在……下7._____________________n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群adj.大批的，广泛的8._____________________adj.活着的，活的；在使用的n.生计，谋生；生活方式9._____________________adv.因此，从而；这样10._____________________n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞vi.&.vt.有影响；冲击11._____________________vt.&.n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏12._____________________n.气候；倾向，风气13._____________________vt.&.vi.跟踪，追踪n.足迹，踪迹；小道14._____________________n.居民，住户15._____________________n.首领，最高领导人adj.主要的；首席的16._____________________vi.反对，抗议vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩n.抗议，反对17._____________________n.利润，收益；好处vi.&.vt.获益，得到好处18._____________________n.过程，进程；步骤，流程vt.加工，处理19._____________________vt.回收利用，再利用20._____________________adj.昔日的，前任的21._____________________n.官员，要员adj.公务的；正式的，官方的22._____________________n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏23._____________________adj.更多的，更进一步的adv.较远，更远；进一步vt.促进，增进答案：1.overseas2.region3.million4.species5.wildlife6.beneath7.mass8.living9.thus10.impact11.damage12.climate13.track14.resident15.chief16.fit18.process19.recycle20.former21.official22.poverty23.further二、用核心词汇1.harmn.&wt.伤害，损害→____________adj.有害的；导致损害的→______________adj.无害的2.longadj.长的，长时间的→_______________n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长3.survivevi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于难→_______________n.幸存者→___________n.幸存，生存4.disappearvi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→______________n.消失；失踪5.agriculturen.农业，农学______________adj.农业的6.extinctadj.灭绝的，绝种的→_______________n.灭雏，绝种7.applyv.应用；涉及；申请→________________n,应用，运用；申请→_______________n.申请人；求职者8.organizevt.组织→______________n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理9.absoluteadj.绝对的，完全的→_________________adv.绝对地，完全地；极其10.entireadj.整个的，完全的，全部的→______________adv.完全地，全部地，完整地11.defendvt.保护；保卫→______________n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守12.economyn.经济；节约→_______________adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→__________adj.节约的；经济的13.poisonwt.污染；毒死，毒害n.毒物，毒药→______________adj.有毒的14.chemistryn.化学→_______________n.化学家→______________n.化学制品adj.化学的；化学作用的→_______________adv.(在)化学(性质)上；用化学方法15.consequentadj.随之发生的；作为结果的→_____________n.结果，后果；重要性→_____________adv.因此；所以答案：1.harmful;harmless2.length3.survivor;survival4.disappearance5.agricultural6.extinction7.application;applicant8.organization9.absolutely10.entirely11.defence12.economic;economical13.poisonous14.chemist;chemical;chemically15.consequence;consequently【语境活用】1.Eatingtoomucheverydayis____________toourhealth;thatistosay,eatingtoomucheverydaydoes____________toourhealth.(harm)2.Itisreportedthatsomechildrenwere____________bythe_____________food.(poison)3.Onlytwopassengers__________theaircrash.Whenthetwo_________wereinterviewed,theysaidtheir___________wasawonder.(survive)4.Manyrareanimalsarealready____________,orarecloseto______________.(extinct)5.The_____________villagewasdestroyed.Itnowlooks____________differentfromthepreviousone.(entire)6.Intimeofwar,lotsofmoneywillbespenton____________andmanymeasureswillbetakento____________acountryfrombeingattacked.(defend)答案：1.harmful;harm2.poisoned;poisonous3.survived;survivors;survival4.extinct;extinction5.entire;entirely6.defence;defend三、记高频词汇1.harmn.&vt.伤害，损害背词条用法(1)do/causeharmto..有害于……,对……造成损害Thereisnoharmindoingsth.=Itdoesnoharmtodosth.做某事没有坏处(2)beharmfulto...对……有害背写作佳句①Asweallknow,smokingdoesgreatharmtopeople'shealth众所周知，吸烟对人体健康伤害极大。②Thereisnoharminaskingquestionswhenyoucan'tunderstandthem.当遇到不懂的问题时，问一问是没有坏处的。2.massn.大量；团，块，堆；一大群adj.大批的，广泛的背词条用法amassof/massesof许多；大量themassof大多数themasses大众：群众背写作佳句①Withmassesofhomeworktodo,Icanhardlysparetimetoplaysports.有太多的作业要做，我几乎没有空余时间去运动。②Thereformsarepopularwiththemassofteachersandparents.大多数教师和家长赞成这些改革。3.survivevi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于难背词条用法survivesth.幸免于；从……中挺过来/活下来surviveon依靠……生存下来AsurviveB(by…)A比B活得长(……)背写作佳句①Afterwesurvivedthatnight,wewereconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.那天晚上我们幸存下来后，我们相信其他一切都会好起来的。②Thefamilysurvivesongrowingseasonalplantsandtrees.这个家庭靠种植季节性植物和林木生存。4.impactn.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞vi.&vt.有影响；冲击背词条用法(1)haveanimpacton/uponsb./sth.对某人/某物有影响(2)impacton/upon...对……有影响/作用背写作佳句①ThespeechofthatNobelPrizewinnerhadagreatimpactonthestudents.那位诺贝尔奖得主的演讲对学生们产生了很大的影响。②TheinventionandapplicationoftheInternetimpactonallaspectsofpeople'slife.互联网的发明和应用影响了人类生活的各个方面。5.trackvt.&vi.跟踪，追踪n.足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线背词条用法(1)trackdown(经过长时间艰难搜索后)找到(2)keeptrackof…(=keep/stayintouchwith…)了解……的动态；与……保持联系losetrackof..(=lose/beoutoftouchwith..)失去……的线索；与……失去联系trackandfield田径赛背写作佳句①Thoughthemanagerdidhisbesttohelp,hewasstillunabletotrackdownthesourceoftheproblem.虽然经理尽了他最大的努力，但他还是无法追查到这个问题的来源。②Sometimeswearesoabsorbedinourworkthatwelosetrackoftime.有时我们工作得太专注了以至于都忘记了时间。6.profitn.利润，收益；好处vi.&vt.获益，得到好处；对……有用(或有益)背词条用法(1)makeaprofit获利(2)profitfrom/by.从……中获利背写作佳句①Hispurposewastomakeaprofitbyimprovingthepany'sperformance.他的目标是通过提高公司的业绩来实现盈利。②Weshouldlearntoprofitbyourmistakes.我们应该学会从错误中吸取教训。7.defencen.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守背词条用法(1)indefenceof保卫……;为……辩护(2)defendsb./sth.against/from.保护……免遭……;保卫……;抵御……背写作佳句①Weshouldn'tforgetthesoldierswhodiedindefenceofourcountry我们不应该忘记那些为保卫国家而献身的军人。②Thismedicinehelpsthebodydefenditselfagainst/fromsomekindsofinfections.这种药能帮助身体抵抗某些类型的感染。8.consequencen.结果，后果；重要性背词条用法(1)asaconsequence/result=inconsequence因此，结果asaconsequence/resultof=inconsequenceof因为……的缘故(2)take/accept/facetheconsequencesof承担……的后果背写作佳句①(2020·全国卷I)Asaconsequence,hewashighlythoughtofandwasawardedamedalforhiswork.因此，他受到高度赞扬，并因其工作而被授予奖章。②Thousandsofpeoplelosttheirlivesasaconsequenceofthebigearthquake.成千上万的人因那场大地震丧生。四、短语再现1.____________________大量的；大片的 2.____________________充满；到处都是3.____________________在……中起着重要的作用 4.____________________在长度上5.____________________给……带来/造成危害 6.____________________砍倒7.____________________各种各样的；大量的 8.____________________以……为主食9.____________________相应地，转而 10.____________________使分解(为),使变化(成)11.____________________给……带来起色，注入活力 12.____________________由于，因为13.____________________是……的栖息地/家园 14.____________________逐渐增加，扩大15.____________________想出，想到 16.____________________(公开)要求；需要17.____________________突然记起(或想到) 18.____________________摆脱，丢弃，扔掉19.____________________反对某事 20.____________________使发生(或存在)21.____________________倾向于；往往会答案：1.aseaof2.(be)alivewith3.playasignificantpart/rolein..4.inlength5.doharmto6.cutdown7.avarietyof8.feedon9.inturn10.breakdown11.breathelifeinto12.dueto13.behometol4.buildup15eupwith16.callfor17.springtomind18.getridof19.protestagainststh.20.giveriseto21.tendto短语活用1.inturn相应地，转而；反过来背词条用法inreturn作为回应；作为回报inreturnfor作为对……的回报/回应(相当于inrewardfor)inone'sturn轮到某人；接着byturns轮流；变替地taketurnstodosth.轮流做某事Itisone'sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事Itturns/turnedoutthat…结果证明……背写作佳句①Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,whichinturncreatesmoreproblems.人们试图使用私家车避免公共交通延误，这转而造成了更多的问题。②Thetheoryisbasedonpracticeandinturnservespractice,理论来源于实践，反过来又服务于实践。2.breakdown使分解(为),使变化(成);(机器)出故障；(身体)垮掉；(谈判)失败；消除；拆除背词条用法breakin强行进入；打断(谈话),插嘴breakinto闯入，破门而入breakthrough突破；克服，战胜breakaway(from)挣脱(束缚);脱离；摆脱breakoff中断；折断breakout(战争、火灾等)突然爆发背写作佳句①municationcanhelpbreakdownthebarriersbetweenyoungpeopleandtheirparents.交流有助于消除年轻人与他们父母之间的隔阂。②Istronglyhopethatyoucanconsidermysuggestionandbreakawayfromputergamesassoonaspossible.我非常希望你能考虑我的建议，尽快远离电脑游戏。3.dueto由于，因为背词条用法beduetodosth.预计/预期做某事beduetosb.应付给/应给予某人bedueforsth.应用某物；应得到某物背写作佳句①(2021·全国乙卷)DuetotherapiddevelopmentoftheInternet,wecantakeadvantageofvariousonlineprogramsforfurtherstudy.由于互联网的快速发展，我们可以利用各种在线课程进行进一步的学习。②Failureisduetotheneglectofsmalldetails,whilesuccessbeginswithpayingattentiontothem.失败源于忽视细处，成功始于重视小事。4eupwith想出，想到背词条用法eup走近；上来；被提出eabout发生；造成eacross偶然遇到；发现eout开花；结果；出版whenitesto当谈到；涉及背写作佳句①(2021·全国甲卷)CouldyoueupwithsomeadviceontheaspectsoftraditionalChineseculturewhichareextremelyappealingtoforeignfriends?你能就中国传统文化中对外国朋友极具吸引力的方面提出一些建议吗?②Measurestoprotectwildlifewilleupfordiscussionatthemeeting.保护野生动物的措施将在会上提出讨论。5.callfor(公开)要求；需要背词条用法callforsb.todosth.要求某人做某事callon/uponsb.todosth.请求/要求某人做某事callup给……打；使想起calloff取消；停止callat拜访(某地)callon/upon拜访(某人);号召；需求背写作佳句①Protectingtheenvironmentcallsforeveryone'sefforts.保护环境需要每个人的努力。②Theirtravelplanwascalledoffbecauseofthebadweather.由于天气不好，他们的旅行计划被取消了。6.get/beridof摆脱，丢弃，扔掉背词条用法ridsb./sth.of...使某人/某物摆脱……ridoneselfof摆脱……;从……中解脱背写作佳句①Pleasegetridofbadhabits,andbeenvironmentalprotectionguardstomaintainthisbeautifulhome!请摆脱恶习，做环保卫士，维护这个美丽的家园!②ThankstoDr.YuanLongping'sresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger多亏了袁隆平院士的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的斗争中有了更多的办法。知识背诵检测I.单词拼写1.Thereareseven______________(大陆)andfouroceansintheworld.2.Whatisthe______________(长度)oftheYangtzeRiverinChina?3.Onhotevenings,theyoungcouplelikedlyingonthegrass______________(在……下面)thestars.4.Manywildanimalsarecloseto______________(灭绝)intheworldnow.5.Tomisafantasticmusician.I'm______________(绝对地)certainthathisnextconcertwillbeasuccess.6.Thenumberofpeopleemployedin______________(农业)hasfalleninthelastdecade.7.Kunming,acityinYunnanProvince,enjoysamild______________(气候).Ⅱ.语境辨义(写出加黑部分的汉语意思)1.WhenHelencriticizedme,Chriscametomydefence.______________2.Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewaterediftheyaretosurvive.______________3.ErnestvisitedtheSouthPolebecausehewantedtoseeoneofthecoldestregionsintheworld.______________4.TheheadofficeofthebankisinBeijing,butithasbranchesalloverthecountry.______________5.ThankstotheParty'sleadership,Chinaismovingonthetracktoachieveitsgoalofimprovingpeople'swellbeing.______________6.(熟词生义)Thatisagoodbookwhichisopenedwithexpectationandclosedwithprofit.______________7.(熟词生义)TheyhopedthenewventurewouldfurtherthecauseofculturalcooperationinEurope.______________Ⅲ.单句语法填空1.Thepollutedwaterfromthefactoryis,ofcourse,______________(harm)totheenvironment.2.Everyoneinthevillagewasastonishedaboutthe______________(disappear)ofthestonelioninthetemple.3.Theyareworkinghardmeasuringthe______________(long)oftheriverfoundrecentlyintheforest.4.Iattachedaphototomy______________(apply)formandsentittothepany.5._______________(million)ofgraduatesinChinahavefoundagoodjob.6.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesarecloseto______________(extinct),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.7.Thenationalparkisfamousforits______________(vary)ofwildlife.8.The_______________(survive)oftherareanimalinthisbadenvironmentisawonder.IV.选词填空avarietyof,breakdown,indangerof,doharmto,feedon,buildup,callfor,breathelifeinto1.Tellyourchildthatifhegetsaburn,heshouldimmediately______________helpandthenrunthecoolbutnotcoldwaterfortheburn.2.Itisknownthatanimalsliketigerswhich__________________meatbelongtomeateatinganimals.3.It'suptoallofustotakemeasurestoprotect__________________endangeredanimals.4.Carexhaustemissions__________________people'shealthanddisturbtheecologicalbalance.5.Whenfoodwaste__________________inalandfill,itproducesgreenhousegaseswhichcontributetoglobalwarming.6.Thegovernmentarguesthatthenewpolicyisagoodwayof__________________thetourism.7.Theaimofthoseactivitiesistohelpstudents__________________confidencetospeakEnglishinpublic.8.Withtheinventionofthenewkindofrobot,manyfactoryworkersmaybe__________________losingtheirjobs.V.关联词汇用准用活1.用活——同义试试看(用本单元词汇替换黑体词汇)①ThereislittledoubtthatmanhashadaninfluenceontheEarth'sclimate.__________________②Wewillrefundyourmoneytoyouinfullifyouarenotpletelysatisfied.__________________③Theuniversitieshaveexpanded,thereforeallowingmanymorepeoplethechanceofhighereducation._______________2.用准——易错对对碰(1)eupVSeupwith①Wearesupposedto______________asolutiontostoppeoplefromlookingdownattheirmobilephoneswhiledrivingcars.②Whenimport